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The children's health insurance program: Expanding the framework to evaluate state goals and performance

MILBANK QUARTERLY 2000年第3期78卷 403-+页

作者： Shi, LY Oliver, TR Huang, V Johns Hopkins Univ Baltimore MD 21218 USA

A comprehensive framework was devised to evaluate the state Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) established in 1997. The framework relies on a number of potential measures and data sources for reviewing the program information recorded by states in SCHIP applications, particularly their strategic objectives and proposed performance measures. The analysis reveals that the states propose a wide range of objectives and measures and that there is considerable variation among the states: Overall, states' SCHIP plans tend to stress program enrollment and access to services but fail to emphasize the type and quality of services children receive once they are enrolled in the program. A broader conceptual framework is needed for policy makers, advocates, and researchers to make a full assessment of state goals and SCHIP performance.

关键词：儿童保健服务/组织和管理儿童保健服务/标准卫生计划实施卫生政策卫生服务易得程度方案评价/方法社会保障/组织和管理社会保障/标准州卫生计划/组织和管理州卫生计划/标准全面质量管理美国儿童人类

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Germany's long-term-care insurance: Putting a social insurance model into practice

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MILBANK QUARTERLY 2000年第3期78卷 375-+页

作者： Geraedts, M Heller, GV Harrington, CA Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Social & Behav Sci Sch Nursing San Francisco CA 94118 USA Univ Dusseldorf D-4000 Dusseldorf Germany

A growing population of elderly has intensified the demand for long-term care (LTC) services. In response to the mounting need, Germany put into effect a LTC Insurance Act in 1995 that introduced mandatory public or private LTC insurance for the entire population of 82 million. The program was based on the organizational principles that define the German social insurance system. Those individuals in the public system and their employers each pay contributions equal to 0.85 percent of each employee's gross wages or salary. Ten percent of the population with the highest incomes have chosen the option of purchasing private long term care insurance. Provisions were made for uniform eligibility criteria, benefits based on level of care needs, cost containment, and quality assurance. Over the first four years of its operation, the system has proved financially sound and has expanded access to organized LTC services. The German system thus may serve as an example for other countries that are planning to initiate social LTC insurance systems in other nations.

关键词：德国保险长期医疗/经济学保险长期医疗/立法和法学国家卫生规划/经济学国家卫生规划/立法和法学国家卫生规划/组织和管理方案评价社会保障/经济学社会保障/立法和法学社会保障/组织和管理全民健康保险老年人人类中年人

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DEPENDENCY AND INTERDEPENDENCY - THE INCOMES OF INFORMAL CARERS AND THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL-SECURITY

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JOURNAL OF SOCIAL POLICY 1990年第4期19卷 469-497页

作者： GLENDINNING, C UNIV MANCHESTER MANCHESTER M13 9PLLANCSENGLAND

Consideration of the income and social security needs of informal carers has remained conspicuously absent from discussions about ‘community care’. Similarly, carers have been more or less invisible in the development of social security policies. This paper reports on a study of the financial circumstances of a sample of working age carers, who were living with and providing substantial amounts of help and support to a disabled person in the same household. The study highlights first, the substantial work-related costs incurred by carers with full time employment; and second the financial dependency of carers without full time earnings, on their spouse, sibling or on the person being cared for. The implications of these findings are discussed in the light of recent developments in social security policies.

关键词：横断面研究英格兰家庭家庭护理(非专业)/经济学长期医疗/经济学政府政策偿还途径社会保障/组织和管理

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The privatization of health care in three Latin American social security systems

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HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING 1996年第4期11卷 406-417页

作者： Fiedler, JL SOCIAL SECTORS DEV STRATEGY 229 N 10TH PLSTURGEON BAYWI 54235 USA

Most Latin American social security institutes are direct providers of medical care services to their beneficiaries. As many of the institutes have developed serious financial problems over the course of the last decade and a half, they have come under increasing attack for (a) exacerbating inequalities in access to and use of health care, (b) further heightening the geographic overconcentration of services, (c) focusing a disproportionate amount of resources on high technology, curative care to the near total exclusion of primary health care, and (d) being administratively top heavy and, more generally, inefficient. In the past few years, many Latin American countries have begun searching for methods to ameliorate these problems. This paper analyzes three recent efforts, all of which involve some degree of privatization: (1) El Salvador's partial privatization of specialty physician outpatient consultations, (2) Peru's minor surgery and its decentralized ambulatory care programme, and (3) Nicaragua's 'administrative services only' approach wherein social security beneficiaries choose to join a certified public or private provider organization for one year, and, on behalf of the individual, social security pays the organization a fixed, annual, per capita fee to provide all health care for the enrollee. The paper also identifies political and technical considerations, as well as health care market characteristics that have shaped these efforts and that condition their likelihood of success, including: the size, composition, level of capacity utilization, degree of organization and geographic distribution of private sector resources;relative prices in the private vis-a-vis the public sector;and the size and nature of the private health insurance market. Other Latin American countries would do well to examine these factors and characteristics before embarking on efforts to reform their own social security health care delivery systems.

关键词：门诊医疗/经济学门诊医疗/组织和管理用户满意卫生保健提供/经济学卫生保健提供/组织和管理卫生保健提供/标准萨尔瓦多卫生保健改革/组织和管理卫生服务易得程度模型组织管理尼加拉瓜秘鲁私有化卫生保健质量社会保障/组织和管理

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A "Society for all ages": Saving social security and Medicare

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HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2000年第1期25卷 69-73页

作者： Gorin, S Plymouth State Coll Social Work Program Plymouth NH 03264 USA Natl Assoc Social Workers New Hampshire Chapter Concord NH 03301 USA

Social workers are urged to develop a strategy for defending social security and Medicare and defeating efforts to privatize them. Myths concerning social security and medicare are outlined, and the positions taken on... 详细信息

关键词：卫生保健改革/组织和管理老年人保健服务/组织和管理 Medicare/组织和管理模型组织管理新罕布什尔政治私有化/组织和管理社会保障/组织和管理美国老年人人类

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Centrelink

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中国全科医学 2006年第21期9卷 1808-1808页

作者：杨辉 Monash大学医学部初级卫生保健学院教授澳大利亚维多利亚州

Centrelink是从澳洲民政部门演变过来的，在1995年以前叫Department of Social Security（社会保障部），而后又改称Centrelink。它是澳大利亚联邦政府的一个社会保障的协调和提供机构，是可以协调和连接不同机构所提供的服务的网络化... 详细信息

Centrelink是从澳洲民政部门演变过来的，在1995年以前叫Department of Social Security（社会保障部），而后又改称Centrelink。它是澳大利亚联邦政府的一个社会保障的协调和提供机构，是可以协调和连接不同机构所提供的服务的网络化虚拟组织。利用Centrelink，澳大利亚人可以通过一个门户网站或者电话号码获得多种政府服务。Centrelink是人民接触最多的，也是最大的政府部门。它遍布各个地区，有众多的各族裔雇员，不用担心语言问题。即使在海外碰到困难，也可以直接拨打该部门的免费国际长途求助。

关键词：澳大利亚社会保障/组织和管理人类

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