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INTERNATIONAL DENTAL JOURNAL 2000年第4期50卷 194-197页

作者： Zillén, PÅ Mindak, M FDI World Dent Federat London W1V 5RG England

Aims: To collect basic data regarding dental workforce and dental education in all countries of the world and to make this data available on the FDI's website. Method: A postal questionnaire survey. Sources of information: Member Associations of the FDI and governmental agencies. Results: Responses were received from 73 countries with a reported total number of dentists of 703,947. A comparison between the figures now reported and the figures published in 1990 shows that the total number of dentists in these countries has increased by 27.8 per cent over the ten year period. No correlation was found between the population per dentist figures and the GNP of the countries. in the reporting countries, there were 550 dental schools. A comparison between the figures now reported and the figures published in 1990 shows that the total number of dental schools in these countries has increased by 42.6 per cent over the ten year period. The total number of dental hygienists was reported to be 181,336 and the total number of dental technicians in these countries was reported to be 252,004.

关键词：人口统计学牙科辅助人员/统计学和数值数据牙科辅助人员/供应和分配牙医师/统计学和数值数据牙医师/供应和分配牙医师女/统计学和数值数据牙医师女/供应和分配教育牙科/统计学和数值数据因特网问卷调查专业牙科/统计学和数值数据女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Perceived risk of future pathology associated with pathology-free third molars: a comparison of oral and maxillofacial surgeons and family dentists

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BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL 2000年第1期188卷 28-31页

作者： Kostopoulou, O Brickley, MR Shepherd, JP Newcombe, RG Univ Wales Coll Med Dept Oral Surg Med & Pathol Clin Decis Res Grp Cardiff CF4 4XY S Glam Wales Univ Wales Coll Med Dept Med Comp & Stat Cardiff CF4 4XY S Glam Wales

Objective To examine and compare practitioners' judgements of risk of future pathology associated with pathology-free disease asymptomatic third molars. Subjects 10 oral and maxillofacial surgeons and 18 family dentists (90% male) with experience ranging from 5-28 years. Method Participants were presented with periapical radiographs of 36 asymptomatic, disease-free mandibular third molars and were informed of the age and sex of the patients and the degree of eruption of the third molars. Participants were asked to assess likelihood of future pathology in general, and more specifically, likelihood of root resorption, pericoronitis, periodontitis, cystic change and neoplasia if the third molar was left in situ. Results There was significant variation between the 28 raters but not between the two groups. Excepting assessment of future cystic change, there was no evidence that oral and maxillofacial surgeons and family dentists rated the 36 cases in consistently different ways. Conclusions Practitioners varied very considerably in their judgment of the risks of pathology associated with asymptomatic disease-free third molars. Specialisation, did not account for this variation.

关键词：方差分析家庭医学/统计学和数值数据开业医生牙科/统计学和数值数据磨牙第三/诊断显像观察者偏差预后放射摄影术危险因素外科口腔/统计学和数值数据牙疾病/诊断威尔士成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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A survey of general dental practitioners' postgraduate education activity and demand for extended modular postgraduate programmes.

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BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL 1999年第9期187卷 502-506页

作者： Ireland, RS Palmer, NO Bickley, SR Univ Liverpool Unit Dent Pub Hlth & Primary Dent Care Liverpool L3 5PS Merseyside England

The aim of this paper is to assess the level of involvement of general dental practitioners in postgraduate education and training, identify their speciality interests, preferred formal of course presentation and assess the potential demand for modular postgraduate programmes. A questionnaire analysis of a one in three random sample of general dental practitioners on Health Authority lists in the North West of England and North Wales was designed and carried aut. Out of a random sample of 799, 552 GDPs completed an anonymous questionnaire in 1998 which investigated their current postgraduate activity, the areas of specialist interest and their interest in extended modular postgraduate education courses with associated summative assessment. Fifty three percent of respondents attended more than four postgraduate sessions per year of whom the majority (59%) were in the 35-44 year old age group. 79% identified Section 63 courses as their first preference and 63% preferred mixed didactic and 'hands on' courses. Seventy five percent of respondents expressed an interest in attending modular programmes which might lead ta a postgraduate qualification. In conclusion, an enthusiasm to attend existing postgraduate courses was identified but a demand was also perceived for courses of longer duration possibly leading to additional pos,graduate qualifications.

