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MEDICAL HYPOTHESES 1999年第3期53卷 217-220页

作者： Patten, SB Univ Calgary Dept Community Hlth Sci Fac Med Calgary AB T2N 4N1 Canada Univ Calgary Dept Psychiat Fac Med Calgary AB T2N 4N1 Canada

The concept of behavioral contagion implies that certain behaviors may spread through populations in a way analogous to the spread of microbial diseases, If so, mathematical models that are helpful in understanding the spread of infectious diseases may also help to understand the spread of certain behaviors. The objective of this paper was to explore the possibility that the Kermack-McKendrick model of epidemic spread may help to explain the outbreak of riots in crowds. Predictions made by the mathematical model were compared to descriptions of crowd behavior and of police methods for preventing and controlling the outbreak of riots. Many of the predictions made by the model are consistent with published observations about circumstances where riots may occur, and methods useful for controlling them, (C) 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

关键词：流行病学方法集群行为模型统计学暴乱暴力/统计学和数值数据人类

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Lifetime sexual assault prevalence rates and reporting practices in an emergency department population

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ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2000年第1期36卷 23-27页

作者： Feldhaus, KM Houry, D Kaminsky, R Denver Hlth Med Ctr Dept Emergency Med Denver CO 80204 USA Denver Hlth Med Ctr Denver Hlth Med Ctr Residency Emergency Med Denver CO 80204 USA Univ Colorado Hlth Sci Ctr Denver CO USA

Study objective: Studies suggest significant rates of female sexual assault (SA);the majority of SAs remain unreported, and few victims receive medical care. The purpose of this study was to determine lifetime prevalence rates of SA in an emergency department population and to assess reporting patterns to police, physicians, and social service agencies. Methods: A verbally administered survey was given to all female patients during 4-hour randomized periods in an urban level I trauma center. All English-speaking, noncritically ill women who presented during the study period were eligible. Results: Four hundred forty-two women were eligible;360 (81%) women agreed to participate. The lifetime prevalence rate of SA was 39% (n=139). Ninety-seven women (70%) were older than 15 years at the time of SA. Of these 97 SAs occurring in adulthood, 49 (52%) reported assault by an acquaintance, family member, or friend;28 (30%) by a stranger;and 17 (18%) by a partner. Forty-five (46%) women reported the crime to the police, 42 (43%) sought medical care, and 23 (25%) contacted a social service agency. Reporting patterns for victims assaulted by a stranger versus those assaulted by a partner were: reported to police 79% (95% confidence interval [CI] 62 to 95) versus 18% (95% CI 0 to 38);P<.001), received medical care 70% (95% CI 46 to 95) versus 29% (95% CI 11 to 48;P<.01), contacted a social service agency 30% (95% CI 5 to 47) versus 24% (95% CI 1 to 46;P=.63). Conclusion: Lifetime female SA rates in ED populations are significant. Fewer than half of SA victims report the assault to the police or seek medical care. Women assaulted by a partner are significantly less likely to report the SA to police or seek medical care.

关键词：横断面研究急诊室医院/统计学和数值数据健康调查发病率法定报告强奸/立法和法学强奸/统计学和数值数据转诊和会诊/统计学和数值数据创伤诊治中心/统计学和数值数据市区人口/统计学和数值数据暴力/立法和法学暴力/统计学和数值数据女(雌)性人类

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Northern Ireland - The victims

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 1999年第3期175卷 201-204页

作者： Daly, OE Lagan Valley Hosp Lisburn BT28 1JP North Ireland

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Violence suffered by psychotic patients seen at a rural hospital in Northeast Zaire

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TROPICAL DOCTOR 1999年第4期29卷 246-247页

作者： Burdon, J Ctr Med Evangel Nyankunde DEM REP CONGO

Patients with major psychoses are known to initiate violence, injuring innocent bystanders in the process(1,2). What is less well documented is the frequency with which these vulnerable patients are the victims of violence. The deaths of two inpatients at the Centre Medical Evangelique prompted me to review the medical records of all patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of a psychotic illness in order to determine the frequency and the nature of the violence suffered by these patients.

关键词：刚果民主共和国/流行病学致命性结局精神病/并发症回顾性研究农村卫生暴力/统计学和数值数据创伤和损伤/流行病学创伤和损伤/病因学青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Jaw fractures in Enugu, Nigeria, 1985-95

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 1999年第2期37卷 106-109页

作者： Oji, C Univ Nigeria Teaching Hosp Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Enugu Nigeria

A retrospective analysis of 900 patients with jaw fractures of the facial bones during the period January 1985 - December 1995 indicated that 747(83%) resulted from road traffic accidents, 75(8.4%) from interpersonal violence, 39(4.3%) from accidents during sporting events, and 36(4%) from occupational accidents, while the causes of 3(0.3%) were not stated. The left side of the face,vas affected more often than the right. The mandible was twice as likely to be fractured as the zygomaticomaxillary complex. The symphysis-body-angle and the condylar region were the most common sites of fracture of the mandible, while the zygoma was the area most often affected in the middle third of the face. Most maxillofacial fractures occurred in the age group 21-30 years, and the lo,vest among those over 60, Three times as many men were affected as women. We conclude that there Is high incidence of fractures of the facial bones caused by traffic accidents in our environment and, in all age groups, men were more likely to be affected than women.

