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Transducing the Dpp morphogen gradient in the wing of Drosophila:: Regulation of Dpp targets by brinker

CELL 1999年第4期96卷 553-562页

作者： Campbell, G Tomlinson, A Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg Ctr Neurobiol & Behav Dept Genet & Dev New York NY 10032 USA

Dpp, a TGF beta, organizes pattern in the Drosophila wing by acting as a graded morphogen, activating different targets above distinct threshold concentrations. Like other TGF beta s, Dpp appears to induce transcription directly via activation of a SMAD, Mad. However, here we demonstrate that Dpp can also control gene expression indirectly by downregulating the expression of the brinker gene, which encodes a putative transcription factor that functions to repress Dpp targets. The medial-to-lateral Dpp gradient along the anterior-posterior axis is complemented by a lateral-to-medial gradient of Drinker, and the presence of these two opposing gradients may function to allow cells to detect small differences in Dpp concentration and respond by activating different target genes.

关键词：氨基酸序列骨形态发生蛋白受体 Ⅰ型克隆分子 DNA结合蛋白质类/遗传学果蝇属/遗传学果蝇属/生长和发育果蝇蛋白质类增强子元件(遗传学)/遗传学基因表达调控发育期昆虫蛋白质类/遗传学分子序列数据诱变插入/生理学核蛋白质类/遗传学表型蛋白质丝氨酸苏氨酸激酶/遗传学受体生长因子/遗传学信号传导/生理学翼/生长和发育动物

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The ISWI chromatin-remodeling protein is required for gene expression and the maintenance of higher order chromatin structure in vivo

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MOLECULAR CELL 2000年第2期5卷 355-365页

作者： Deuring, R Fanti, L Armstrong, JA Sarte, M Papoulas, O Prestel, M Daubresse, G Verardo, M Moseley, SL Berloco, M Tsukiyama, T Wu, C Pimpinelli, S Tamkun, JW Univ Calif Santa Cruz Dept Biol Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA NCI Mol Cell Biol Lab NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA Univ La Sapienza Fdn Cenci Bolognetti Ist Pasteur I-00185 Rome Italy Univ La Sapienza Dipartimento Genet & Biol Mol I-00185 Rome Italy Univ Bari Ist Genet I-70126 Bari Italy

Drosophila ISWI, a highly conserved member of the SW12/SNF2 family of ATPases, is the catalytic subunit of three chromatin-remodeling complexes: NURF, CHRAC, and ACF. To clarify the biological functions of ISWI, we generated and characterized null and dominant-negative ISWI mutations. We found that ISWI mutations affect both cell viability and gene expression during Drosophila development. ISWI mutations also cause striking alterations in the structure of the male X chromosome. The ISWI protein does not colocalize with RNA Pol II on salivary gland polytene chromosomes, suggesting a possible role for ISWI in transcriptional repression. These findings reveal novel functions for the ISWI ATPase and underscore its importance in chromatin remodeling in vivo.

关键词：乙酰化作用腺苷三磷酸酶类/遗传学腺苷三磷酸酶类/分离和提纯腺苷三磷酸酶类/代谢细胞存活染色质/超微结构染色体/超微结构 DNA结合蛋白质类果蝇属/解剖学和组织学果蝇属/胚胎学果蝇属/遗传学果蝇蛋白质类常染色质荧光抗体技术基因表达基因必要异染色质/超微结构同源盒结构域蛋白质类/分离和提纯同源盒结构域蛋白质类/代谢有丝分裂突变表型转录因子/遗传学转录因子/分离和提纯转录因子/代谢 X染色体/超微结构动物女(雌)性男(雄)性

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Sp1 binding is critical for promoter assembly and activation of the MCP-1 gene by tumor necrosis factor

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JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 2000年第3期275卷 1708-1714页

作者： Ping, DS Boekhoudt, G Zhang, FP Morris, A Philipsen, S Warren, ST Boss, JM Emory Univ Sch Med Dept Microbiol & Immunol Atlanta GA 30322 USA Emory Univ Sch Med Dept Biochem Atlanta GA 30322 USA Emory Univ Sch Med Howard Hughes Med Inst Atlanta GA 30322 USA Erasmus Univ Dept Cell Biol Ctr Med Genet Rotterdam Netherlands

