Reports of abuse, both domestic and institutional, are increasingly common. A myriad of statutes and rules govern when and how incidents of abuse are reported. It is incumbent upon medical centers to establish policie...
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Reports of abuse, both domestic and institutional, are increasingly common. A myriad of statutes and rules govern when and how incidents of abuse are reported. It is incumbent upon medical centers to establish policies that clearly outline the responsibility of all staff members to identify and report suspected abuse and neglect. This article presents a summary of a comprehensive hospital policy on identifying and responding to all types of suspected or witnessed abuse and neglect of patients. It also illustrates how multidisciplinary teams and flowcharts can be useful in developing and implementing policy in complicated areas that involve many players, rules, and regulations.
Examined the longitudinal relation between children's self-report of witnessing community violence,family environment and parent report of child antisocial behavior in a sample of 6- to 10-year-old urban American ...
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Examined the longitudinal relation between children's self-report of witnessing community violence,family environment and parent report of child antisocial behavior in a sample of 6- to 10-year-old urban American boys (N = 97) at familial risk for antisocial behavior, Boys reported high rates of lifetime exposure to community violence. Boys' reports of witnessing community violence were significantly positively related to changes over 15 months in child antisocial behavior even after controlling for the possible effects of 3 aspects of parent-child interactions shown previously to be related to problematic child behavior Furthermore, family environment particularly the degree to which parents engaged in conflict with their sons. moderated the effect of witnessed violence on changes in antisocial behavior. In families with low conflict, higher levels of witnessed violence predicted increases in antisocial behavior over time fn contrast, in families with relatively high levels of parent-child conflict, high-witnessed violence had no additional influence on antisocial outcome. This, is the first prospective: longitudinal study to document an association between witnessed community violence and changes in antisocial behavior in young, urban boys at familial risk for antisocial behavior.
The purpose of this article was to explore patient assault in acute inpatient psychiatric units and to examine the interplay between the patients, environmental staff factors related to assaults. A log system for reco...
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The purpose of this article was to explore patient assault in acute inpatient psychiatric units and to examine the interplay between the patients, environmental staff factors related to assaults. A log system for recording assault occurrences was used. Four trained research assistants conducted a chart review and interviewed the nursing staff to complete the overt aggression scale, staff observation aggression scale, and environmental assessment questionnaire separately at the four hospitals. The data showed 855 episodes of assaults from 287 patients. The assault incident density ranged from 1.11 to 1.95 per 1,000 patient days. Patient factors (diagnosis, history of assaultive behavior, the duration of admission, and smoking history), environmental factors (patient/nurse ratio and space density) and staff factors (age, length of work experience, training program received in assault prevention and management) were contributing variables to patients' assaultive behavior. This reinforces the complexity of models in predicting assaults among psychiatric in-patients. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
A retrospective study of 375 consecutive medicolegal cases seen in four peripheral general hospitals in the Rivers State of Nigeria over a five-year period (March 1984 to February 1989) was undertaken. The most common...
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A retrospective study of 375 consecutive medicolegal cases seen in four peripheral general hospitals in the Rivers State of Nigeria over a five-year period (March 1984 to February 1989) was undertaken. The most common indications for forensic medical consultation were assaults (78.6%) using clubs, sticks, fists and machetes as weapons, road traffic accidents (9.1%) and sexual offences (7.7%). The proportions of accidental deaths ( 4.3%), homicidal deaths (2.9%), sudden natural deaths (0.5%), maternal deaths (0.5%) and suicidal deaths (0.3%) were much lower. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4 to 1. The patients' ages ranged from 10 months to 75 years, with a mean of 31.6 years. Twenty-three cases (6.1%) were children, while the remaining 352 cases (93.9%) were adults. The study showed that for those cases which do come to the pathologist's attention, forensic personnel and laboratory services are inadequate in the peripheral parts of Nigeria. The study also highlighted the possible range of medicolegal problems of which the medical practitioner should be aware, even if he is practising in the rural non-urbanized areas of Nigeria. The study shows that not all deaths are registered in Nigeria.
Communicating with health care professionals and patients is critical to our clinical perfor- mance. As health care profes- sionals, we cultivate our capac- ity to critically observe and listen. Within and beyond the ...
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Communicating with health care professionals and patients is critical to our clinical perfor- mance. As health care profes- sionals, we cultivate our capac- ity to critically observe and listen. Within and beyond the bounds of polite everyday exchanges, we are provided with opportunities to make and record significant and vital observations that may translate into health promotion and dis- ease prevention, as well as gain information that may factor into our diagnosis and prognosis of craniofacial orodental trauma, diseases or other disorders. By being curious and engaged, we can receive answers that may illuminate important avenues for health promotion. By read- ing our patients" subtle cues or gestures, we truly become and are perceived by our profession- al colleagues, staff and patients to be a doctor and colleague who really cares. Our communication compe- tencies may be an even larger and more significant dimension of our professionalism than we fully appreciate. By talking with and listening to our patients, while demonstrating compassion and empathy, we can establish relationships with them in which they view us as dental health care professionals with an emphasis on the "care."25Learning how to inter- personally communicate well with and cultivating better rela- tionships with our patients pro- vides us with a wellspring of even more trust from which we may never need to drink. But if we do, it is there and can save lives and promote health.
The catalyst for this study was a widely publicized U.S. government sponsored report forecasting alarming increases in Violent juvenile crime. Working from data for the entire United States given in annual FBI Uniform...
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The catalyst for this study was a widely publicized U.S. government sponsored report forecasting alarming increases in Violent juvenile crime. Working from data for the entire United States given in annual FBI Uniform Crime Reports, the study presented a descriptive statistical, historical profile of violent juvenile crime in America based on the percentage of all arrests for criminal homicide, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault attributable to juveniles, 1941-1995. Markedly different patterns resulted from focusing on rates and rates of change calculated for 1-, 5-, and 10-yr. periods. Thus, for example, the most recent 5-yr. trend for criminal homicide indicated an average annual increase of 7.81% in the incidence of arrests attributable to juveniles, with a corresponding projected increase of 117% from 1995 to 2010. An average annual rare increase of 5.13% was indicated over the most recent IO-yr. period, leading to a predicted increase of 77% in 2010 as compared to 1995. By sharp contrast, focusing on the 15.3% rate increase which occurred in the most recent single year led to the expectation that juvenile arrests will account for 229% more of this nation's criminal homicide arrests in 2015 than was the case in 1995. In every case, widely discrepant, 15-yr. projection differences such as chose noted above, are magnified considerably if we assume validity of U.S. census estimates concerning increases in the size of America's juvenile population over the time period considered. Results of the study are taken to underscore the importance of qualifying archival data-based inferences about violent juvenile crime, in terms of the specific measure(s) used and time-frame context(s) of the unit(s) of analysis.
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