检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Dynamic process of information transmission complexity in human brains

BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2000年第4期83卷 355-366页

作者： Chen, F Xu, JH Gu, FJ Yu, XH Meng, X Qiu, ZC Fudan Univ Brain Sci Res Ctr Dept Physiol & Biophys Liren Lab Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Biochem Shanghai 200031 Peoples R China Shanghai Chinese Med Univ Qigong Inst Shanghai 200032 Peoples R China Beijing Lab Cognit Sci Beijing 100039 Peoples R China

Based on a complexity analysis of mutual information transmission of EEC developed by us [Xu J, Liu Z, Liu R, Yang Q (1997) Physica D 106: 363-374]. dynamic processes of the complexity of mutual information transmission in human brains were studied. To diminish possible problems due to coarse graining preprocessing, some new measures of complexity were used. The results show that, just before and after generalized seizures, the complexities of almost all information transmission between different brain areas drop significantly;there is also a temporary decrease of complexity when subjects shift their attention. The above facts suggest that there is a transient decrease of information transmission complexity when brain state changes occur suddenly. Mental arithmetic tasks activate the left temporal lobe to exchange more information with other brain areas. The results hint that the methods used here might be an approach to observe quick processes in the living brain.

关键词：注意力/生理学意识/生理学控制论脑电描记术癫痫全身性/病理生理学数学心理过程/生理学模型神经学音乐发作/病理生理学颞叶/生理学颞叶/病理生理学成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

引用

JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2000年第6期55卷 P332-P342页

作者： Batsakes, PJ Fisk, AD Georgia Inst Technol Sch Psychol Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Older and young adults practiced a verbal/spatial dual task and were tested for retention performance 1 month later. Participants first practiced each component task separately to individually determine component processing time. Thus, age-related differences in single-task detection sensitivity were minimized prior to performing the dual task. Participants practiced the dual task for two 1.5-hour sessions. Following the retention interval, they were retested on the single-task components and on the dual task. Correct detection as well as signal detection parameters were examined. Older adults demonstrated decreased sensitivity as well as a more conservative response bias during acquisition. Retention performance for the single tasks replicated previous retention studies, demonstrating age-related performance declines when stimulus-specific learning is assessed. Dual-task retention capability declined for both older and young adults equally when detection accuracy, but not perceptual sensitivity, was measured. Response bias changed differentially for older and young adults across the retention interval.

关键词：年龄因素衰老/生理学衰老/心理学记忆/生理学心理过程/生理学知觉/生理学精神运动性行为/生理学空间行为/生理学言语行为/生理学青少年成年人老年人老年人 80以上人类中年人

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex affects mental rotation

引用

CEREBRAL CORTEX 2000年第2期10卷 175-180页

作者： Ganis, G Keenan, JP Kosslyn, SM Pascual-Leone, A Harvard Univ Dept Psychol Cambridge MA 02138 USA Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr Lab Magnet Brain Stimulat Boston MA USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Boston MA USA

Neuroimaging studies have shown that motor structures are activated not only during overt motor behavior but also during tasks that require no overt motor behavior, such as motor imagery and mental rotation. We tested the hypothesis that activation of the primary motor cortex is needed for mental rotation by using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Single-pulse TMS was delivered to the representation of the hand in left primary motor cortex while participants performed mental rotation of pictures of hands and feet. Relative to a peripheral magnetic stimulation control condition, response times (RTs) were slower when TMS was delivered at 650 ms but not at 400 ms after stimulus onset. The magnetic stimulation effect at 650 ms was larger far hands than for feet. These findings demonstrate that (i) activation of the left primary motor cortex has a causal role in the mental rotation of pictures of hands;(ii) this role is stimulus-specific because disruption of neural activity in the hand area slowed RTs for pictures of hands more than feet;and (iii) left primary motor cortex is involved relatively late in the mental rotation process.