The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene (MCP-1) is induced by the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor through the coordinate assembly of an NF-kappa B-dependent distal regulatory region and a proximal region that has been suggested to bind Spl as well as other factors. To provide a genetic correlation for Spl activity in this system, a cell line homozygous for a targeted truncation of the Spl gene was derived and examined. We found that the lack of Spl binding activity resulted in the inability of both the distal and proximal regions to assemble in vivo even though the binding of NF-kappa B to distal region DNA was unaffected in vitro. We also found that Spl and NF-kappa B were the minimal mammalian transcription factors required for efficient activity when transfected into Drosophila Schneider cells. Additionally, Sp3 was able to compensate for Spl in the Drosophila tissue cell system but not in the Sp1(-/-) cell line suggesting that Spl usage is site-specific and is likely to depend on the context of the binding site. Together, these data provide genetic and biochemical proof for Spl in regulating the MCP-I gene.

关键词： 3T3细胞碱基序列印迹法 RNA 细胞系趋化因子CCL2/遗传学趋化因子CXCL10 趋化因子 CXC/代谢 DNA足迹法 DNA结合蛋白质类/生理学果蝇属/遗传学基因表达调控小鼠近交BALBC 分子序列数据诱变 NF-κB/代谢启动区遗传蛋白质结合蛋白激酶类/生理学重组蛋白质类/代谢时间因素转染肿瘤坏死因子α/代谢动物小鼠

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Increased steady state mRNA levels of the STM and KNAT1 homeobox genes in cytokinin overproducing Arabidopsis thaliana indicate a role for cytokinins in the shoot apical meristem

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PLANT JOURNAL 1999年第5期18卷 557-563页

作者： Rupp, HM Frank, M Werner, T Strnad, M Schmülling, T Univ Tubingen Ctr Plant Mol Biol ZMBP D-72076 Tubingen Germany Palacky Univ CZ-78371 Olomouc Czech Republic Inst Expt Biol Lab Growth Regulators CZ-78371 Olomouc Czech Republic

This study investigates the consequences of endogenously enhanced biosynthesis of the plant hormone cytokinin in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Transcriptional control of the bacterial ipt gene by the Drosophila melanogaster hsp70 promoter enabled temperature-dependent increased cytokinin production in transgenic plants. Heat-treated plants accumulated higher levels of unbound and bound zeatin-type cytokinins, the latter being preferentially N-conjugated glucosides. Cytokinin overproduction significantly increased the biomass of seedlings. Ipt transgenics had higher steady state mRNA levels of the shoot meristem specifying homeobox genes KNAT1 and STM, similar to the cytokinin-overproducing shoot meristem mutant amp1 (hpt, cop2, pt). This finding, together with previously described phenotypic similarities between transgenic cytokinin-overproducing plants and plants overexpressing the KNAT1 or KN1 genes, suggests that these factors act on the same pathway. We hypothesize that cytokinins act upstream of KNAT1 and STM. The influence of cytokinins on homeobox genes provides a link between the hormone and the developmental genes and indicates a role for cytokinins in the shoot apical meristem.

关键词：烷基和芳基转移酶类/生物合成烷基和芳基转移酶类/遗传学拟南芥属拟南芥蛋白质类细胞激肽类/代谢果蝇属/遗传学基因表达调控植物基因同源盒热休克反应/遗传学同源盒结构域蛋白质类/生物合成分生组织/解剖学和组织学分生组织/生理学表型植物蛋白质类/生物合成植物芽/解剖学和组织学植物芽/生理学植物基因修饰 RNA 信使/分析 RNA 植物/分析动物

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Nitric oxide contributes to behavioral, cellular, and developmental responses to low oxygen in Drosophila

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CELL 1999年第1期98卷 105-114页

作者： Wingrove, JA O'Farrell, PH Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Biochem & Biophys San Francisco CA 94143 USA

A nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP (cGMP) signaling pathway is thought to play an important role in mammalian vasodilation during hypoxia. We show that Drosophila utilizes components of this pathway to respond to hypoxia. Hypoxic exposure rapidly induced exploratory behavior in larvae and arrested the cell cycle. These behavioral and cellular responses were diminished by an inhibitor of NO synthase and by a polymorphism affecting a form of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Conversely, these responses were induced by ectopic expression of NO synthase. Perturbing components of the NO/cGMP pathway altered both tracheal development and survival during prolonged hypoxia. These results indicate that NO and protein kinase G contribute to Drosophila's ability to respond to oxygen deprivation.

