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Training policies in biomedical research in Spain

MEDICINA CLINICA 2000年第2期114卷 63-73页

作者： Menéndez, LS Benito, VMD CSIC Inst Estudios Sociales Avansados Madrid 28005 Spain

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Rationale and design of the GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) Project:: A multinational registry of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes

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AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL 2001年第2期141卷 190-199页

作者： Agnelli, G Avezum, A Brieger, D Budaj, A Cannon, CP Goldberg, RJ Goodman, S Gulba, DC Granger, C Kennelly, BM Gurfinkel, E López-Sendón, J Klein, W Montalescot, G Van de Werf, F Univ Massachusetts Sch Med Dept Med Div Cardiovasc Med Worcester MA 01655 USA Royal Infirm Edinburgh NHS Trust Dept Cardiol Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland Univ Michigan Hlth Syst Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Hop Bichat Claude Bernard Serv Cardiol F-75877 Paris France Univ Perugia Inst Internal & Vasc Med I-06100 Perugia Italy Hosp Albert Einstein CTI A Coronary Care Unit Sao Paulo Brazil Concord Hosp Concord Australia Grochowski Hosp Postgrad Med Sch Dept Cardiol Warsaw Poland Brigham & Womens Hosp Div Cardiovasc Boston MA 02115 USA Univ Massachusetts Sch Med Dept Med Worcester MA USA Univ Toronto Canadian Heart Res Ctr Div Cardiol Toronto ON Canada Humboldt Univ Hosp Charite Dept Cardiol Emergency & Crit Care Med Franz Volhard Clin Berlin Germany Duke Univ Med Ctr Durham NC 27706 USA Hoag Mem Hosp Dept Cardiol Newport Beach CA USA Univ Buenos Aires Inst Biomed Sci Buenos Aires DF Argentina Hosp Univ Gregorio Maranon Dept Cardiol Madrid Spain Graz Univ Med Klin Klin Abt Kardiol A-8036 Graz Austria CHU Pitie Salpetriere Serv Cardiol Paris France Univ Hosp Gasthuisberg B-3000 Louvain Belgium Univ Massachusetts Sch Med Ctr Outcomes Res Worcester MA USA Aventis Pharmaceut Inc Bridgewater NJ USA

Background Acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including the spectrum of conditions from unstable angina to ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. GRACE (the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) is a large, prospective, multinational observational study of patients hospitalized with ACS. The aim of GRACE is to improve the quality of care for patients with ACS by describing differences in, and relationships between, patient characteristics, treatment practices, and in-hospital and postdischarge outcomes at hospitals around the world. A goal of this study is to study approximately 10,000 patients with ACS on on annual basis. Methods A total of 18 cluster sites in 14 countries in North America, South America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand are currently collaborating in GRACE. Clusters were chosen on the basis of local demographic characteristics and hospital facilities to ensure a representative sample of patients with ACS from each country. Patients are identified by use of either active or passive surveillance approaches. A standardized core case report form is completed for all patients. information on patient demographics, medical history, acute symptoms, clinical characteristics, electrocardiographic findings, treatment approaches, and in-hospital outcomes is collected. Patients are followed up at 6 months after hospital discharge to identify recurrent coronary events, use of various medications, and mortality. Conclusions The information collected from the GRACE project will provide important and extensive insights into patient demographic and clinical characteristics, current practice patterns, and outcomes for patients with ACS from a number of countries throughout the world. Given the pressures of practicing evidence-based medicine, the results of GRACE should provide a multinational perspective into these important outcomes and identify practice variations that will allow new

关键词：急性病澳大利亚/流行病学冠心病/流行病学冠心病/治疗欧洲/流行病学住院/统计学和数值数据发病率新西兰/流行病学北美洲/流行病学患病率前瞻性研究登记/统计学和数值数据研究/方法研究/统计学和数值数据南美/流行病学存活率综合征人类

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Research questions and hypotheses

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2000年第2期39卷 261-263页

作者： Morgan, GA Harmon, RJ Colorado State Univ Ft Collins CO USA Univ Colorado Sch Med Div Child Psychiat Denver CO 80202 USA

Discusses the differences between research questions and hypotheses. Three types of basic hypotheses or research questions; Examples of complex difference and associational questions.

关键词：青春期精神病学偏倚(流行病学) 儿童精神病学数据说明统计心理测定学研究/统计学和数值数据青少年儿童人类

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A ten-year analysis of surgical education research

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2000年第1期180卷 58-61页

作者： Derossis, AM DaRosa, DA Dutta, S Dunnington, GL Northwestern Univ Dept Surg Chicago IL 60611 USA So Illinois Univ Dept Surg Carbondale IL 62901 USA

BACKGROUND: Surgical education peer-reviewed publications have markedly increased over the last decade. The purpose of this study was to review the surgical education literature published over the last 10 years and address the following questions: What subjects in surgical education tend to be studied? What are the most to least commonly employed research designs and statistics? Has there been a change in how research data are collected? Where are these studies published? METHODS: A literature search encompassing surgical education papers published between January 1988 and August 1998 was performed. Four investigators coded qualifying abstracts on journal type, subject of research, data collection methods, research design, and statistics. Each investigator was asked to code 10 articles at the start of the study to assess interrater reliability. RESULTS: A total of 420 abstracts were evaluated. Interrater reliability yielded percent agreements ranging from 82% to 96%. Curriculum and teaching were the most frequent topics studied (40%), followed by assessment (23%) and program evaluation (18%). Most research designs used were descriptive (41%), Experimental design has progressively increased from 2% in 1988-89 to 16% in 1998, A total of 551 statistical methods were accounted for in the 420 abstracts. The most common statistical analyses used were descriptive statistics (32%). The predominant mode of data collection was through testing or direct observations (34%). Survey instruments followed closely as a popular data collection method at 27%. The majority of papers were published in peer-reviewed surgical journals (64%),followed by medical education journals (22%) and "other" journals (14%), CONCLUSIONS: An analysis of the surgical education literature demonstrates the growing emphasis on the use of educational research to explore relevant issues and problems. Descriptive research is most popular, with an increasing trend in experimental research. Publication of educa

