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An evaluation of the Baltimore Community Lead Education and Reduction Corps (CLEARCorps) program

EVALUATION REVIEW 1998年第3期22卷 373-402页

作者： Duckart, JP 1]The Shriver Center

This evaluation examines the effectiveness of the Baltimore Community Lead Education and Reduction Corps (CLEARCorps) program in reducing lead dust levels in low-income urban housing in Baltimore, Maryland, through minor lead-reduction activities and tenant lead-poisoning prevention education. Lead dust data collected before and after lead-reduction activities show statistically significant mean declines for floors, window sills, and window wells. Limited data using sign tests also show that follow-up lead dust levels collected 6 months after the CLEARCorps intervention were significantly lower than preintervention lead levels, although there are many important limitations of this analysis, the findings suggest that in-place management may be an effective method in reducing childhood lead poisoning in high-risk areas.

关键词：巴尔的摩儿童福利/统计学和数值数据社区网络/统计学和数值数据置信区间粉尘/分析环境监测/方法环境监测/统计学和数值数据环境污染/分析健康教育/统计学和数值数据住房/标准铅/分析铅中毒/流行病学铅中毒/预防和控制纵向研究规划制订/标准方案评价/统计学和数值数据市区人口儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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EVALUATION OF AN INTERVENTION FOR STAFF IN A LONG-TERM-CARE FACILITY USING A RETROSPECTIVE PRETEST DESIGN

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EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 1993年第2期16卷 212-224页

作者： HYMAN, RB YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED BRONXNY 10461 USA

It has been previously established that human service workers often suffer from emotional exhaustion, which has been conceptualized by Maslach and Jackson as burnout. Burnout may be a particularly great risk in workers providing long-term geriatric care. The current study evaluated the effects of a series of three 3- hour sessions designed to address team building, communication skills, self-esteem, and stress management on a random sample of 51 of the 188 long-term cam staff who participated. Using a retrospective pretest design, a statistically significant improvement from ''then'' to ''today'' was found for the three components of burnout: Depersonalization, Emotional Exhaustion and Personal Accomplishment. Responses to an open-ended question about workshop effects corroborated the quantitative data, and effects noted were highly related to the defined objectives of the workshops.

关键词：成年人医务工作者的态度厌倦职业性/预防和控制厌倦职业性/心理学数据收集女(雌)性卫生人员/心理学人类中年人多元分析方案评价/统计学和数值数据寄托医疗设施/人力美国

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Early childhood intervention and juvenile delinquency - An exploratory analysis of the Chicago child-parent centers

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1998年第3期22卷 341-372页

作者： Reynolds, AJ Chang, H Temple, JA Univ Wisconsin Sch Social Work Madison WI 53706 USA Univ Wisconsin Dept Child & Family Studies Madison WI 53706 USA

We investigated the relation between participation in the Child-Parent Center and Expansion Program during preschool to third grade and measures of adolescent delinquency for low-income, mostly Black youths in the Chicago Longitudinal Study. eased on analyses of 1,262 program and comparison-group children, duration of program participation (0 to 6 years) md extensive participation in the program were significantly associated with lower rates of school-reported delinquency infractions at ages 13 and 14. Extended program participation was only marginally associated with a lower rate of delinquency infractions over ages 12 to 16 Preschool participation alone had no systematic relation with delinquency but was marginally associated with delinquency reports at ages 15 and 16 Reductions in school-reported delinquency were due to less frequent school mobility and to post program parent involvement in school. Given the high costs of crime to society even the relatively modest effects of early childhood intervention on delinquency suggest that such programs can provide another weapon in the war on crime.