关键词：成本及成本分析课程/统计学和数值数据教育牙科继续/经济学教育牙科继续/方法教育牙科继续/统计学和数值数据英格兰开业医生牙科/经济学开业医生牙科/教育开业医生牙科/统计学和数值数据旅行/统计学和数值数据威尔士成年人人类中年人

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Provision of dental general anaesthesia for extractions in child patients at two centres

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BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL 1999年第9期187卷 498-501页

作者： Holt, RD Al Lamki, S Bedi, R Dowey, JA Gilthorpe, M UCL Eastman Dent Hosp Dept Transcultural Oral Hlth London WC1X 8LD England Mancunian Community Hlth & NHS Trust Manchester M21 7RL Lancs England

Aim At two contrasting centres, to describe the provision of dental general anaesthesia (DGA) for simple non-surgical extractions in terms of the type of treatment provided, including the number of primary and permanent teeth extracted, and the characteristics of child patients attending in terms of their age group and gender. Design Retrospective analysis of hospital records. Method Data were drawn from records of services over a 12-month period in 1996/97 at: a) a London dental hospital (Centre 1), and b) in the community dental services inRochdale, Lancashire (Centre 2). Information was collated and analysed using the SPSS statistical software package. Results The majority of patients at both centres were aged less than 9 years. Almost one third (31%) of those seen at Centre 1 were below 5 years of age, but fewer of this age group were treated at Centre 2. Children aged 9 years or less had an average of 5.4 (SD = 3.0) primary teeth extracted at Centre 1 and 3.0 (SD = 2.0) at Centre 2. For permanent teeth, an average of 3.2 (SD = 1.2) and 2.7 (SD= 1.4) were extracted at Centres 1 and 2 respectively. Conclusions Both services were used primarily for the extraction of primary teeth although the services differed in the ages of patients who used them and in the numbers of teeth extracted. Numbers of patients attending the service at Centre 1 had declined over time but numbers of teeth extracted per child had increased.

关键词：麻醉牙科/统计学和数值数据麻醉全身/统计学和数值数据儿童口腔保健/统计学和数值数据牙列恒英格兰拔牙/统计学和数值数据牙乳青少年儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Use of theatre time for dentoalveolar operations under general anaesthesia

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2000年第4期38卷 331-334页

作者： Ogden, GR Kershaw, AE Hussein, I Dundee Dent Hosp & Sch Sect Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Dundee DD1 4HR Scotland

Efficient use of hospital resources is essential if waiting lists are to be reduced. We undertook this study because there seems to be little information on the use of theatre time for dentoalveolar surgery under general anaesthesia. The time taken for each sequence of events (from start of case, induction, operation to recovery, and so on) for each patient was recorded. Of the 30 lists examined, 22 lists (73%) finished on time or early, and 8 lists (27%) ran late, The time spent operating occupied less than 50% of theatre time available, The 'total time' for each case was increased (by about 10 minutes a patient) when a junior anaesthetist was anaesthetizing rather than a consultant. The overall time used per list was 79% with the remaining 21% of the list being 'unused', Where these lists did over-run, then this was usually because the operation took longer, although grade of anaesthetist was a factor. We identified several areas in which efficiency could be improved.

关键词：方差分析麻醉牙科/统计学和数值数据麻醉全身/统计学和数值数据临床工作能力牙医诊疗模式/统计学和数值数据效率治疗过程片断手术室/利用口腔外科手术/统计学和数值数据前瞻性研究统计学非参数作业完成和分析时间因素人类

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Antibiotic prescribing for dental conditions: general medical practitioners and dentists compared

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BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL 2000年第7期188卷 398-400页

作者： Anderson, R Calder, L Thomas, DW Univ Wales Coll Med Dept Oral Surg Med & Pathol Cardiff CF4 4XY S Glam Wales

Objective To compare the level of prescribing and types of antibiotics prescribed for dental problems by general medical practitioners and dentists. Design Secondary analysis of standard consultation data and prescription records from four different settings. Setting 30 participating general practices in the General Practice Morbidity Database for Wales in 1996. Subjects 1,185 attendances for tooth-related problems, at 30 participating practices in the General Practice Morbidity Database for Wales in 1996. Standard consultation records from a GDP emergency dental rota, and two weekend emergency dental clinics: one in a health centre, the other in a dental hospital. Results More than two thirds (68%) of attendances at general medical practices for tooth-related problems resulted in a prescription for antibiotics. In contrast less than a third (28%) of patients seen by a GDP rota, about half (52%) of patients at a weekend emergency clinic in a health centre, and just more than a third (38%) of patients attending the dental hospital clinic received antibiotics. General medical practitioners were also more likely to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics than dentists. Conclusion For acute dental problems general medical practitioners are more likely to prescribe antibiotics than dentists. There also appear to be inter-professional differences in the tendency to prescribe broad spectrum antibiotics. Initiatives to rationalise prescribing for dental conditions may need to target doctors as well as dentists.

关键词：抗菌药/治疗应用社区牙科学/统计学和数值数据数据库(主题) 牙科医院/统计学和数值数据药物处方/统计学和数值数据药物利用/统计学和数值数据急诊室医院/统计学和数值数据家庭医学/统计学和数值数据开业医生牙科/统计学和数值数据回顾性研究牙疾病/药物疗法威尔士人类

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Direct access day case oral surgery

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BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL 2000年第8期188卷 452-456页

作者： Joshi, A Doyle, L Worthington, HV Rood, JP Manchester Royal Infirm Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Manchester M13 9WL Lancs England Univ Manchester Dent Hosp Dept Dent Med & Surg Manchester M15 6FH Lancs England GKT Sch Dent London SE5 9RW England

