Biomedical research plays a great part in promoting not only advances in scientific knowledge but also in thecontinuous flow of technological innovations in health care. One of the first conditions for the successful ...
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The French health system is a complex organization that has developed since 1945 as the result of a subtle combination of two fundamental principles: liberal medicine — the freedom of both the consumers and the produ...
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The French health system is a complex organization that has developed since 1945 as the result of a subtle combination of two fundamental principles: liberal medicine — the freedom of both the consumers and the producers of care, and solidarity — universal access to health care — embodied in a quasi-generalized system of health insurance (4).Today, this balance, to which the French are uncontestably dedicated, appears to be precarious. It has gradually become apparent that the financing system—80% of which is based on mandatory deductions and is intended to guarantee the balance between freedom of choice and universal access — is not consistent with the dynamic of health expenditures. The growing costs of care, as witnessed by the increase of health expenses as a percentage of total household expenses from 4.5% in 1950 to 13.3 in 1985, has led to increased state control over the health care system since 1975.
The role and the place of technology assessment, in relation to health policy making, are gradually changing. These changes have implications for the transfer of assessment findings to the parties involved in the proc...
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The role and the place of technology assessment, in relation to health policy making, are gradually changing. These changes have implications for the transfer of assessment findings to the parties involved in the process of policy making.
The validity of technology assessment may depend largely upon who performs the job, and when they get involved. The options are many. Industry may hire a small private laboratory to perform animal trials on a complete...
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The validity of technology assessment may depend largely upon who performs the job, and when they get involved. The options are many. Industry may hire a small private laboratory to perform animal trials on a completed device or drug; manufacturers may support their own in-house laboratories or even study beds; industry may contract with hospitals or private medical groups to evaluate a potential product. It is the thesis of this discussion that there is a different option which brings together the strengths of three often stubbornly independent institutions: industry, university-based investigators, and federal science granting agencies.
The purpose of this paper is to present an update on biomedical technology assessment activities from a United States perspective. In 1985, I described in detail (a) a primary vehicle for technology assessment—the Co...
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No European country (as far as the author knows) has a comprehensive strategy for technology assessment and implementation. Many countries undertake some aspects of such a strategy, but none cover all of them. Such a ...
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No European country (as far as the author knows) has a comprehensive strategy for technology assessment and implementation. Many countries undertake some aspects of such a strategy, but none cover all of them. Such a strategy would need to include the technical, clinical, economic and social evaluation of technologies, and the use of this information to set policies and to ensure that they are implemented. Despite the considerable differences in health systems financing and organization there is a surprising degree of similarity in the way we approach technology assessment; more variability exists in the mechanisms used to regulate and control the introduction and use of medical technologies.
There are many ongoing activities in the United States that can be characterized as strategies in technology assessment and implementation. A comprehensive strategy, however, is lacking. The richness and diversity of ...
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There are many ongoing activities in the United States that can be characterized as strategies in technology assessment and implementation. A comprehensive strategy, however, is lacking. The richness and diversity of the groups with a stake in technology assessment is in part responsible for the inability to move to a comprehensive strategy. Important conflicts within and across groups must be resolved before a comprehensive program of technology assessment can be put in place.
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