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Rhetoric or reality? The participation of disabled people in NGO planning

HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING 2000年第2期15卷 177-185页

作者： Flower, J Wirz, S UCL Inst Child Hlth Ctr Int Child Hlth London WC1N 1EH England

User involvement in planning is now well established in the fields of both health and development. This study looks at one particular client group, namely disabled people, and addresses the question: How do selected European-based international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) facilitate the participation of disabled people in their planning process? The study was exploratory in nature, using both quantitative and qualitative methods to answer the research question. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with 18 INGOs, which was supported by five semi-structured interviews and 20 'e-mail dialogues' with key informants. The findings indicate that the INGOs involve disabled people's organizations (DPOs) in their planning of services and projects in a variety of ways. Most commonly this is through sharing information with them, bur consulting them, including them in decision-making or supporting action initiated by them are other less frequent methods of involvement. INGOs with a specific disability focus involve disabled people in the ways described above more frequently than other INGOs. Although most INGOs regularly provide information and consult DPOs, if there is no assurance that ideas raised will be implemented, then there is no guarantee of DPOs' participation in the planning process of these INGOs. The focus of an INGO and the nature of its projects affect how disabled people are involved in planning, whereas the size of an INGO has little effect. INGOs thus far have failed to match their expressed intentions about participation, but as they help to strengthen DPOs, encourage their formation and move to make disability an issue that cuts across sectoral boundaries, INGOs are changing. There is still a lot of rhetoric about participation, but the participation of disabled people in the planning process of INGOs is a growing reality.

关键词：用户参与/统计学和数值数据用户参与/发展趋势决策组织残疾人/统计学和数值数据欧洲法国大不列颠健康计划/组织和管理国际机构/组织和管理私营部门/组织和管理问卷调查人类

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Surgery and community participation in a community-based programme in war situations

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TROPICAL DOCTOR 2000年第1期30卷 20-23页

作者： Makender, E Qasim, S Meo, G Alpha Civil Hosp Com Collaboraz Med Billing Sudan

The paper presents the results and the experience gained from three 'mass surgical interventions' conducted in the Alpha Civil Hospital, Billing in south Sudan in the period between October 1996 and November 1997. The results showed that surgical services can be provided safely and economically even under most difficult conditions provided professional experience plus community commitment and participation are there. Such interventions lead to the development of strong community self-reliance and willingness which are fundamental if the programme is to be sustained.

关键词：社区卫生服务/组织和管理用户参与/方法用户参与/统计学和数值数据救灾计划/组织和管理方案评价苏丹外科手术/方法外科手术/统计学和数值数据战争人类

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Identification of significant information sources in a health care coverage decision

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Health Marketing Quarterly 1990年第1-2期8卷 9-16页

作者： Thompson, Ann Marie Rao, C.P. Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL 60115 United States University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 United States

Using partial correlation analysis, this research identified the significant information sources in a health care coverage decision. The findings were used to make communication suggestions for the marketing of open a... 详细信息

关键词：用户参与/统计学和数值数据决策评价研究管理医疗规划/利用卫生服务使用研究/方法劝导交谈问卷调查美国

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Market segmentation for multiple option healthcare delivery systems an application of cluster analysis

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Journal of Ambulatory Care Marketing 1990年第2期3卷 101-112页

作者： Jarboe, Glen R. Gates, Roger H. McDaniel, Carl D. University of Texas Arlington United States

Healthcare providers of multiple option plans may be confronted with special market segmentation problems. This study demonstrates how cluster analysis may be used for discovering distinct patterns of preference for multiple option plans. The availability of metric, as opposed to categorical or ordinal, data provides the ability to use sophisticated analysis techniques which may be superior to frequency distributions and cross-tabulations in revealing preference patterns. © 1990 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词：聚类分析用户参与/统计学和数值数据数据收集决策人口统计学健康维护组织/利用管理医疗规划/利用卫生服务使用研究/统计学和数值数据优先提供医疗服务组织/利用美国

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Health marketing in the supermarket: Using prompting, product sampling, and price reduction to increase customer purchases of lower-fat items

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Health Marketing Quarterly 1997年第2期14卷 85-99页

作者： Paine-Andrews, Adrienne Francisco, Vincent T. Fawcett, Stephen B. Johnston, Judy Coen, Steve Work Group on Health Promotion & Community Development University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 4086 Dole Center United States Kansas LEAN Kansas Department of Health and Environment Wichita KS 67202 130 South Market 6th Floor United States Kansas Health Foundation Wichita KS 67202 309 East Douglas United States

Reducing purchase and consumption of higher-fat foods is an important health objective for the nation since these behaviors are associated with cardiovascular disease and some cancers. Public health agents attempt to promote health-related behaviors, such as purchases of lower-fat foods, by changing key features of relevant environments. This study examined the effects of a marketing intervention in a supermarket on customer purchases of lower-fat products. Customers of one store of a major supermarket chain participated in this study. Direct observations of customer purchases of lower-fat milk, salad dressings, and frozen desserts were conducted. The supermarket intervention consisted of prompting, product sampling, and price reduction (store coupons). Using an interrupted time series design with switching replications, we found low to moderate increases for the lower-fat counterparts of milk, frozen desserts, and salad dressing. The greatest increase in purchases was found with frozen desserts. Findings from this study suggest that prompting, product Sampling, and price reductions can increase customer purchases of some lower-fat products. Implications of these findings for the development and evaluation of health marketing interventions are discussed. © 1996 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词：广告(主题) 商业用户参与/统计学和数值数据膳食限制脂肪费用和收费食品偏食健康行为堪萨斯卫生服务使用研究公共卫生管理研究美国人类

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THE PRIVATE DEMAND FOR NURSING-HOME CARE

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JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 1989年第2期8卷 209-231页

作者： NYMAN, JA UNIV MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLISMN 55455 USA

The fact that many nursing home patients are mentally and physically disabled has led some observers to conclude that they represent irrational consumers who are incapable of disciplining the nursing home care markets. This assumption has, in turn, led policy makers to favor regulatory solutions to nursing home problems. This paper tests the accuracy of this assumption by estimating a demand equation for private nursing home patients. Evidence if found that the private patients' response to price and quality differences among nursing homes is generally systematic and consistent with expectations derived from a conventional constrained optimization model of their behavior. Such behavior is generally consistent with consumer rationality. Some implications for public policy are discussed.