关键词：临床工作能力课程数据收集教育考核观察者偏差同行评议研究期刊(主题) 方案评价出版研究/统计学和数值数据研究设计教学人类

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Changes in academic productivity: Implications for clinical laboratory research and development

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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2000年第2期46卷 303-305页

作者： Makowski, GS Hopfer, SM Tsongalis, GJ Wu, AHB Univ Connecticut Ctr Hlth Dept Lab Med Sch Med Farmington CT 06030 USA Hartford Hosp Dept Pathol & Lab Med Hartford CT 06102 USA

A recent report from the Council of Scientific Affairs of the American Medical Association indicated that the introduction of managed healthcare had a substantially negative influence on the academic productivity of clinical faculty in academic health centers (1). Consistent with this finding is the observed change in the number of scientific abstracts presented during the Annual Meeting of the AACC (2). As can be seen, over the last 4 years there has been a substantial 30% decrease in the number of abstracts received and accepted from all sources, including academia and industry (Fig. 1 , A and B). This decline does not correlate to a change in the abstract rejection rate, which has remained relatively constant (~20%) since 1992 (Fig. 1C ).

关键词：医学科学研究中心/统计学和数值数据化学临床会议(主题)/统计学和数值数据教育医学研究/统计学和数值数据学会医学

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Chance findings and chance replication in a study of recurrent depression?

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002年第8期114卷 988-989页

作者： Ewald, H Als, TD Aarhus Univ Hosp Inst Basic Psychiat Res Risskov Denmark

No asbtract

关键词：数据说明统计抑郁症/遗传学研究/方法研究/统计学和数值数据人类

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Status report: Development of emergency medicine research since the Macy Report

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ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2003年第1期42卷 66-80页

作者： Pollack, CV Hollander, JE O'Neil, BJ Neumar, RW Summers, R Camargo, CA Younger, JG Callaway, CW Gallagher, EJ Kellermann, AL Krause, GS Schafermeyer, RW Sloan, E Stern, S Penn Hosp Dept Emergency Med Philadelphia PA 19107 USA Hosp Univ Penn Philadelphia PA 19104 USA William Beaumont Hosp Royal Oak MI 48072 USA Wayne State Univ Detroit MI USA Univ Mississippi Jackson MS 39216 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Boston MA 02114 USA Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Pittsburgh Ctr Med Pittsburgh PA USA Emory Univ Sch Med Atlanta GA USA Montefiore Med Ctr Albert Einstein Coll Med Bronx NY 10467 USA Carolinas Med Ctr Charlotte NC 28203 USA Univ Illinois Chicago IL USA

In Williamsburg, VA, April 17 to 20, 1994, the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation sponsored a conference entitled "The Role of Emergency Medicine in the Future of American Medical Care," a report on which was published in Annals in 1995. This report promulgated recommendations for the development and enhancement of academic departments of emergency medicine and a conference to develop an agenda for research in emergency medicine. The American College of Emergency Physicians' Research Committee, along with several ad hoc members, presents updates in several of the areas addressed by the Macy Report and subsequent conferences, as a status report for the development of emergency medicine research as a whole, as of late 2002.

关键词：会议急救医学/经济学急救医学/教育急救医学/发展趋势研究/经济学研究/统计学和数值数据研究/发展趋势人类

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HEALTH-CARE REFORM - A CONTRARY OPINION

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HEALTH CARE ANALYSIS 1995年第3期3卷 244-248页

作者： COUTO, JS Porto Portugal

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Latin square analysis of variance using summary statistics

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PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS 2000年第1期91卷 95-96页

作者： Charter, RA VA Long Beach Healthcare Syst Med Ctr Long Beach CA 90822 USA

The method for computing a Latin square analysis of variance using summary statistics is presented.

关键词：方差分析期刊/标准研究/统计学和数值数据统计数据/方法

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Research productivity in the areas of child abuse and domestic violence

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PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS 1999年第3期84卷 887-898页

作者： Gordon, RA Holmes, M Maly, C Univ Minnesota Dept Psychol Duluth MN 55812 USA

Research productivity in the areas of child abuse and domestic violence was reviewed for the years 1990-1996 by examining articles published in Child Abuse and Neglect, the Journal of Family Violence, and the Journal of Interpersonal Violence. To examine productivity across institutions, quantification of productivity was based on ordinal position of authorship as previously used. Productivity across these three journals was also summed based on the 1987 composite productivity index formula of Howard, et al., and the data were compared with a productivity assessment based on a search process in the PsycLIT database. Rank-order correlations between the raw productivity total, the composite measure, and productivity based on first-authored publications in PsycLIT were all significant. The findings suggest that the composite measure represents a good estimate of productivity across the three journals and that publication in these three journals provides a good representation of research in the general areas of child abuse and domestic and interpersonal violence. The findings, along with implications regarding the relative utility of such information for selection of graduate programs that have a strong research focus on child abuse or domestic violence, are discussed.

关键词：加拿大虐待儿童家庭暴力效率组织出版研究/统计学和数值数据美国大学成年人儿童儿童学龄前人类

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