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Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of secondary school students in Nigeria according to the dental aesthetic index (DAI)

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INTERNATIONAL DENTAL JOURNAL 1999年第4期49卷 203-210页

作者： Otuyemi, OD Ogunyinka, A Dosumu, O Cons, NC Jenny, J lle-lfe Nigeria Ibadan Nigeria Davis USA [*]Faculty of Dentistry College of Health Sciences Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

The aims of this study were to measure the distribution, prevalence and the severity of malocclusion and treatment need amongst randomly selected (n=703) rural and urban Nigerian children aged 12-18 years (mean 14.0+/-1.84) using the dental aesthetic index (DAI), and to assess whether malocclusion was affected by age, gender and socio-economic background. Data were collected according to the method recommended by WHO. Most of the children (77.4 per cent) had a dental appearance which required no orthodontic treatment. Over 13 per cent fell into the group where treatment for malocclusion is considered to be 'elective'. However, a substantial proportion (9.2 per cent) of the population had severe to handicapping malocclusion where treatment is 'highly desirable' or 'mandatory'. There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in DAI scores between age groups, gender and socio-economic background. This study also found that Nigerian adolescents had better dental appearance and less orthodontic treatment need compared with the Caucasian and Oriental populations.

关键词：非洲大陆世系人群年龄因素亚洲大陆世系人群美学牙科欧洲大陆世系人群卫生服务需求/统计学和数值数据错|牙合|/分类错|牙合|/流行病学错|牙合|/治疗尼日利亚/流行病学正畸学矫正/统计学和数值数据患病率可重复性结果农村卫生/统计学和数值数据性别因素社会经济因素城市卫生/统计学和数值数据世界卫生组织青少年儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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An international comparison of early treatment of angle Class-II/1 cases. Skeletal effects of the first phase of a prospective clinical trial.

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Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kieferorthopädie 1999年第6期60卷 392-408页

作者： Ehmer, U. Tulloch, C.J. Proffit, W.R. Phillips, C. Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Germany

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has established an extensive randomized trial to evaluate early treatment of Class-II/1 cases. As presented in this part of the study, a German treatment group was selected in parallel, based on identical prospective criteria, in the context of international cooperation with the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster. One essential aspect of this study is the degree to which initially comparable groups can be established by careful alignment of selection criteria and of compilation and analysis of diagnostic records. Nine skeletal analysis parameters initially indicated that it is possible to select very similar though not absolutely identical groups in the context of international cooperation. The further results of the initial 15-month phase comprising functional orthodontic treatment in severe Class-II/1 cases showed significant mandibular effects in both treatment groups (USA UNC, Chapel Hill: modified Balters appliance;Germany WWU Münster: U-bow activator Type I). The groups were compared to a randomized control group with similar untreated malocclusions, established at Chapel Hill (USA, UNC, Chapel Hill). The results of this cooperative study reveal opportunities for critical evaluation of different treatment methods through international cooperation, utilizing existing prospective randomized studies.

关键词：测颅法/统计学和数值数据德国错|牙合| 安氏Ⅱ类/放射摄影术错|牙合| 安氏Ⅱ类/治疗下颌骨/放射摄影术上颌骨/放射摄影术北卡罗来纳正畸学矫正/统计学和数值数据前瞻性研究时间因素儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Factors influencing the decision about orthodontic treatment. A longitudinal study among 11- and 15-year-olds and their parents.

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Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kieferorthopädie 1999年第5期60卷 292-307页

作者： Birkeland, K. Katle, A. Løvgreen, S. Bøe, O.E. Wisth, P.J. Department of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics University of Bergen Norway

The aims of the study were to evaluate the attitude towards orthodontic treatment among 11-(T1) and 15-year-old children (T2) and their parents, to present the distribution of referral rate and treatment uptake by a treatment need index assessed at T1 and to elucidate factors influencing the decision about orthodontic treatment in the period from T1 to T2. A group of 359 children and their parents answered separate questionnaires at T1, and 293 families responded to a follow-up study 4 years later. For the clinical examination, 224 children participated after exclusion of children in active treatment. The dental study casts were assessed by the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The mean referral rate was 56%, with a variation from 40% to 71% among different dental clinics. About 44% of the children had completed or were undergoing orthodontic treatment at T2. No significant sex differences among referred and treated children were discovered. Aesthetic motives were the most frequently reported subjective reason for orthodontic care. The untreated group expressed diminishing treatment desire in the follow-up period. The logistic regression analysis selected Dental Health Component (DHC) grades as a strong predictor for treatment uptake, followed by parents' concern and attitude to braces, while the 11-year-olds' own orthodontic concern was less significant. Children in the untreated group with late treatment decisions (T2) were best predicted by Aesthetic Component (AC) changes from T1 to T2. The results indicate that dentists play a key role in determining orthodontic treatment levels. High referral rates secured low risk of denying care to some patients. Treatment decision may be guided by the orthodontist. However, individual variation in attitude and desire influence treatment uptake even among children with great need.