关键词：用户参与/统计学和数值数据数据收集经济竞争评价研究费用和收费筹资个人卫生服务需求卫生服务研究模型理论医护疗养所/利用人口动力学卫生保健质量回归分析威斯康星老年人人类

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The challenge of marketing wellness programs to small versus large firm employees

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Health Marketing Quarterly 1996年第1期13卷 87-103页

作者： Andrus, David M. Paul, Robert Department of Management College of Business Administration Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506-0506 United States

The authors extend prior research by examining employee attitudes towards wellness programs among thirty-eight large and small companies in five slates. Program components that were considered to be most desirable by workers at different sized companies are identified in a series of regression models. The results indicate that different sized firms can emphasize general wellness and aerobic exercise programs during the design phase of employee wellness programs. However, employees at large companies were more interested in early detection programs than small firm employees. [Article copies available from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678.]. © 1995 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词：健康态度用户参与/统计学和数值数据保健福利计划雇员健康促进/组织和管理健康促进/利用卫生服务研究工业/统计学和数值数据似然函数卫生服务使用研究职业卫生服务/组织和管理职业卫生服务/利用问卷调查美国人类

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Musculoskeletal disorders and the consumption of disability products

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Health Marketing Quarterly 1999年第1期17卷 83-98页

作者： Elimimian, Jonathan U. Smith, Patricia A. Iluore, Augustine Department of Business & Economics Johnson C. Smith University Charlotte NC 28216 United States Department of Health & Physical Education Johnson C. Smith University Charlotte NC 28216 United States College of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90007 United States

Although consumers’ need assessment generally suggest that, what consumers need as products or services influence their consumption, little research on consumption of disability resources, relating to musculoskeletal disorders exists. However, most medical practitioners defined musculoskeletal disorders by symptoms or clinical disorders and other used self-report. The authors examined the effects of musculoskeletal disorders and ultimate consumption of specific products (orthopedic devices, medications), as well as the cost of surgical options (e.g., gastric reduction surgery). Emphasis was on product categories, such as disability devices and consumption of disability resources. The authors conclude that there are positive relationships between musculoskeletal disorders and consumption of disability products, either to maintain certain lifestyles or reduce pains and sufferings. Finally the authors discussed the advancement of marketing theory with musculoskeletal consumption analysis. Opportunity for further research in the area is enhanced and encouraged. © 1999 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词：日常生活活动用户参与/统计学和数值数据运动(Exercise) 腰痛卫生服务使用研究肌骨骼疾病/并发症肌骨骼疾病/病理生理学肌骨骼疾病/康复需求估价/统计学和数值数据肥胖症生产线管理/方法假体和植入物/经济学假体和植入物/供应和分配问卷调查吸烟美国成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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The effects of non-response on statistical inference

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Journal of Health and Social Policy 1996年第1期8卷 49-62页

作者： Jones, J. Ball State University

Surveys have been, and will most likely continue to be, the source of data for many empirical articles. Likewise, the difficulty of making valid statistical inferences in the face of missing data will continue to plague researchers. In an ideal situation, all potential survey participants would respond;in reality, the goal of an 80 to 90% response rate is very difficult to achieve. When nonresponse is systematic, the combination of low response rate and systematic differences can severely bias inferences that are made by the researcher to the population. It is important for the researcher to assess the potential causes of nonresponse and the differences between the observed values in the sample compared to what may have been gained if the sample was complete, particularly when the response rate is low. There are methods available that substitute imputed values for missing data, but these methods are useless if the researcher lacks knowledge of how the responders and nonresponders may differ. With regard to statistical inference, the researcher also should be aware of the difference between a convenient sample and a probability sample. Valid statistical inference assumes that the probability of characteristics observed in the sample bear some relationship to their occurrence in the population. For example, in a simple random sample each member of the accessible population has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample. A convenient sample lacks the statistical properties of a probability sample that allow the validity of its inferences to be assessed strictly from a mathematical framework. The context of the research and the type of data being gathered greatly affect the validity of any generalizations the researcher makes with regard to the population the convenient sample attempts to represent.

关键词：偏倚(流行病学) 用户参与/统计学和数值数据数据说明统计卫生保健调查/标准卫生保健调查/统计学和数值数据卫生服务研究/方法卫生服务研究/统计学和数值数据模型理论随机分配研究设计女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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The decision process for selecting a retirement community

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Journal of Ambulatory Care Marketing 1990年第2期3卷 87-99页

作者： Grubb, Ed L. Golda, Tony School of Business Administration Portland State University Portland OR 97207-0751 P.O. Box 751 United States Brim Enterprises Portland OR 97220 305 NE 102nd United States

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size

关键词：年龄因素用户参与/统计学和数值数据用户满意决策人口统计学老人疗养院/利用卫生服务使用研究婚姻性别因素时间因素美国老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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