Objective To compare the effectiveness of direct access referrals with standard letter referrals, and also assess the impact of the direct access system on the primary care provider, secondary sector and from the patients perspective. Design Surgical and anaesthetic guidelines were agreed and 12 general dental practitioners were recruited to participate in the study. Each practitioner was given 100 envelopes which contained randomly allocated 50 direct and 50 standard referrals. For direct referrals, GDPs completed a pre-operative assessment and obtained an operation date by telephone from the day case unit while the patient was in the surgery. The clinical history sheet was fared to the day unit and the radiographs posted. The only contact the patient had with the hospital was on the day of surgery. Standard referral patients were referred in the traditional way with a referral letter being sent to an out-patient clinic. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the direct referral system versus standard letter method were made via completion of questionnaires by the patients, dental practitioners, hospital clinicians, day case anaesthetist and co-ordinator. Setting The study was carried out over 2 years commencing in 1997 at the Oral Surgery Day Case Unit at Manchester Royal Infirmary. Results A greater number of direct access referrals (409;90%) were treated in comparison with (312;75%) standard referrals IP < 0.001). Eighty nine per cent of direct access records were adequate pre-operatively. More than 70% of dentists and hospital clinicians preferred the direct access referral method. Sixty-three per cent of standard letter patients were satisfied with their mode of referral compared with 87% of direct access patients. Conclusions Given appropriate guidelines dental practitioners are able to refer directly to oral surgery day case operation lists. This has proved to be the favoured method of referral for dental practitioners, the secondary sector and patients.

关键词：门诊外科手术/统计学和数值数据医务工作者的态度牙科医院/统计学和数值数据开业医生牙科/组织和管理开业医生牙科/统计学和数值数据口腔外科手术/统计学和数值数据病人满意度随机分配转诊和会诊/组织和管理转诊和会诊/统计学和数值数据外科口腔/组织和管理青少年成年人人类中年人

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Referral patterns and the referral system for oral surgery care. Part 1: General dental practitioner referral patterns

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BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL 2000年第3期188卷 142-145页

作者： Coulthard, P Kazakou, I Koron, R Worthington, HV Univ Manchester Dent Hosp Manchester M15 6FH Lancs England

Objective To investigate current GDP oral surgery referral patterns given the anticipated change since the introduction by the General Dental Council of the specialty of surgical dentistry. Design Postal questionnaire. Setting 400 GDPs in Greater Manchester. Results 84% participation rate. 69% of dentists made a referral because of anticipated difficulty of surgery and 49% because of the complex nature of the patients' medical history. Practitioners who had undergone some oral surgery postgraduate training were more likely to undertake more surgery in their practices (P < 0.01) and to refer more patients for specialist care (P < 0.05). While female practitioners rated their own surgical confidence less highly than male practitioners (P < 0.001), and younger practitioners less than their older colleagues (P > 0.05), there was no significant difference in the number ofreferrals made. Conclusion The most common reasons for referral were the anticipated difficulty of surgery and patient medical compromise. There was a wide variation between practitioners in the number of patients referred for specialist care, Postgraduate oral surgery training was identified as a factor contributing to this variation. Other practitioner variables, such as sex, experience and type of practice were not found to contribute.

关键词：教育牙科继续/统计学和数值数据英格兰开业医生牙科/组织和管理开业医生牙科/统计学和数值数据转诊和会诊/统计学和数值数据外科口腔/教育外科口腔/统计学和数值数据成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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SUPPLIER INDUCEMENT - ITS EFFECT ON DENTAL SERVICES IN NORWAY

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JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 1990年第4期9卷 483-491页

作者： GRYTTEN, J HOLST, D LAAKE, P UNIV OSLO MED STAT SECTN-0316 OSLO 3NORWAY

In many western countries, supply of dental services exceeds demand, mainly because of the marked reduction in the prevalence of dental diseases during the last 10–15 years. An important issue is whether dentists can counteract this fall in demand by stimulating increased demand and/or utilization for their services. Some evidence that this may be the case was found in the present study, in Norway. The results indicate that demand and utilization for dental services are influenced by supplier inducement.

关键词：聚类分析数据收集经济学牙科/统计学和数值数据评价研究(主题) 卫生服务需求/统计学和数值数据挪威诊疗工作管理牙科/经济学

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The practice of marketing by dentists

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Health Marketing Quarterly 1994年第1期12卷 72-96页

作者： Chandler, E. Wayne Weller, Ralph B. Lumpkin College of Business Eastern Illinois University Charleston IL 61920 United States

The attitudes and practices of dentists regarding the implementation of all the strategic variables in the marketing mix is examined. Factor analysis is used to reduce the data to five factors which are used to describe the attitudes and practices of dentists. The importance of using other marketing variables besides promotion is pointed out along with the implications for influencing dentists to take a broader strategic perspective in the development of their practice. © 1994 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词：医务工作者的态度牙医师/心理学牙医师/统计学和数值数据因素分析统计学卫生服务使用研究/统计学和数值数据美国中西部规划技术诊疗工作管理牙科/统计学和数值数据人类

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