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Psychrotrophic clostridia causing spoilage in cooked meat and poultry products

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 1999年第7期62卷 766-772页

作者： Kalinowski, RM Tompkin, RB Armour Swift Eckrich Prod Dev Lab Downers Grove IL 60515 USA

Certain types of commercially produced noncured turkey breast and roast beef are precooked in situ, stored at 4 degrees C or below, and typically given use by dates of greater than 50 days. While of rare, sporadic occurrence, an unpleasant spoilage characterized by strong H2S odor and gas production has been observed in these products. This spoilage is due to the growth of psychrotrophic anaerobic sporeformers. Isolates from roast beef resemble Clostridium laramie while isolates from uncured turkey have been designated C. ctm for cooked turkey meat. The turkey breast isolates were characterized by temperature growth ranges, carbohydrate fermentations, and other biochemical reactions. Growth of all isolates was inhibited in broth media by 3.0% NaCl, 100 ppm nitrite, 2.0% sodium lactate, or 0.2% sodium diacetate. Inoculated studies were performed with three isolates in cooked turkey product. All three isolates grew and spoiled product at 10 and 3.3 degrees C, and one isolate grew at 0.5 and -3 degrees C. Some differences in growth were observed with the lactate and diacetate treatments in turkey meat among the three isolates. One isolate appeared to utilize the lactate, two were inhibited. Overall, 0.1% diacetate consistently delayed growth, although to different degrees, for all isolates.

关键词：梭菌属/分离和提纯肉/微生物学家禽产品/微生物学火鸡动物牛

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Intestinal toxemia botulism in two young people, caused by Clostridium butyricum type E

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CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1999年第6期29卷 1381-1387页

作者： Fenicia, L Franciosa, G Pourshaban, M Aureli, P Ist Super Sanita Natl Reference Ctr Botulism Food Microbiol Lab I-00161 Rome Italy

Two unconnected cases of type E botulism involving a 19-year-old woman and a 9-year-old child are described. The hospital courses of their illness were similar and included initial acute abdominal pain accompanied by progressive neurological impairment. Both patients were suspected of having appendicitis and underwent laparotomy, during which voluminous Meckel's diverticula were resected. Unusual neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum strains that produced botulinum-like toxin type E were isolated from the feces of the patients. These isolates were genotypically and phenotypically identical to other neurotoxigenic C. butyricum strains discovered in Italy in 1985-1986. No cytotoxic activity of the strains that might explain the associated gastrointestinal symptoms was demonstrated, The clinical picture of the illness and the persistence of neurotoxigenic clostridia in the feces of these patients suggested a colonization of the large intestine, with in vivo toxin production. The possibility that Meckel's diverticulum may predispose to intestinal toxemia botulism may warrant further investigation.

关键词：抗菌药/药理学抗菌药/治疗应用肉毒毒素类/分析梭菌属/药物作用梭菌属/分离和提纯梭菌感染/并发症梭菌感染/药物疗法梭菌感染/微生物学粪便/微生物学肠疾病/药物疗法肠疾病/病因学肠疾病/微生物学微生物敏感性试验毒血症/并发症毒血症/药物疗法毒血症/微生物学成年人儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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HEALTH ASPECTS OF RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTES BY FEEDING

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JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 1975年第6期40卷 1267-1276页

作者： FONTENOT, JP WEBB, KE VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV DEPT ANIM SCIBLACKSBURGVA 24061

Approximately 1.6 billion tons of animal wastes are produced annually in the United States. Since a large portion of the wastes is from animals managed under intensive systems, the wastes must be handled in a manner which will cause minimum risk to human health and comfort. The wastes possess substantial nutritional value. Satisfactory performance was obtained when these were fed to farm animals and the taste of meat, milk and eggs has not been adversely *** by feeding the wastes is not sanctioned by F.D.A. due to potential hazards from pathogens and drug residues. No indication has been obtained of harmful effects in humans consuming meat, milk and eggs from animals fed waste. The only documented evidence of deleterious effect on animal health from feeding animal wastes was copper toxicity in sheep fed broiler litter containing high levels of copper. This is not a serious problem with other farm animals since they are not as sensitive to high dietary copper.

关键词：流产兽医学/化学诱导黄曲霉毒素类/生物合成动物饲料抗菌药/分析砷/毒性镉/分析念珠菌属/分离和提纯牛疾病/化学诱导梭菌属/分离和提纯铜/毒性乙底酚/毒性肠杆菌科/分离和提纯大肠杆菌/分离和提纯粪便/分析农药残留量/分析家禽沙门菌属/分离和提纯绵羊绵羊疾病/化学诱导尿/分析动物牛女(雌)性人类妊娠

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BACTERIAL STUDIES OF CLINDAMYCIN-ASSOCIATED COLITIS - PRELIMINARY REPORT

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GASTROENTEROLOGY 1975年第2期69卷 352-358页

