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Protecting paradise:: tourism and AIDS in the Dominican republic

HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING 1998年第3期13卷 277-286页

作者： Forsythe, S Hasbún, J De Lister, MB Family Hlth Int AIDSCAP Arlington VA USA Consejo Nacl de Drogas Santo Domingo Dominican Rep Fdn Genesis Santo Domingo Dominican Rep

This study summarizes results from six data collection instruments administered to tourists, hotel workers, and commercial sex workers (CSWs) in the Dominican Republic (D.R.). The objective of this study was to assess: 1. how HIV/AIDS may affect tourism;2. how tourists are likely to react to prevention campaigns;and 3. how tourism may affect the spread of HIV/AIDS. It was found that an overwhelming proportion of tourists did not consider the prevalence of HIV to be a factor when making their travel plans, and that most did not consider themselves at greater risk of becoming infected while on holiday than when they were at home. This study determined that the spread of HIV/AIDS was unlikely to affect the demand for tourism services in the D.R. The study also found that most tourists would respond positively to an HIV/AIDS prevention campaign and would not be discouraged from visiting the D.R, because of such campaigns. Those most receptive to prevention efforts were also those who felt they were at highest risk, according to study data. Finally, it was determined that while most tourists probably do not engage in high risk activities, there were some male and female tourists who do engage in sexual encounters with multiple Dominican CSWs and hotel employees. These encounters represent a risk to the health and economic development of the D.R., as well as to tourists and their other sexual partners. Based on these findings, it is recommended that in order to minimize the potential social and economic impact of HIV/AIDS in the D.R., prevention messages need to reach a number of groups which have not yet been adequately targeted. These groups include tourists, with a special emphasis on 'sex tourists', and hotel employees, with a special emphasis on entertainment staff.

关键词：健康态度决策多米尼加共和国健康教育患病率冒险性行为社会经济因素旅行/统计学和数值数据女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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A survey of general dental practitioners' postgraduate education activity and demand for extended modular postgraduate programmes.

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BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL 1999年第9期187卷 502-506页

作者： Ireland, RS Palmer, NO Bickley, SR Univ Liverpool Unit Dent Pub Hlth & Primary Dent Care Liverpool L3 5PS Merseyside England

The aim of this paper is to assess the level of involvement of general dental practitioners in postgraduate education and training, identify their speciality interests, preferred formal of course presentation and assess the potential demand for modular postgraduate programmes. A questionnaire analysis of a one in three random sample of general dental practitioners on Health Authority lists in the North West of England and North Wales was designed and carried aut. Out of a random sample of 799, 552 GDPs completed an anonymous questionnaire in 1998 which investigated their current postgraduate activity, the areas of specialist interest and their interest in extended modular postgraduate education courses with associated summative assessment. Fifty three percent of respondents attended more than four postgraduate sessions per year of whom the majority (59%) were in the 35-44 year old age group. 79% identified Section 63 courses as their first preference and 63% preferred mixed didactic and 'hands on' courses. Seventy five percent of respondents expressed an interest in attending modular programmes which might lead ta a postgraduate qualification. In conclusion, an enthusiasm to attend existing postgraduate courses was identified but a demand was also perceived for courses of longer duration possibly leading to additional pos,graduate qualifications.

关键词：成本及成本分析课程/统计学和数值数据教育牙科继续/经济学教育牙科继续/方法教育牙科继续/统计学和数值数据英格兰开业医生牙科/经济学开业医生牙科/教育开业医生牙科/统计学和数值数据旅行/统计学和数值数据威尔士成年人人类中年人

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Hospital Choice of Medicare Beneficiaries in a Rural Market: Why Not the Closest?

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The Journal of Rural Health 1991年第2期7卷 134-152页

作者： Adams, E. Kathleen Wright, George E. Lexington Massachusetts 02173 24 Hartwell Ave United States

ABSTRACT: As part of a larger study of hospital choice, the travel patterns of more than 12,000 Medicare beneficiaries residing in three overlapping rural areas were examined. During 1986 these Medicare beneficiaries were admitted to one of 53 hospitals in an area that encompassed parts of Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Information on ZIP code of residence, closest hospital, and hospital of admission were used to analyze hospital choices of the Medicare rural elderly residing in this area. Tosummarize their travel patterns, the admitting hospital was categorized based on whether it was urban or rural, its size and whether or not it was the closest facility. Findings indicated that 60 percent of these rural Medicare beneficiaries used hospital services at their closest rural hospital, regardless of its size. However, 79 percent of those whose closest hospital was larger than 75 beds used it, while only 54 percent of those whose closest rural hospital was fewer than 75 beds obtained services there. Overall, 30 percent of those residing in this rural market area went to an urban hospital. These patterns appeared to reflect an evaluation by the physician and/or individual of the relative attractiveness of the local hospital versus alternatives available, as well as the individual's characteristics. Travel patterns varied by the beneficiary's age as well as his or her relative complexity of illness, as measured by a Disease Staging methodology. Findings have implications for the provision and financing of hospital services in rural areas. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

关键词：卫生服务范围/统计学和数值数据数据收集诊断相关患者组/统计学和数值数据卫生服务易得程度/统计学和数值数据医院乡村/统计学和数值数据医院乡村/利用 Medicare/利用明尼苏达北达科他病人接受卫生保健的程度/统计学和数值数据研究设计南达科他时间因素旅行/统计学和数值数据美国老年人人类

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A survey of the San Diego-Tijuana cross-border binging - Methods and analysis

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1999年第4期23卷 378-398页

作者： Lange, JE Lauer, EM Voas, RB Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat Bethesda MD 20814 USA

On a typical weekend night between 12:00 am. and 4:00 a.m,about 4 thousand Americans 25 or younger cross back into the United States from a night in Tijuana Mexico, clubs . More than 40% of the drinkers return the next morning with an illegal blood-alcohol concentration (0.8 or higher). To study this phenomenon and to provide data with which to evaluate the community effort in San Diego County a border research effort involving two separate surveys of individuals entering and leaving Mexico was established in June 1997 This article briefly reviews past roadside survey studies and reports on the survey methods developed to conduct these surveys and the procedures required to analyze the data collected.

关键词：饮酒/血液饮酒/流行病学饮酒/预防和控制呼吸试验加利福尼亚/流行病学数据说明统计乙醇/血液乙醇/中毒健康调查墨西哥/流行病学问卷调查研究设计抽样研究旅行/统计学和数值数据青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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