BACKGROUND: Phthalocyanines are useful sensitizers for photodynamic sterilization of red cell concentrates. Various lipid-enveloped viruses can be inactivated with only limited red cell damage. Because white cells are...
详细信息
BACKGROUND: Phthalocyanines are useful sensitizers for photodynamic sterilization of red cell concentrates. Various lipid-enveloped viruses can be inactivated with only limited red cell damage. Because white cells are in involved in the immunomodulatory effects of blood transfusions, the study of the effect of photodynamic treatment on these cells is imperative. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: White cell-enriched red cell suspensions were photodynamically treated with either the hydrophobic Pc4 (HOSiPcOSi-(CH3)(2)(CH2)(3)N(GH(3))(2)) or water-soluble aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AIPCS(4)) under virucidal conditions. Viability of white cell subpopulations on Days 0, 1, and 4 after treatment was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting by flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide uptake. Apoptosis induction was studied by DNA ladder formation and staining for an early marker of apoptosis (annexin V). RESULTS: Treatment with Pc4 causes a significant decrease in cell viability of all white cells, as shown by prodidium iodide uptake. Monocytes and granulocytes are the most sensitive, and lymphocytes are relatively more resistant. Some of the cells die by apoptosis, which is induced within 30 minutes after treatment. Treatment with AIPCS(4) damages only monocytes;other cell populations are not affected. CONCLUSIONS: Physicochemical properties of the photosensitizers partly determine their effect on white cells. Differences in intracellular localization are likely to be responsible for the effects observed.
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a complex proliferative lesion long suspected of being dependent on exogenous paracrine signaling molecules to stimulate its proliferative, angiogenic, and inflammatory components. In part...
详细信息
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a complex proliferative lesion long suspected of being dependent on exogenous paracrine signaling molecules to stimulate its proliferative, angiogenic, and inflammatory components. In particular, both clinical and experimental observations have pointed to a potential role for inflammatory cytokines as permissive factors for KS development, but KS pathogenesis is also critically dependent on infection by an exogenous herpesvirus, the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). To examine the possible links between inflammatory cytokines and KSHV replication, we tested for the ability of such cytokines to induce lytic viral reactivation in the latently infected BCBL-1 cell line. lnterferon-gamma consistently activated KSHV replication, whereas tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor did not. Glucocorticoids also failed to induce lytic KSHV growth in these cells, bur: ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, induced replication and strongly augmented the known inductive effects of phorbol esters. Interferon-alpha had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on KSHV induction by ionomycin. The identification of interferon-gamma as an activator and interferon-alpha as an inhibitor of KSHV induction in vitro correlates well with in vivo observations and demonstrates for the first time that inflammatory cytokines can directly modulate KSHV replication. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
PURPOSE: To describe the possible association of latanoprost with herpetic dermatitis of the periocular skin, METHOD: Interventional case reports. A 79-year-old woman with open-angle glaucoma developed a vesicular der...
详细信息
PURPOSE: To describe the possible association of latanoprost with herpetic dermatitis of the periocular skin, METHOD: Interventional case reports. A 79-year-old woman with open-angle glaucoma developed a vesicular dermatitis of the left lower eyelid 14 months after starting latanoprost. therapy, An 84-year-old man with pigmentary glaucoma developed a vesicular dermatitis of the right upper lid after 2 months of treatment with latanoprost: and 8 days of treatment with tobramycin/ dexamethasone for presumed bacterial conjunctivitis. Ln both cases, the dermatitis was characteristic of a herpetic infection. RESULTS: Latanoprost was discontinued in both cases. The woman was treated with vidarabine 3% ointment,. and the man was not treated with antiviral agents. In both patients, the dermatitis healed uneventfully. The lesions of the man were cultured, and a biopsy was performed;herpes simplex virus type I was recovered from the culture and confirmed by immunofluorescence testing. CONCLUSION: Latanoprost, which has been associated with reactivation of herpetic keratitis, may also cause reactivation of herpetic dermatitis of the periocular skin. (Am J Ophthalmol 2001;132:114-116 (C) 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.).
Objective: To characterize cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who demonstrate immune recovery while receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), Design: ...
详细信息
Objective: To characterize cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who demonstrate immune recovery while receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), Design: Consecutive, noncomparative case series. Participants: Twenty-two HIV-positive patients, from two institutions, with a history of CMV retinitis, and with elevated CD4 cell counts after HAART. Main Outcome Measures: Duration of healed CMV retinitis without anti-CMV therapy, CD4 cell count, and HIV viral load. Intervention: Discontinuation of anti-CMV therapy after persistent elevation of CD4 cell count over 50 cell/mm(3) (median, 161/mm(3);range, 85-408/mm(3)). Results: The median period of healed CMV retinitis without anti-CMV therapy was 72 weeks (range, 33-116 weeks). Nineteen of 22 patients were still healed without anti-CMV therapy at study end. The three patients with CMV retinitis progression simultaneously had HAART, fail with CD4 cell counts of 37, 35, and 47/mm(3). Conclusions: HIV-positive patients with CMV retinitis, who demonstrate a sustained HAART-induced elevation of CD4 cell count on two consecutive counts 3 months apart and whose retinitis remains healed on anti-CMV therapy for greater than 4 months, are likely to remain healed if the anti-CMV therapy is withdrawn, It is important to monitor these patients with indirect ophthalmoscopy because HAART failure may occur and allow CMV retinitis reactivation. (C) 2000 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
As an exploratory investigation of antitumor promoting compounds, 3-O-acyl-(-)-epigallocatechins possessing a straight-, branched-, phenyl-inserted- or 1,4-phenylene-inserted-acyl chain of varying length from C-4 to C...
详细信息
As an exploratory investigation of antitumor promoting compounds, 3-O-acyl-(-)-epigallocatechins possessing a straight-, branched-, phenyl-inserted- or 1,4-phenylene-inserted-acyl chain of varying length from C-4 to C-18 were synthesized and evaluated their inhibitory effects against the activation of the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA). It was indicated that the epigallocatechin derivatives having the straight- or branchcd-acyl chain of C-8 to C-11 carbon atoms achieve marked effects. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
暂无评论