关键词：芝加哥队列研究早期干预(教育)/统计学和数值数据干预性研究青少年犯罪/预防和控制青少年犯罪/康复纵向研究亲子关系病人参与规划制订方案评价/统计学和数值数据前瞻性研究参考值社会支持青少年成年人儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Evaluation of HIV risk reduction intervention programs via latent growth model

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1999年第6期23卷 648-662页

作者： Wang, JC Siegal, HA Falck, RS Carlson, RG Rahman, A Wright State Univ Dayton OH 45435 USA

The latent growth model (LGM) has drawn increasing attention in behavioral studies using longitudinal data. The LGM captures the level and trajectory of behavior change, variation in both the initial status and the trend of behavior change, as well as the time-ordered covariation between the initial status and change. This study demonstrates how the LGM can be applied in the evaluation of intervention programs targeting HIV risk behavior among drug users. Multigroup piecewise latent growth models were fit to longitudinal data with three repeated response measures.

关键词： HIV感染/预防和控制健康促进模型统计学方案评价/统计学和数值数据冒险物质滥用静脉内女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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THE WORKSITE COMPONENT OF VARIANCE - DESIGN EFFECTS AND THE HEALTHY WORKER PROJECT

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HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 1993年第4期8卷 555-566页

作者： KELDER, SH JACOBS, DR JEFFERY, RW MCGOVERN, PG FORSTER, JL UNIV MINNESOTA SCH PUBL HLTHDIV EPIDEMIOLMINNEAPOLISMN 55454

Variance estimates in worksite health promotion studies depend partly on the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). ICC quantifies homogeneity of a variable within worksites. ICC would be zero for randomly formed worksites, but is generally positive because employees tend to share personal characteristics. The ratio comparing the variance estimated from worksite means with that estimated from individuals under simple random sampling is the design effect (DEFF). A DEFF of 1.0 indicates no excess variance due to worksite. The Healthy Worker Project (HWP) was a 32 worksite cross-sectional and longitudinal study of a weight and smoking intervention program. ICCs in cross-sectional surveys for health-related outcome variables ranged from 0.006 to 0.009, DEFFs from 2.0 to 2.6. ICCs/DEFF's in longitudinal analysis were smaller;ICCs ranged from -0.002 to 0.003, DEFFs from 0.7 to 1.5. Positive ICCs substantially increased variance estimates at a single measurement, yet variance of longitudinal analysis was less subject to worksite dependence. It is concluded the worksite component of variance is real and should not be ignored, although the worksite component of variance is small in these longitudinal analyses. This observation should be replicated before it is used in other worksite health promotion research.

关键词：方差分析横断面研究健康教育健康促进纵向研究职业卫生服务/统计学和数值数据方案评价/方法方案评价/统计学和数值数据戒烟社会经济因素美国体重减轻人类

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Consequences of alternative programs to cover the uninsured in central southern states

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Journal of Health and Social Policy 1993年第1期5卷 33-42页

作者： Capilouto, E. Dailey, T.E. UniversityofAlabamaSchoolofPublicHealth ListerHillCenterforHealthPolicy.

The lack of health insurance represents a significant barrier to timely, preventive medical services. In addition, certain providers risk financial viability as their uncompensated care burdens worsen These issues are particularly troublesome in southern states because the population is disproportionately represented by greater numbers of poor uninsured individuals. This study examines the consequences of three alternative proposals to reduce the number of uninsureds in five southern states. Program 1 raises the AFDC income eligibility threshold to the federal poverty level. Program 2 drops Medicaid categorical eligibility requirements in favor of a poverty-level income standard. Program 3 requires employers to insure all employees, and their dependents, who work 25 hours or more per week. Surprisingly, Program 1 produces a modest 16 percent reduction in the uninsured. Programs 2 and 3, however, reduce the uninsured population by 41 and 57 percent, respectively. Nonetheless, these last two programs reach very different income groups. Program 2 captures all the poor uninsureds whereas Program 3 includes 40 percent of this same population. From this analysis it is clear that a combination of these programs would be necessary to effectively cover the uninsured.

