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Community-level firearm injury surveillance: Local data for local action

ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2001年第4期38卷 423-429页

作者： Kellermann, AL Bartolomeos, K Fuqua-Whitley, D Sampson, TR Parramore, CS Emory Univ Sch Med Dept Emergency Med Atlanta GA 30322 USA Emory Univ Rollins Sch Publ Hlth Ctr Injury Control Atlanta GA 30322 USA

In the United States, firearms are used to commit homicide more frequently than all other methods combined. According to the US Department of Justice, firearms are used to commit more than 1 million crimes each year. Despite the magnitude of this problem, little is known about the epidemiology of firearm crimes and assaults. Many states require medical personnel to report all nonfatal shootings to law enforcement, but the rate of compliance with this requirement is unknown. To enhance cooperation between community emergency departments and law enforcement agencies, we created a unified firearm injury notification system for the City of Atlanta, Georgia, and 5 surrounding counties: Fulton, DeKalb, Cobb, Gwinnett, and Clayton. Our findings are reported here.

关键词：急诊室医院火器/统计学和数值数据佐治亚/流行病学发病率损伤严重度评分法定报告人群监测危险性评估危险因素存活率分析市区人口创伤枪击/诊断创伤枪击/流行病学女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Homicide and suicide risks associated with firearms in the home: A national case-control study

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ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2003年第6期41卷 771-782页

作者： Wiebe, DJ Univ Calif Los Angeles Sch Publ Hlth Violence Prevent Res Grp Los Angeles CA 90024 USA

Study objective: I test the hypothesis that having a gun in the home is a risk factor for adults to be killed (homicide) or to commit suicide. Methods: Two case-control analyses were based on national samples of subjects 18 years of age or older. Homicide and suicide case subjects were drawn from the 1993 National Mortality Followback Survey. Living control subjects were drawn from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey. Ten control subjects matched by sex, race, and age group were sought for each case subject. Results: The homicide sample consisted of 1,720 case subjects and 8,084 control subjects. Compared with adults in homes with no guns, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for homicide was 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20 to 1.65) for adults with a gun at home and was particularly high among women (adjusted OR 2.72;95% CI 1.89 to 3.90) compared with men (adjusted OR 1.23;95% CI 1.01 to 1.49) and among nonwhite subjects (adjusted OR 1.74;95% CI 1.37 to 2.21) compared with white subjects (adjusted OR 1.27;95% CI 1.03 to 1.56). Further analyses revealed that a gun in the home was a risk factor for homicide by firearm means (adjusted OR 1.72;95% CI 1.40 to 2.12) but not by nonfirearm means (OR 0.83;95% CI 0.62 to 1.11). The suicide sample consisted of 1,959 case subjects and 13,535 control subjects. The adjusted OR for suicide was 3.44 (95% CI 3.06 to 3.86) for persons with a gun at home. However, further analysis revealed that having a firearm in the home was a risk factor for suicide by firearm (adjusted OR 16.89;95% CI 13.26 to 21.52) but was inversely associated with suicide by other means (adjusted OR 0.68;95% CI 0.55 to 0.84). Conclusion: Having a gun at home is a risk factor for adults to be shot fatally (gun homicide) or commit suicide with a firearm. Physicians should continue to discuss with patients the implications of keeping guns at home. Additional studies are warranted to address study limitations and to better understand the implications of firea

关键词：病例对照研究家庭特征火器/统计学和数值数据杀人/统计学和数值数据 Logistic模型比值比危险因素自杀/统计学和数值数据美国/流行病学青少年成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Three shots, two dead, five errors, one gun: A recipe for prevention?

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ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2001年第3期37卷 340-341页

作者： Hargarten, SW Med Coll Wisconsin Firearm Injury Ctr Milwaukee WI 53226 USA

[Hargarten SW. Three shots, two dead, five errors, one gun: a recipe for prevention? Ann Emerg Med . March 2001;37:340-341.]

关键词：事故预防事故/统计学和数值数据设备安全性火器/统计学和数值数据健康教育危险因素美国创伤枪击/死亡率创伤枪击/预防和控制人类

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Gun carrying among male adolescents as a function of gun ownership in the general population

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ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2003年第3期41卷 428-429页

作者： Wintemute, GJ Univ Calif Davis Med Ctr Violence Prevent Res Program Sacramento CA 95817 USA

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Driving-induced stress in urban college students

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PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS 2000年第2期90卷 437-443页

作者： Rasmussen, C Knapp, TJ Garner, L Univ Nevada Dept Psychol Las Vegas NV 89154 USA

Urban college student commuters (N = 407) were surveyed about their experiences with stress induced by driving. Of the participants 23.6% reported becoming angry at another driver more than once per day. They rated stress from other drivers as equal to the stress experienced during a college examination bur gave slightly lower ratings to traffic congestion, road construction, and finding a parking place as sources of stress. Slow drivers, a child not restrained, and a vehicle following too closely wc re thc highest rated annoying situations. Of participants, 21.6% had reported another driver to the police;nearly 22% said they carried a weapon for protection from other drivers (5.4% said a gun). Men were more than twice as likely as women to carry a weapon and three times as likely to carry a gun. Of the total sample, 19,1% feared being shot by another driver. Most participants (75.8%) said drivers were more aggressive and dangerous than they were five years ago.

关键词：汽车驾驶/心理学火器/统计学和数值数据社会条件应激心理学/病因学学生/心理学大学市区人口女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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