关键词：足功能偏侧化手心理过程/生理学运动皮质/生理学运动皮质/辐射效应运动(Movement) 旋转经颅磁刺激成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The study of central nervous information processing with transcranial magnetic stimulation

引用

FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE PSYCHIATRIE 2000年第7期68卷 289-300页

作者： Herwig, U Schönfeldt-Lecuona, C Univ Klin Ulm Abt Psychiat 3 D-89070 Ulm Germany

In cognitive neuroscience different methods are used to study central nervous information processing. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive, well tolerated technique to interfere with cortical neuronal activity with high temporal and fair spatial resolution. In the past 10 years the use of TMS expanded from its application as a diagnostic routine procedure in neurology to the study of various cognitive functions. In this paper the physical and technical aspects of TMS and studies on the effects of single pulse versus repetitive TMS in the motor cortex are reviewed. Then, research on visual perception and attention is presented and studies on higher cognitive functions, such as speech, memory, and emotions are discussed.

关键词：脑/生理学电磁场心理过程/生理学人类

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Mental maze solving

引用

JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 2000年第5期12卷 813-827页

作者： Crowe, DA Averbeck, BB Chafee, MV Anderson, JH Georgopoulos, AP Vet Affairs Med Ctr Brain Sci Ctr Minneapolis MN 55417 USA Univ Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

We sought to determine how a visual maze is mentally solved. Human subjects (N = 13) viewed mazes with orthogonal, unbranched paths;each subject solved 200-600 mazes in any specific experiment below. There were four to six openings at the perimeter of the maze, of which four were labeled: one was the entry point and the remainder were potential exits marked by Arabic numerals. Starting at the entry point, in some mazes the path exited, whereas in others it terminated within the maze. Subjects were required to type the number corresponding to the true exit (if the path exited) or type zero (if the path did not exit). In all cases, the only required hand movement was a key press, and thus the hand never physically traveled through the maze. Response times (RT) were recorded and analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. RT increased as a function of key parameters of the maze, namely the length of the main path, the number of turns in the path, the direct distance from entry to termination, and the presence of an exit. The dependence of RT on the number of turns was present even when the path length was fixed in a separate experiment (N = 10 subjects). In a different experiment, subjects solved large and small mazes (N = 3 subjects). The former was the same as the latter but was scaled up by 1.77 rimes. Thus both kinds of mazes contained the same number of squares but each square subtended 1.77 degrees of visual angle (DVA) in the large maze, as compared to 1 DVA in the small one. We found that the average RT was practically the same in both cases. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the processing coefficients related to maze distance (i.e., path length and direct distance) were reduced by approximately one-half when solving large mazes, as compared to solving small mazes. This means that the efficiency in processing distance-related information almost doubled for scaled-up mazes. In contrast, the processing coefficients for number of turns and exit

关键词：注视眼/生理学迷宫学习/生理学心理过程/生理学反应时间眼扫视/生理学成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Quantitative and qualitative hemispheric asymmetry for processing Japanese kana

引用

BRAIN AND COGNITION 1999年第3期40卷 453-463页

作者： Hellige, JB Yamauchi, M Univ So Calif Dept Psychol Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

Native Japanese speakers identified three-letter kana stimuli presented to the left visual field and night hemisphere (LVF/RH), to the right visual field and left hemisphere (RVF/LH), or to both visual fields and hemispheres simultaneously (BILATERAL trials). There were fewer errors on RVF/LH and BILATERAL trials than on LVF/RH trials. Qualitative analysis of error patterns indicated that there were many fewer errors of first-letter identification than of last-letter identification, suggesting top-to-bottom scanning of the kana characters. In contrast to similar studies presenting nonword letter trigrams to native English speakers, qualitative error patterns were identical for the three visual field conditions. Taken together with the results of earlier studies, the results of the present experiment indicate that the ubiquitous RVF/LH advantage reflects a left-hemisphere superiority for phonetic processing that generalizes across specific languages. At the same time, qualitative aspects of hemispheric asymmetry differ from one language to the next and may depend on such things as the way in which individual characters map onto the pronunciation of words and nonwords. (C) 1999 Academic Press.