关键词：健康态度决策卫生服务需求/统计学和数值数据纵向研究正畸学矫正/心理学正畸学矫正/统计学和数值数据双亲/心理学病人满意度/统计学和数值数据前瞻性研究问卷调查转诊和会诊/统计学和数值数据市区人口/统计学和数值数据青少年成年人儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Consistency of orthodontic treatment planning decisions.

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Clinical orthodontics and research 1999年第2期2卷 79-84页

作者： Lee, R. MacFarlane, T. Department of Dental Medicine and Surgery University Dental Hospital of Manchester United Kingdom

OBJECTIVE: (i) To analyse the consistency of a group of orthodontists' treatment decisions and (ii) to identify factors that may influence this consistency. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SUBJECTS: Ten orthodontists. METHODS: The orthodontists examined 60 case vignettes and recorded their treatment decisions on two separate occasions. MAIN MEASURE: Inter- and intra-examiner agreement was evaluated with the Kappa statistic. RESULTS: The consistency within each orthodontist was moderate. However, between-orthodontist consistency was poor. CONCLUSION: It appears that there is marked variation between orthodontists in treatment planning decisions and this may reflect the lack of evidence for the effectiveness of competing treatments.

关键词：测颅法卡方分布决策牙模型牙医诊疗模式/统计学和数值数据错|牙合|/诊断错|牙合|/治疗观察者偏差正畸学矫正/统计学和数值数据病人医疗护理计划/统计学和数值数据摄影术牙科放射摄影术全景成年人老年人人类中年人

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Retrospective evaluation of the outcome of orthodontic treatment in adults.

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Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kieferorthopädie 1999年第2期60卷 108-123页

作者： Riedmann, T. Berg, R. Department of Orthodontics University of Saarland Homburg/Saar Germany

The aim of this study was the retrospective evaluation of the outcome of orthodontic treatment in consecutively treated adult patients. Of 147 adult patients, it was possible to evaluate the records of 88 patients (57 female, 31 male) before (T1) and after treatment (T2), and of 20 of these patients 3.3 years on average after completion of the retention phase (T3). During treatment planning, a nearly "ideal" result was considered attainable (ideal group) for 46 patients, and a "compromise" result (compromise group) was seen as realistic for 42. The assessment was made using the PAR (Peer Assessment Rating) index and the Aesthetic Component (AC) and Dental Health Components (DHC) of the IOTN (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need). Average length of treatment in the ideal group was 2.4 years, i.e. nearly twice as long as in the compromise group. The PAR score was reduced by an average of 56% (T2);the reduction in the ideal group was 73%, and in the compromise group 37%. Among the 20 patients for whom at least 6 months had elapsed since completion of the retention phase, a statistically significant relapse between T2 and T3 was observed. The evaluation of overjet and overbite and, in the ideal group, of the midline and maxillary front teeth were primarily responsible for the worsening of the PAR scores between T2 and T3. According to the AC, 53 patients (60%) had moderate to definite treatment needs at the beginning of treatment. Following completion of active treatment, 69 patients (78%) no longer demonstrated treatment indications for aesthetic or psychosocial reasons. Based on the DHC, 88% of the patients were in definite or moderate need of treatment (T1);in contrast, treatment was no longer indicated in 84% at T2. In general, a marked improvement of the examined morphological parameters was observed.

关键词：美学牙科错|牙合|/诊断错|牙合|/治疗正畸学矫正/统计学和数值数据同行评议卫生保健回顾性研究统计学非参数治疗结果成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Adult patients' view of orthodontic treatment outcome compared to professional assessments.

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Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kieferorthopädie 1999年第5期60卷 308-320页

作者： Riedmann, T. Georg, T. Berg, R. Department of Orthodontics University of Saarland Homburg Germany

One important aspect in evaluating the outcome and quality of orthodontic treatment is the patient's own assessment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the course and outcome of orthodontic treatment in adults from the patient's vs the operator's point of view. In a previous study, the orthodontic treatment of 88 adults was evaluated using the IOTN and PAR Index before and after treatment. Fifty-nine patients answered treatment questionnaires on 1. the reason for seeking treatment, 2. dentofacial aesthetics, 3. treatment outcome, 4. course of treatment, 5. attitude, 6. social well-being. Depending on the original treatment goal, the patient population was divided into an Ideal Group and a Compromise Group. In 75% of the patients, dissatisfaction with dental aesthetics was the prime motive for seeking treatment;correlations with PAR parameters (overjet and maxillary anterior teeth) were weak. In general, a high degree of patient satisfaction with orthodontic treatment was registered. As regards satisfaction with post-treatment dental aesthetics there were no significant differences between the groups. Comparison of professional assessment with the subjective rating by patients revealed discrepancies in that the patients' rating of outcome tended to be more positive. The differentiation between ideal and compromise treatment goals proved useful. In the Compromise Group, a high level of patient satisfaction was attained with a shorter treatment duration and lower appliance involvement. 92% considered their major pre-treatment need to have been met, and 95% would have had the treatment performed again.

关键词：医务工作者的态度健康态度美学牙科/心理学美学牙科/统计学和数值数据线性模型正畸矫正器/统计学和数值数据正畸学矫正/心理学正畸学矫正/统计学和数值数据病人满意度/统计学和数值数据问卷调查统计学非参数治疗结果成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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