关键词：事故职业/统计学和数值数据事故交通/统计学和数值数据年龄因素运动损伤/流行病学面骨/损伤颌骨折/流行病学颌骨折/病因学上颌骨骨折/流行病学尼日利亚/流行病学回顾性研究性别因素暴力/统计学和数值数据颧骨骨折/流行病学青少年成年人老年人儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿男(雄)性中年人

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Sociologic perspectives on juvenile violence

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CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA 2000年第4期9卷 749-+页

作者： Currie, E Univ Calif Berkeley Ctr Study Law & Soc Berkeley CA 94720 USA Inst Publ Hlth Berkeley CA USA

To an important degree, a nation's level of juvenile violence is a reflection of social and political choices it has made, or failed to make. The devastating levels of violence that persist among America's youth signal that, so far, we have not made those choices well. But the record of many other countries tells us that the choices rye have made are not the only ones available to us.

关键词：家庭/心理学青少年犯罪/统计学和数值数据危险因素社会支持社会经济因素美国/流行病学暴力/统计学和数值数据青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Prevalence and severity of lifetime physical and sexual victimization among incarcerated women

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 1999年第3-4期22卷 301-322页

作者： Browne, A Miller, B Maguin, E Harvard Univ Sch Publ Hlth Havard Injury Control Res Ctr Boston MA 02115 USA SUNY Buffalo Ctr Res Urban Social Work Practice Buffalo NY 14260 USA

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Experiences of threats and violence in the Swedish ambulance service

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Accident and Emergency Nursing 2002年第3期10卷 127-135页

作者： Suserud, B.-O. Blomquist, M. Johansson, I. Borås University College School of Health Sciences Kunskapscentrum PreHospen 501 90 Borås Sweden

Ambulance personnel often meet people in a crisis situation that requires a readiness to act, and which takes for granted a broad knowledge in caring, together with an ability to size up the circumstances in each separate incident. The afflicted individual's first contact with a medic in an emergency situation is very often ambulance personnel and this first meeting can involve incidents that may radically change the existing state of things for the ill or injured and, maybe, even for near relatives. Sometimes these situations can lead to threats and acts of violence aimed at the ambulance staff. The aim of the study was to describe how ambulance personnel perceive, how they are subjected to, and are influenced by, threats and violence in their day-to-day work. The empirical study was descriptive and consisted of a questionnaire comprising a total of 13 questions. Answers from the 66 respondents revealed that 53 persons (80.3%) were subjected to threats and/or violence. The majority were of the opinion that the relationship between the paramedic and the patient was most certainly affected when threat or violence is a part of the situation. The study shows that many ambulance personnel have, on occasion, been subjected to one or several threats and/or situations involving the use of violence. The majority regarded this as an unpleasant experience. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词：救护车医务工作者的态度急救技师/心理学急救技师/统计学和数值数据职业病人关系危险处理瑞典暴力/预防和控制暴力/心理学暴力/统计学和数值数据人类

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Violence in A&E departments: A systematic review of the literature

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Accident and Emergency Nursing 2001年第2期9卷 77-85页

作者： Stirling, Grant Higgins, Joanne E. Cooke, Matthew W. Emergency Care Ctr. for Primary Health Care Studies University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom

Violence against A&E staff is increasing, and national initiatives have been implemented to counter the threat to staff. The aim of this paper is to determine the risks to staff of working in A&E and to determine methods of risk-reduction, using searches of literature and web-based resources. There is also critical appraisal of the data therein.© 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

关键词：急诊室医院/统计学和数值数据大不列颠/流行病学患病率安全措施美国/流行病学暴力/预防和控制暴力/统计学和数值数据人类

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Epidemiology of juvenile violence

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CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA 2000年第4期9卷 733-+页

作者： Farrington, DP Loeber, R Univ Cambridge Inst Criminol Cambridge CB3 9DT England Univ Pittsburgh Dept Psychiat Pittsburgh PA USA Free Univ Amsterdam Dept Child Psychol Amsterdam Netherlands

This article reviews the epidemiology and development of juvenile violence, together with key risk factors and risk assessment. Juvenile violent offenders tend to be persistent or frequent offenders with concurrent problems. There is considerable continuity from childhood aggression to juvenile violence, and an early age of onset of violence predicts a large number of violent offenses. The major risk factors are individual (high impulsiveness and low intelligence), family (parental criminality, poor supervision, harsh discipline, child maltreatment, disrupted families, large family size, and family poverty), peer delinquency gang membership urban residence, and Living in high crime neighborhoods. New longitudinal studies focusing specifically on juvenile violence are needed to advance knowledge of this subject.

关键词：青春期行为/心理学家庭/心理学青少年犯罪/统计学和数值数据同侪集群居住特征危险因素美国/流行病学暴力/统计学和数值数据青少年儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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