检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Nasal hyperreactivity to methacholine measured by acoustic rhinometry in asymptomatic allergic and perennial nonallergic rhinitis

引用

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY 2000年第4期14卷 251-256页

作者： Márquez, F Sastre, J Hernández, G Cenjor, C Sanchez-Hernandez, JM Sánchez, J Gutiérrez, R Sanabria, J Fdn Jimenez Diaz Serv Otorinolaringol E-28040 Madrid Spain

This study was carried out assess nasal response to different doses of methacholine and to evaluate the diagnostic possibilities of this test. Thirty-seven patients with allergic rhinitis induced by pollen (out of season), 16 with nonallergic rhinitis, and 25 normal subjects were evaluated. After provocation with saline, increasing doses of methacholine, ranging from 0.5 to 16 mg/mL, were applied. Nasal obstruction was assessed by acoustic rhinometry 10 minutes after each dose, the minimum cross-sectional area and the nasal volume in both fossae were obtained. Ipratropium bromide was applied after the last dose of methacholine to evaluate reversibility. After methacholine challenge with 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL there was a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in nasal area and volume in a dose-dependent manner in patients with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in comparison with controls. A ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) analysis showed that a decrease in nasal volume greater than or equal to 20% at methacholine concentration of 2 mg/mL is able to predict the presence of rhinitis (positive predicted value 93%, negative predicted value 79%) in 75% of subjects. The clinical relevance of this finding suggests that patients with symptomatic nonallergic rhinitis or even asymptomatic patients with allergic rhinitis out of pollen season present a nasal hyperreactivity to methacholine, and that a decrease of nasal volume >20% by acoustic rhinometry after challenge with methacholine at 2 mg/mL is able to discriminate these patients from normal subjects. This method seems ro be a suitable tool in the diagnosis of rhinitis.

关键词：声学支气管收缩药/诊断应用病例对照研究剂量效应关系药物氯醋甲胆碱/诊断应用鼻腔/细胞学鼻腔/免疫学鼻炎变应性常年性/诊断鼻炎变应性常年性/免疫学敏感性与特异性人类

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effects of hard metal on nitric oxide pathways and airway reactivity to methacholine in rat lungs

引用

TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY 1999年第3期157卷 178-191页

作者： Rengasamy, A Kommineni, C Jones, JA Fedan, JS NIOSH Hlth Effects Lab Div Pathol & Physiol Res Branch Morgantown WV 26505 USA

To examine whether the development of hard metal (HM)-induced occupational asthma and interstitial lung disease involves alterations in nitric oxide (NO) pathways, we examined the effects of an industrial HM mixture on NO production, interactions between HM and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on NO pathways, and alterations in airway reactivity to methacholine in rat lungs. HM (2.5 to 5 mg/100 g intratracheal) increased NO synthase (NOS;EC 1.14.23) activity of rat lungs at 24 h without increasing inducible NOS (iNOS) or endothelial NOS (eNOS) mRNA abundance or iNOS, eNOS, or brain NOS (bNOS) proteins. The increase in NOS activity correlated with the appearance histologically of nitrotyrosine immunofluorescence in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS (1 mg/kg) caused up-regulation of iNOS activity, mRNA, and protein at 8 h but not at 24 h. HM at 2.5 mg/100 g, but not at 5 mg/100 g, potentiated the LPS-induced increase in NOS activity, iNOS mRNA, and protein. However, HM decreased eNOS activity at 8 h and eNOS protein at 24 h. Whole body plethysmography on conscious animals revealed that HM caused basal airway obstruction and a marked hyporeactivity to inhaled methacholine by 6-8 h, which intensified over 30-32 h. HM-treatment caused protein leakage into the alveolar space, and edema, fibrin formation, and an increase in the number of inflammatory cells in the lungs and in the bronchoalveolar lavage. These results suggest that a HM-induced increase in NO production by pulmonary inflammatory cells is associated with pulmonary airflow abnormalities in rat lungs.

关键词：空气污染物/毒性印迹法蛋白质支气管肺泡灌洗液/化学支气管肺泡灌洗液/细胞学支气管收缩药/投药和剂量支气管收缩药/诊断应用细胞计数铬/毒性钴/毒性铁/毒性肺/药物作用肺/代谢肺/病理学肺/病理生理学金属/毒性氯醋甲胆碱/投药和剂量氯醋甲胆碱/诊断应用一氧化氮/代谢一氧化氮合酶/生物合成一氧化氮合酶/代谢体积描记术全身 RNA 信使/生物合成大鼠 Sprague-Dawley 呼吸功能试验逆转录聚合酶链反应悬液钨/毒性酪氨酸/类似物和衍生物酪氨酸/代谢动物男(雄)性大鼠

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Do respiratory symptoms predict chronic airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in older adults?

引用

JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 1999年第3期54卷 M136-M139页

作者： Renwick, DS Connolly, MJ Univ Manchester Barnes Hosp Dept Med Elderly Manchester Lancs England

Background. Respiratory symptoms are common In older adults. In young populations the predictive value of such symptoms for chronic airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness is low. We investigated whether symptoms predict airflow obstruction and bronchial responsiveness in adults aged 45-86 years. Methods. An age-stratified random sample of white adults aged 45 years and older was obtained from family doctor lists in General Manchester, UK and sent a respiratory symptoms questionnaire (exclusions: housebound, confused). Responders were invited to participate in a methacholine challenge (Newcastle dosimeter method;exclusions: ischemic heart disease, oral steroids, anticholinergic or beta-blocker medication). Results. Of 783 eligible subjects, 723 responded (response rare 92.3%). Symptoms were reported by 53.8% Methacholine challenge was completed by 208 subjects. Sixty-five (26.4%) had chronic airflow obstruction. of whom 76.6% reported respiratory symptoms. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (PD20 less than or equal to 100 mu g) was present in 26.0% of subjects overall, and in 36.8% of symptomatic and 14.6% of asymptomatic subjects (p<.001). Of those with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, 26.4% were asymptomatic. Predictive values of symptoms for chronic airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were low. Conclusions. Respiratory symptoms, chronic airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were all common in this adult population sample. However, the predictive value of symptoms far airflow obstruction/bronchial hyperresponsiveness was low. It was concluded that respiratory symptoms do not identify adults with airflow obstruction or bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Investigation by spirometry and peak Bow monitoring is necessary to guide appropriate management.

关键词：年龄因素气道阻塞/诊断哮喘/诊断支气管高反应性/诊断支气管炎/诊断支气管收缩药/诊断应用慢性病咳嗽/诊断呼吸困难/诊断用力呼气量/生理学预测氯醋甲胆碱/诊断应用峰值呼气流速/生理学问卷调查呼吸呼吸音/诊断吸烟肺量测定法痰/分泌肺活量/生理学老年人老年人 80以上女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：