作者： MARR, JJ SANS, MD TEDESCO, FJ WASHINGTON UNIV SCH MEDDEPT MICROBIOLST LOUISMO 63110 WASHINGTON UNIV SCH MEDDEPT PATHOLST LOUISMO 63110 WASHINGTON UNIV SCH MEDDEPT MEDST LOUISMO 63110 BARNES HOSP ST LOUISMO 63110

The cause of pseudomembraneous colitis is not known but has been attributed to an alteration in the microbial flora of the colon. To test this hypothesis, a blind, prospective study was undertaken in which fecal samples were cultured quantitatively for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The patients from which these samples were taken were all receiving clindamycin and had diarrhea secondary to the use of the drug. We were able to show definite differences in the colonic microflora which correlated with the presence of pseudomembranes on biopsy. Those patients who had diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis showed a striking decrease, both quantitatively and qualitatively, in the number of anaerobes present. Those patients who had diarrhea but no pseudomembranes had large numbers of anaerobes which qualitatively approximated normal fecal cultures but quantitatively were fewer in number. A third group of patients, which had resolving pseudomembranous colitis, and were no longer symptomatic, had large numbers of anaerobic organisms which approximated those found in normal fecal cultures. There were no differences among the three groups with regard to facultative anaerobic microflora. Thus, the presence of pseudomembranous colitis correlated directly with a striking quantitative and qualitative decrease in the anaerobic microflora of the colon. The symptom of diarrhea alone appeared to have no meaning with regard to changes in the bacterial flora. Resolution of pseudomembranous colitis was associated with a return of the anaerobic microflora.

关键词：拟杆菌属/分离和提纯克林霉素/治疗应用梭菌属/分离和提纯结肠炎/化学诱导结肠炎/微生物学腹泻/化学诱导大肠杆菌/分离和提纯真细菌属/分离和提纯梭杆菌属/分离和提纯克雷伯菌肺炎/分离和提纯变形杆菌属/分离和提纯变形杆菌奇异/分离和提纯链球菌属/分离和提纯韦荣球菌属/分离和提纯人类

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ERYTHROCYTE POLYAGGLUTINATION SHOWING PROPERTIES OF BOTH T AND TK, PROBABLY INDUCED BY BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS INFECTION

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VOX SANGUINIS 1975年第4期28卷 314-317页

作者： INGLIS, G BIRD, GWG MITCHELL, AAB MILNE, GR WINGHAM, J REG BLOOD TRANSF SERV BIRMINGHAMENGLAND GLASGOW & W SCOTLAND BLOOD TRANSF SERV LAW HOSPCARLUKE ML8 5ESSCOTLAND LAW HOSP CARLUKE DEPT BACTERIOLCARLUKESCOTLAND

A new type of polyagglutination is described in which the T and Tk receptors are both exposed on the erythrocyte membrane. It is suggested that there may be an association between this type of polyagglutination and in... 详细信息

关键词：脓肿/外科学拟杆菌属/免疫学拟杆菌属/分离和提纯拟杆菌感染/免疫学结合部位抗体血液/微生物学血型抗原菠萝蛋白酶类梭菌属/分离和提纯结肠造口术红细胞/免疫学大肠杆菌/分离和提纯血凝集外源凝集素类女(雌)性人类中年人

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Clostridial bacteremia in the community hospital

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SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2000年第1期32卷 27-30页

作者： Haddy, RI Nadkarni, DD Mann, BL Little, DR Domers, TD Clover, RD Silvers, MJ Univ Louisville Sch Med Dept Family & Community Med Louisville KY 40292 USA Wright State Univ Sch Med Dept Family Med Dayton OH USA Univ Florida Coll Med Dept Community Hlth & Family Med Gainesville FL USA

Anaerobic infections are not commonly studied in the community hospital. The aim of this study was to determine demographic factors, the portals of entry and underlying disorders for clostridial bacteremia and to determine whether appropriate (recommended) treatment is effective, Medical records mere reviewed for 42 patients with clostridial bacteremia at 1 Florida, USA, hospital and 4 Dayton, Ohio, USA, hospitals. Fourteen (33.3%) of the patients had clostridial micro-organisms that were isolated in cultures with polymicrobial isolates, Only about half of the patients had fever at the onset of their bacteremia and only slightly more than half had elevated leukocyte counts. The most common portals of entry for the micro-organisms were gastrointestinal (42.9%), unknown (35.7%) and skin (16.7%), The most common underlying disorders were advanced malignancy (31.0%), diabetes mellitus (14.3%), none determined (12.0%) and acute cholecystitis (9.5%). The mortality rate was 23.8%. Timely appropriate treatment was started in only about half of the instances, Appropriate (recommended) treatment did not significantly affect survival (p = 0.469). Clostridial infections and bacteremia exist in the community hospital most commonly in severely ill patients. The fact that clostridia are commonly cultured in blood cultures positive for other bacterial pathogens and that appropriate treatment for clostridia did not affect patient survival, call into question the significance and pathogenicity of clostridial organisms. On the other hand, if clostridial bacteremia was not considered in half these patients with bacteremia, it is possible that more indolent clostridial infections are being overlooked.