关键词：脑/解剖学和组织学脑/生理学功能偏侧化/生理学日本语言心理过程/生理学知觉掩蔽视野/生理学视知觉/生理学女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Inhibitory control and affective processing in the prefrontal cortex: Neuropsychological studies in the common marmoset

引用

CEREBRAL CORTEX 2000年第3期10卷 252-262页

作者： Roberts, AC Wallis, JD Univ Cambridge Dept Anat Cambridge CB2 3DY England

The orbitofrontal cortex has been ascribed a role in the inhibitory control, as well as in the emotional control, of behaviour. While damage to the orbitofrontal cortex in humans and non-human primates can cause inflexibility, impulsiveness and emotional disturbance, the relationship between these effects are unclear. Excitotoxic lesion studies in marmosets comparing the effects of cell loss within specific regions of the prefrontal cortex on performance of a range of behavioural tests reveal that mechanisms of response inhibition are not unique to the orbitofrontal cortex. Instead they are present in distinct cognitive domains for lower-order as well as higher-order processing throughout the prefrontal cortex. Thus, the lateral prefrontal cortex is involved in the selection and control of action based open higher-order rules while the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex may be involved in different but complementary forms of lower-order rule learning, their roles dissociable, as a result of their differential contribution to different types of associative learning.

关键词：联想学习/生理学狨猴属/生理学心理过程/生理学神经抑制/生理学神经心理学测验额叶前皮质/生理学动物

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Functional neuroanatomy of executive processes involved in dual-task performance

引用

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2000年第7期97卷 3567-3572页

作者： Adcock, RA Constable, RT Gore, JC Goldman-Rakic, PS Yale Univ Sch Med Neurobiol Sect New Haven CT 06520 USA Yale Univ Sch Med Dept NMR Res New Haven CT 06520 USA

The subjective experience of allocating one's attentional resources among competing tasks is nearly universal, and most current models of cognition include a mechanism that performs this allocation;examples include the central executive system and the supervisory attentional system. Yet, the exact form that an executive system might take and even its necessity for cognition are controversial. Dual-task paradigms have commonly been used to investigate executive function. The few neuroimaging studies of these paradigms have yielded contradictory findings. Using functional MRI, we imaged brain function during two dual-task paradigms, each with a common auditory component task (NOUN task) but varying with respect to a Visual component task (SPACE or FACE tasks). In each of the two dual-task paradigms, the results showed that the activated areas varied with the component tasks, that all of the areas activated during dual task performance were also activated during the component tasks, and that surplus activation within activated areas during DUAL conditions was parsimoniously accounted for by the addition of the second task. These findings suggest that executive processes may be mediated by interactions between anatomically and functionally distinct systems engaged in performance of component tasks, as opposed to an area or areas dedicated to a generic executive system.

关键词：脑/解剖学和组织学脑/生理学磁共振成像心理过程/生理学作业完成和分析女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Matching two imagined clocks: the functional anatomy of spatial analysis in the absence of visual stimulation

引用

CEREBRAL CORTEX 2000年第5期10卷 473-481页

作者： Trojano, L Grossi, D Linden, DEJ Formisano, E Hacker, H Zanella, FE Goebel, R Di Salle, F Salvatore Maugeri Fdn IRCCS Ctr Telese I-82037 Telese Terme BN Italy Univ Naples Federico II Nuovo Policlin Dept Neurol Sci I-80131 Naples Italy Univ Naples Federico II Nuovo Policlin Dept Elect Engn I-80131 Naples Italy Univ Naples Federico II Nuovo Policlin Dept Radiol Sci I-80131 Naples Italy Max Planck Inst Hirnforsch D-60528 Frankfurt Germany Univ Frankfurt Klinikum Dept Neurol D-60528 Frankfurt Germany Univ Frankfurt Klinikum Dept Neuroradiol D-60528 Frankfurt Germany

Do spatial operations on mental images and those on visually presented material share the same neural substrate? We used the high spatial resolution of functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine whether areas in the parietal to be that have been implicated in the spatial transformation of visual percepts are also activated during the generation and spatial analysis of imagined objects. Using a behaviourally controlled mental imagery paradigm, which did not involve any visual stimulation, we found robust activation in posterior parietal cortex in both hemispheres. We could thus identify the subset of spatial analysis-related activity that is involved in spatial operations an mental images in the absence of external visual input. This result clarifies the nature of top-down processes in the dorsal stream of the human cerebral cortex and provides evidence for a specific convergence of the pathways of imagery and visual perception within the parietal robes.

关键词：眼球运动/生理学想像/生理学磁共振成像心理过程/生理学顶叶/生理学空间知觉/生理学成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Localization of function all over again

引用

NEUROIMAGE 2000年第5期11卷 451-457页

作者： Goldman-Rakic, P Yale Univ Sch Med Neurobiol Sect New Haven CT 06520 USA

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：