关键词：衰老厌氧生活细胞周期/生理学环GMP/生理学环GMP依赖性蛋白激酶类/遗传学环GMP依赖性蛋白激酶类/代谢果蝇属/遗传学果蝇属/生长和发育果蝇属/生理学探究行为/生理学幼虫一氧化氮/生理学一氧化氮合酶/代谢多态现象遗传蛋白激酶类/代谢信号传导动物

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Expression and functional characterization of a Drosophila neuropeptide precursor with homology to mammalian preprotachykinin A

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JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 2000年第30期275卷 23273-23280页

作者： Siviter, RJ Coast, GM Winther, ÅME Nachman, RJ Taylor, CAM Shirras, AD Coates, D Isaac, RE Nässel, DR Univ Leeds Sch Biol Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England Univ Lancaster Dept Biol Sci Lancaster LA1 4YQ England Univ Stockholm Dept Zool S-10691 Stockholm Sweden USDA So Plains Agr Res Ctr College Stn TX 77845 USA Univ London Birkbeck Coll Dept Biol London WC1E 7HX England

Peptides structurally related to mammalian tachykinins have recently been isolated from the brain and intestine of several insect species, where they are believed to function as both neuromodulators and hormones. Further evidence for the signaling role of insect tachykinin-related peptides was provided by the cloning and characterization of cDNAs for two tachykinin receptors from Drosophila melanogaster. However, no endogenous ligand has been isolated for the Drosophila tachykinin receptors to date. Analysis of the Drosophila genome allowed us to identify a putative tachykinin-related peptide prohormone (prepro-DTK) gene. A 1.5-kilobase pair cDNA amplified from a Drosophila head cDNA library contained an 870-base pair open reading frame, which encodes five novel Drosophila tachykinin-related peptides (called DTK peptides) with conserved C-terminal FXGXR-amide motifs common to other insect tachykinin-related peptides. The tachykinin-related peptide prohormone gene (Dtk) is both expressed and post-translationally processed in larval and adult midgut endocrine cells and in the central nervous system, with midgut expression starting at stage 17 of embryogenesis. The predicted Drosophila tachykinin peptides have potent stimulatory effects on the contractions of insect gut. These data provide additional evidence for the conservation of both the structure and function of the tachykinin peptides in the brain and gut during the course of evolution.

关键词：碱基序列 DNA 互补果蝇属/遗传学果蝇蛋白质类哺乳动物分子序列数据蛋白质前体/化学蛋白质前体/遗传学蛋白质前体/代谢序列同源性氨基酸速激肽类/化学速激肽类/遗传学速激肽类/代谢动物

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Chemosensory behavior: the path from stimulus to response

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CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY 1999年第6期9卷 766-771页

作者： Lessing, D Carlson, JR Yale Univ Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol New Haven CT 06520 USA

In the past year, candidates have been identified for two long sought classes of molecules, insect odorant receptors and mammalian taste receptors. In addition, genes directing receptor gene expression and the development of specific chemosensory neurons have been described in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Finally, recent physiological experiments have provided new insights into the mechanisms by which chemosensory information is processed.