关键词：卫生服务研究 Medicaid/立法和法学 Medicaid/组织和管理未参加医疗保险者方案评价/统计学和数值数据社会经济因素美国东南部州卫生计划/经济学美国

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CONSUMER-FOCUSED DATA-COLLECTION IN PREVENTION PROGRAM-EVALUATION - RATIONALE AND ILLUSTRATIONS

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EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 1993年第3期16卷 278-294页

作者： SPOTH, R MOLGAARD, V IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL SOCIAL & BEHAV RES CTR RURAL HLTH1985 ELM HALLAMESIA 50011 USA

This article presents a rationale for consumer-focused data collection at multiple points in the process of prevention program evaluation. Recommended procedures include data collection on consumer responses to various recruitment strategies and consumer preferences for specific program delivery features. Following the general rationale for use of these procedures, a summary description of their relationship with existing approaches to program evaluation is presented Finally, illustrations of consumer-focused data collection procedures applied during several phases of an ongoing program evaluation project provided

关键词：用户满意/统计学和数值数据数据收集/方法卫生服务研究/方法预防卫生服务/标准预防卫生服务/统计学和数值数据预防卫生服务/利用方案评价/方法方案评价/统计学和数值数据美国

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Measuring Product Creation Effectiveness

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Journal of Business Strategy 1992年第6期13卷 48-52页

作者： Nayak, P. Ranganath Senior vice‐president at Arthur D. Little Inc. and is responsible for the firm's worldwide consulting practice in operations management

Focuses on the measurement of product creation effectiveness. Creation of a systematic measuring process; Comparison of performance with other companies or other teams within the company; Levels of measurement sophist... 详细信息

关键词：决策组织评价研究工业/组织和管理工业/统计学和数值数据规划技术生产线管理/方法生产线管理/统计学和数值数据方案评价/方法方案评价/统计学和数值数据美国

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Non-profit and for-profit organizations in home care services: A comparative analysis

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Home Health Care Services Quarterly 1993年第1期14卷 93-112页

作者： Schmid, Hillel The Hebrew University of Jerusalem The Paul Bacrwald School of Social Work Mt. Scopus Jerusalem 91905 Israel

The paper analyzes differences in the organizational, structural and strategic behavior of Non-Profit Organizations and For-Profit Organizations in Israel which provide home care services for the frail elderly. In contrast to other studies which have analyzed differences between institutions delivering various social services in the profit and non-profit sectors, this paper focuses on those organizations supplying home care services in the community. The findings suggest that NPO's have qualitative and operational advantages over FPO's. © 1993 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词：所有权/组织和管理所有权/统计学和数值数据病人满意度/统计学和数值数据人员管理/统计学和数值数据方案评价/统计学和数值数据

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THE EFFECTS OF EXCISE TAXES AND REGULATIONS ON CIGARETTE-SMOKING

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JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 1991年第1期10卷 43-64页

作者： WASSERMAN, J MANNING, WG NEWHOUSE, JP WINKLER, JD UNIV MICHIGAN SCH PUBL HLTH ANN ARBOR MI 48109 USA HARVARD UNIV DIV HLTH POLICY RES & EDUC CAMBRIDGE MA 02138 USA RAND CORP DEPT BEHAV SCI SANTA MONICA CA 90406 USA

We estimate a generalized linear model to examine adult and teenage cigarette demand. Out analysis focuses on the extent to which excise taxes and regulations restricting smoking in public places affect cigarette consumption. The adult results indicate that the price elasticity of demand is unstable over time, ranging from 0.06 in 1970 to -0.23 in 1985. These estimates are lower than most found in previous studies. The teenage price elasticity does not differ statistically from the estimates for adults. Additionally, regulations restricting smoking in public places have a significant effect on both adult and teenage cigarette demand.

关键词：健康行为健康调查模型统计学方案评价/统计学和数值数据政府政策吸烟/经济学吸烟/立法和法学州政府税款/立法和法学美国青少年成年人人类男(雄)性

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