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Interdisciplinary group advises the National Institute of Nursing Research on research opportunities for controlling emerging infections

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL 1999年第6期27卷 500-502页

作者： Larson, EL Grady, PA Lunney, JR

The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) convened 12scientists and clinicians with expertise in infection control, healtheducation, and behavioral change June 3-4, 1999, in Rockville, Md, toidentify research gaps and opportunities to inform the researchagenda in the area of emerging infections. Infectious disease,thought only 2 decades ago to be Nearly eradicated in the UnitedStates, was the third Leading cause of death in the United States in1992.

关键词：传染病控制传染病/诊断传染病/流行病学指导方针(主题) 国立卫生研究院(美国) 护理研究/组织和管理规划制订方案评价研究设计/标准美国女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Does evidenced-based practice medicalize midwifery care? Part 1.

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Australian College of Midwives Incorporated journal 2000年第1期13卷 28-31页

作者： Thomson, A.M. School of Nursing Midwifery &amp Health Visiting University of Manchester United Kingdom

In this paper evidence-based care is defined. The evidence to support the provision of care by midwives is presented, as is the evidence to support home birth for those women at low obstetric risk. In conclusion midwives are challenged to be political and use this evidence to support changes to improve the quality of care provided to women and their families.

关键词：循证医学家庭分娩/护理助产学/组织和管理模型护理学助产士/组织和管理护理研究/组织和管理女(雌)性人类妊娠

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Research directions for specialist practice

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Accident and Emergency Nursing 2000年第4期8卷 214-222页

作者： Heartfield, M. University of South Australia Division of Health Sciences Adelaide SA North Terrace Australia

Emergency nursing is a specialist area of practice that demands particular knowledge and skills. This paper reports on a study to identify the research directions necessary to advance emergency nursing as a specialist area of practice. Nurses working in nine Australian hospital emergency departments responded to questions about current research practices, and the research priorities necessary to inform the development of knowledge and practice in the evolving specialty of emergency nursing. Forty-four core topics considered relevant to the knowledge base of emergency nursing were identified by nurses who were directly involved in providing patient care. The highest ranked topics were clustered into four priority areas for further research. The key areas for further research are education needs and opportunities, specialist roles of triage, trauma and practitioner, and nurses' coping mechanisms. Discussion of these topics is framed by the increasing specialisation of nursing practice, thus this paper aims to encourage consideration and debate about the research based development of the specialty of emergency nursing. © 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

关键词：适应心理学医务工作者的态度澳大利亚证明临床工作能力/标准德尔菲技术教育程度急症护理/教育急症护理/组织和管理健康知识态度实践卫生工作重点职务说明需求估价/组织和管理护理教育研究护理评价研究护理研究/教育护理研究/组织和管理护理人员医院/教育护理人员医院/心理学问卷调查人类

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Research priorities in mental health nursing

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Issues in Mental Health Nursing 1999年第3期20卷 217-227页

作者： Pullen, Lisa Tuck, Inez Wallace, Debra C. College of Nursing University of Tennessee United States School of Nursing Virginia Commonwealth University United States College of Nursing University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-4180 1200 Volunteer Boulevard United States

This study determined nursing research priorities that focused on mental health nursing in the published literature from 1990 to 1996. Determination of which priorities were related to mental health was completed using 18 sources (experts, organizations, and individual research projects). A content analysis of the 18 sources was completed, and 56 menial health related research priorities were identified. Six categories emerged from the data analysis: support, holism, mental health nursing practice, quality care outcomes, mental health etiology, and mental health delivery systems. As mental health nursing embraces evidenced-based practice, the need for clear research priorities is imperative for knowledge development in the field.

关键词：循证医学卫生工作重点/组织和管理知识需求估价/组织和管理护理研究/组织和管理组织目标精神病护理学/教育精神病护理学/组织和管理问卷调查研究设计人类

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Complementary and alternative medicine in women's health - Developing a research agenda

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JOURNAL OF NURSE-MIDWIFERY 1999年第3期44卷 192-204页

作者： Murphy, PA Kronenberg, F Wade, C Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg Ctr Complementary & Alternat Med Res Womens Hlth New York NY 10032 USA Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg Dept Obstet & Gynecol New York NY 10032 USA

Complementary and alternative medicine is becoming an established intervention modality within the contemporary health care system. Various forms of complementary and alternative medicine are used by patients and practitioners alike, including chiropractic, massage, botanical medicine, homeopathy, and energy therapies. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine was established within the National Institutes of Health to facilitate evaluation of these alternative therapies, establish an information clearinghouse, and promote research in the field. This article discusses several aspects of complementary and alternative medicine, relates them to women's health, and describes the need for a research agenda to evaluate the impact of the complementary and alternative medicine modalities used for important conditions affecting women. (C) 1999 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.