关键词：急性病抗菌药/治疗应用菌血症/流行病学菌血症/微生物学菌血症/治疗胆囊炎/并发症梭菌属/分离和提纯梭菌感染/流行病学梭菌感染/微生物学梭菌感染/治疗糖尿病并发症消化系统医院社区/统计学和数值数据纵向研究多中心研究(主题) 肿瘤/并发症皮肤存活率治疗结果美国/流行病学青少年成年人老年人老年人 80以上女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Bacteria associated with butterfly stain of Chilean tepa

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CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第2期40卷 86-90页

作者： McLemore, JB Tainter, FH McElreath, SD Clemson Univ Dept Forest Resources Clemson SC 29634 USA

Butterfly stain, common in Chilean tepa (Laureliopsis philippiana [Looser] Schodde) trees, appears in cross-section of the stem as a series of partially overlapping orange-brown arcs that in early stages resembles a butterfly. Bacterial isolates from stained tepa wood samples cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were identified using several commercially available identification systems. Pseudomonas sp. were most common in the cultures handled aerobically, and Clostridium sp. were found in the cultures handled anaerobically. A pectinolytic Bacillus sp. and a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that emitted a strong naphthalene-like odor similar to that of stained wood were also isolated. Not all isolates could be identified. This is the first report of Clostridium from tepa.

关键词：不动杆菌属/生长和发育不动杆菌属/分离和提纯细菌需氧/生长和发育细菌需氧/分离和提纯细菌厌氧/生长和发育细菌厌氧/分离和提纯智利梭菌属/生长和发育梭菌属/分离和提纯集落计数微生物色素类生物学假单胞菌属/生长和发育假单胞菌属/分离和提纯树/微生物学

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Sarcina-like bacteria, Clostridium fallax and Clostridium sordellii in lambs with abomasal bloat, haemorrhage and ulcers

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JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY 2000年第2-3期122卷 193-200页

作者： Vatn, S Tranulis, MA Hofshagen, M Norwegian Sch Vet Sci Dept Sheep & Goat Res N-4325 Sandnes Norway Natl Vet Inst Sect Bacteriol N-0033 Oslo Norway

A study of abomasal disease in lambs aged 2-5 weeks, made during the period 1993-1998, included 67 cases and 45 non-affected controls. Gross pathological findings included various combinations of bloat, haemorrhage and ulcers in the abomasum. Sarcina-like bacteria were found in sections and smears from the abomasum of 79% (53/67) of the cases. From one case, a lamb with abomasal bloat, the anaerobic "packet"-forming Sarcina ventriculi was cultivated from the abomasal contents and identified by biochemical reactions and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Sarcina-like bacteria were observed microscopically in specimens from 94% (44/47) of the lambs with abomasal gas and in 45% (9/20) of those with ulcers or haemorrhage or both but little gas. On culture, abomasal contents from 41 cases yielded Clostridium fallax from 16 (39%) and Clostridium sordellii from eight (20%);abomasal cultures from 30 control lambs were negative for the three bacterial species. Quantitative cultivation, carried out on abomasal contents from live lambs and lambs dead less than or equal to 3 h, showed that Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus spp. were present in the majority of both cases and controls, with no significant differences in the mean numbers. (C) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

关键词：皱胃/微生物学皱胃/病理学细菌/遗传学细菌/分离和提纯细菌感染/微生物学细菌感染/兽医学细菌学技术梭菌属/分离和提纯梭菌产气荚膜/分离和提纯 DNA 细菌/化学 DNA 细菌/遗传学大肠杆菌/分离和提纯乳杆菌属/分离和提纯分子序列数据消化性溃疡/微生物学消化性溃疡/兽医学消化性溃疡出血/微生物学消化性溃疡出血/兽医学 RNA 核糖体 16S/化学 RNA 核糖体 16S/遗传学八迭球菌/遗传学八迭球菌/分离和提纯序列分析 DNA 绵羊绵羊疾病/微生物学绵羊疾病/病理学动物女(雌)性男(雄)性

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Gas gangrene in an immunocompromised girl due to a Clostridium ramosum infection

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CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1999年第4期28卷 923-924页

作者： van der Vorm, ER von Rosenstiel, IA Spanjaard, L Dankert, J Acad Med Ctr Dept Med Microbiol NL-1100 DD Amsterdam Netherlands Acad Med Ctr Dept Pediat NL-1100 DD Amsterdam Netherlands

Describes the occurrence of gas gangrene in an immunocompromised patient with an infection due to Clostridium ramosum. Details of clinical characteristics of the patient; Results of medical examinations; Treatment.

关键词：梭菌属/分离和提纯梭菌感染/微生物学致命性结局气性坏疽/微生物学免疫减弱宿主中性粒细胞减少/并发症儿童女(雌)性人类

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难辨梭菌检出的临床意义

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中华老年医学杂志 1991年第3期10卷 177页

作者：张秀珍陈伟北京医院检验科　北京市，100730

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