在全髋关节置换术中,假体一骨界面处的微动影响着假体的长期生存率。通常使用固定在假体和骨骼上的传感器来对这些微动进行测定,这些传感器一般位于远离界面的位置。由于假体一骨系统并非刚性,所以这种做法可能产生误差。虽然对上述误差的具体数值无法通过目前的试验进行评估,但可以通过有限元分析法(finite element method,FEM)进行研究。界面上的实际微动与试验条件下测得的微动并不一致,针对这一假设,使用特定的(已得到验证的偏转实验)有限元模型进行检验。采用有限元模型模拟出一个“试验”方法来对微动进行测量。通过模拟测定点之间的距离来实现这一“试验”方法;假体的测定点选在界面上,而骨的测定点则选在骨的外表面上。结果显示:使用界面上的点和使用远距离的参照点进行计算时,获得的微动结果之间没有相关性。此外,采用后一种方法计算得到的微动明显更大。缩短参照点之间的距离,则误差减小,但相关性不变。如使用距实际界面尚有一段距离的骨性参照点的微动测定系统,则必须谨慎解读结果。
Some polarity terms of two groups of nitrogen-containing surfactants (six alkanolamides and nine polyoxyethylenated long chain amines) are measured through gas chromatography. The apparent methanol carbon number (CM...
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Some polarity terms of two groups of nitrogen-containing surfactants (six alkanolamides and nine polyoxyethylenated long chain amines) are measured through gas chromatography. The apparent methanol carbon number (CMeOH) and polarity index (IP) values are determined on the investigated surfactants as stationary phases in packed columns. Similarly, CMeOH and IP values are determined on simulated hydrophobic tail (SHT) models. The obtained results reveal that the introduction of SHT approach permits the distinction between the polarities of different surfactants and their head groups. The measured polarity terms are discussed as related to hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) number and the hydrophobic group carbon number (RCN). Some equations relating the measured polarity values and these variable have been developed.
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