关键词：补充疗法助产学护理研究/组织和管理妇女卫生女(雌)性人类妊娠

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Knowledge in health visiting practice

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NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 1999年第4期19卷 299-305页

作者： Goding, L Cain, P Univ Reading Dept Community Studies Reading RG6 2AH Berks England

Health visiting is a practical discipline, hence knowledge in health visiting practice cannot be thought of as inert, that is merely as items of information merely;rather, it must be thought of in terms of a dynamic interplay among the individuality of the knower (the practitioner), the sources whereby knowledge may be acquired, and the contexts in which it must be applied. This discussion is an exploration of that interplay. Thus, in the discussion, the distinctive demands on the practitioner (and the kinds of personal qualities these entail) in acquiring and applying knowledge are highlighted, as are the sources of knowledge and the constraints of context. Three sources of knowledge are noted: authority, personal experience, and intuition. Context is conceived both in terms of the macro, sociopolitical, level and in terms of the micro level, i.e. the individual homes and interpersonal relationships in and through which health visiting is typically practised. Conclusions are drawn relating to the education of health visitors. The discussion draws on a distinction between three kinds of knowledge: factual or propositional knowledge, knowledge by acquaintance, and practical knowledge, or know-how.

关键词：临床工作能力/标准社区保健护理/教育社区保健护理/组织和管理直觉知识护理研究/教育护理研究/组织和管理人类

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Evidence-based nursing: What it is and what it isn't

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NURSING OUTLOOK 2000年第4期48卷 151-152页

作者： Ingersoll, GL Univ Rochester Strong Mem Hosp Rochester NY 14642 USA Rockefeller Univ Sch Nursing New York NY 10021 USA

Nurs Outlook 2000;48:151–2.

关键词：教育护理/组织和管理伦理学护理循证医学/组织和管理护理/组织和管理护理研究/组织和管理护理理论组织目标哲学护理学人类

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Research for nursing: whose job is it anyway?

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NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2000年第6期20卷 423-425页

作者： Closs, J Univ Leeds Sch Healthcare Studies Leeds W Yorkshire England

Who is supposed to be generating the research evidence base for nursing? There is a clear demand for clinical practice to be evidence based, but there is no nationally acknowledged career structure which makes it clear whose job it is actually to do research for nursing. The roles and responsibilities of nurse teachers are confused, not only because of the recent exodus into universities and the consequent cultural changes, but also because of how they are funded. (C) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

关键词：职业流动性循证医学/教育循证医学/组织和管理全体教工护理院校/组织和管理大不列颠卫生服务需求护士作用护理研究/教育护理研究/组织和管理组织文化组织方针研究人员/教育研究人员/组织和管理公费医疗/组织和管理人类

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Applying research to practice. Practical guidelines for occupational health nurses.

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AAOHN journal : official journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses 2002年第11期50卷 520-525;quiz526-527页

作者： Salazar, Mary K School of Nursing University of Washington Seattle WA United States

Much has been written about the research practice gap--and there is no doubt this gap exists in occupational health nursing. It is an irony that the professionals who would benefit most from occupational health and safety research may be the ones who do not participate in or contribute to research. Closing the gap requires a commitment on the part of both practitioners and researchers. It behooves occupational health nurses to constantly seek ways to make the connection--to forge relationships that can continue to advance the specialty. Researchers must increase their efforts to conduct research in "real world" conditions, because this research is most likely to improve practice. Practitioners must be willing to familiarize themselves with research so they can become active participants in the ongoing effort to find answers to troubling occupational health and safety problems. Rosenheck (2001) presents an interesting perspective on the barriers to eliminating the research practice gap. He purports that, although professionals often are highly respectful of scientific endeavors, in reality, "daily decision making is shaped more by power structures, ingrained routines, and established resource configuration than by current scientific findings." In most organizations, standard operating procedures and behavioral norms are the major influences on workplace practices;scientific evidence plays a minor role (Rosenheck, 2001). Several reasons can be found for this lack of reliance on research as a basis for practice. Studies may demonstrate effectiveness among large groups. However, practitioners may not see the relevance or applicability of such studies to individuals or small groups of clients. Also, practitioners may fear that the implementation of new strategies will require more oversight than they are able to provide. Another logistical barrier is the application of the research may require the collaboration of multiple individuals--dynamic environments with extensive

关键词：革新推广信息传播护士作用护理研究/教育护理研究/组织和管理职业卫生护理/教育职业卫生护理/组织和管理研究设计/标准安全管理/组织和管理人类

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Insufficient evidence: the problems of evidence-based nursing

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NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 1999年第6期19卷 433-442页

作者： Rolfe, G Univ Portsmouth Sch Hlth & Social Care St James Hosp Portsmouth PO4 8LD Hants England

Evidence-based medicine was first proposed in the early 1990s as a means of integrating clinical expertise with the best evidence from research. It has recently gained a foothold in nursing, where despite calls for a broad and nursing-oriented definition of what should count as evidence, it appears to be propounding the randomized controlled trial (RCT) as the gold standard. This paper challenges the wisdom of basing nursing practice on the findings of large-scale statistical research studies, and offers a number of logical objections to the underpinning philosophy of evidence-based nursing and the randomized controlled trial. It concludes by arguing for a rethinking of what should count as evidence, and suggests a quasi-legal model based on reflection rather than research, in which evidence is employed to understand and justify practice after the event rather than being used deterministically to plan practice in advance. (C) 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

关键词：临床工作能力决策支持技术循证医学模型护理学护理过程护理研究/组织和管理哲学护理学研究设计人类

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