关键词：脑/生理学新小杆线虫漂亮/遗传学新小杆线虫漂亮/生理学化学感受器/生理学果蝇属/遗传学果蝇属/生理学神经元传入/生理学感觉/生理学信号传导/生理学动物

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Plant interstitial telomere motifs participate in the control of gene expression in root meristems

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PLANT JOURNAL 1999年第5期20卷 553-561页

作者： Tremousaygue, D Manevski, A Bardet, C Lescure, N Lescure, B INRA CNRS Lab Biol Mol Relat Plantes Microorganismes F-31326 Castanet Tolosan France

The promoters of Arabidopsis eEF1A genes contain a telomere motif, the telo-box, associated with an activating sequence, the tef-box. Database searches indicated the presence of telo-boxes in the 5' region of numerous genes encoding components of the translational apparatus. By using several promoter constructs we demonstrate that the telo-box is required for the expression of a beta-glucoronidase gene in root primordia of transgenic Arabidopsis. This effect was observed when a telo-box was inserted upstream or downstream from the transcription initiation site, and occurred in synergy with the tef-box. These results clearly indicate that interstitial telomere motifs in plants are involved in control of gene expression. South-western screening of a lambda ZAP library with a double-stranded Arabidopsis telomere motif resulted in characterization of a protein related to the conserved animal protein Pur alpha. The possibility of a regulation process similar to that achieved by the Rap1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is discussed.

关键词：氨基酸序列拟南芥属/遗传学拟南芥属/生理学染色体/遗传学果蝇属/遗传学基因表达调控植物葡糖醛酸糖苷酶/化学葡糖醛酸糖苷酶/遗传学葡糖醛酸糖苷酶/代谢分生组织/生理学分子序列数据植物根/生理学植物基因修饰启动区遗传序列比对序列同源性氨基酸端粒/遗传学动物人类

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A steroid-triggered transcriptional hierarchy controls salivary gland cell death during Drosophila metamorphosis

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MOLECULAR CELL 2000年第3期5卷 445-455页

作者： Jiang, CA Lamblin, AFJ Steller, H Thummel, CS Univ Utah Dept Human Genet Howard Hughes Med Inst Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA MIT Dept Biol Howard Hughes Med Inst Cambridge MA 02139 USA

The steroid hormone ecdysone signals the stage-specific programmed cell death of the larval salivary glands during Drosophila metamorphosis. This response is preceded by an ecdysone-triggered switch in gene expression in which the diap2 death inhibitor is repressed and the reaper (rpr) and head involution defective (hid) death activators are induced. Here we show that rpr is induced directly by the ecdysonereceptor complex through an essential response element in the rpr promoter. The Broad-Complex (BR-C) is required for both rpr and hid transcription, while E74A is required for maximal levels of hid induction. diap2 induction is dependent on beta FTZ-F1, while E75A and E75B are each sufficient to repress diap2. This study identifies transcriptional regulators of programmed cell death in Drosophila and provides a direct link between a steroid signal and a programmed cell death response.

关键词：细胞凋亡/遗传学 DNA结合蛋白质类/代谢二聚作用果蝇属/胚胎学果蝇属/遗传学果蝇蛋白质类蜕皮激素/药理学 fushitarazu转录因子类基因表达调控发育期同源盒结构域蛋白质类凋亡抑制蛋白质类昆虫蛋白质类/遗传学昆虫蛋白质类/代谢变态生物学神经肽类/遗传学肽类/遗传学受体胞质和核受体类固醇/代谢反应元件涎腺/细胞学信号传导类固醇生成因子1 转录因子/代谢转录遗传动物

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Rapid evolution of a geographic cline in size in an introduced fly

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SCIENCE 2000年第5451期287卷 308-309页

作者： Huey, RB Gilchrist, GW Carlson, ML Berrigan, D Serra, L Univ Washington Dept Zool Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Barcelona Dept Genet Barcelona 08071 Spain

The introduction and rapid spread of Drosophila subobscura in the New-World two decades ago provide an opportunity to determine the predictability and rate of evolution of a geographic cline. In ancestral Old World populations, wing length increases clinally with latitude, in North American populations, no wing length cline was detected one decade after the introduction. After two decades, however, a cline has evolved and largely converged on the ancestral cline. The rate of morphological evolution on a continental scale is very fast, relative even to rates measured within local populations. Nevertheless, different wing sections dominate the New versus Old World clines. Thus, the evolution of geographic variation in wing length has been predictable, but the means by which the cline is achieved is contingent.

关键词：生物进化果蝇属/解剖学和组织学果蝇属/遗传学欧洲地理学北美洲性征时间因素动物女(雌)性男(雄)性

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