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The WAMI Rural Hospital Project. Part 6: Overview and conclusions.

The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association 1991年第5期7卷 560-574页

作者： Amundson, B.A. Rosenblatt, R.A. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA United States

The Rural Hospital Project (RHP) appeared to make a meaningful difference in the six Northwest rural communities that participated in this integrated community development and strategic planning effort. Although the methodological approach used in the evaluation precludes us from attributing observed changes in outcomes solely to the project interventions themselves, several elements of the process appear to be useful in stabilizing or expanding local health care systems. These include: (1) the involvement of outside organizations in fostering community change, (2) a high degree of community commitment and investment in all stages of the process, (3) comprehensive identification of problems in the health care system by outside consultants, (4) the use of periodic meetings of communities confronting similar issues, (5) identification and development of local leadership, (6) enhancing teamwork among local health care providers, and (7) the development of conflict-resolution mechanisms within health care organizations. Future attempts to use this strategy to strengthen rural health care systems can be enhanced by broadening the range of participation in health services planning, enlisting involvement of medical staff throughout the strategic planning cycle, addressing the issue of physician recruitment, and clarifying responsibility for implementation of community plans. Rural communities will predictably need to identify and resolve a set of core issues. To the extent that external organizations such as medical schools can strengthen the ability of rural health professionals and community leaders to identify and address these issues, the quality and viability of rural health care systems will be enhanced.

关键词：阿拉斯加社区卫生服务/组织和管理社区和机构的关系卫生服务需求卫生服务研究/组织和管理医院乡村/组织和管理美国西北部试点项目方案评价地区卫生计划/组织和管理研究设计

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学龄前儿童龋病社区管理模式及效果

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中国校医 2014年第9期28卷 671-672,674页

作者：李林芬黎新雁刘矿英广州市天河区人民医院保健科广东广州510660 广州市天河区人民医院口腔科

目的分析儿童龋齿社区管理模式及其效果,为完善和推广龋齿防控体系提供依据。方法选择3~6岁儿童1 889例为调查对象,据《全国第三次口腔健康流行病学调查方案》标准,由口腔科医师进行口腔象限逐个检查,采用自行设计问卷进行影响因素分析... 详细信息

目的分析儿童龋齿社区管理模式及其效果,为完善和推广龋齿防控体系提供依据。方法选择3~6岁儿童1 889例为调查对象,据《全国第三次口腔健康流行病学调查方案》标准,由口腔科医师进行口腔象限逐个检查,采用自行设计问卷进行影响因素分析;在基线调查的基础上,将研究对象随机分为观察组（280名儿童）,对照组（315名儿童）;观察组实施社区管理,采取综合干预措施,由医院口腔科及全科医生主持,对照组由保健幼师随机进行;干预时间为1年。结果 2011—2012年患龋率分别为68.82%和66.60%,均随年龄增长而显著增高,好发于第二磨牙的咬牙合面;甜食摄入量和频率、年龄是其危险因素,而早晚刷牙、饭后漱口和含氟化泡沫则是保护因素;综合干预后,干预后观察组新发龋率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,含氟化泡沫率和窝沟封闭率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,但2组充填率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论社区管理能有效降低小儿患龋率,有利于提高儿童口腔健康水平,但充填工作有待加强。

关键词：儿童,学龄前龋齿社区卫生服务/组织和管理

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Community mobilization, organizing, and media advocacy - A discussion of methodological issues

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1997年第2期21卷 166-190页

作者： Treno, AJ Holder, HD PREVENT RES CTR BERKELEYCA USA

Community Mobilization refers to those activities that prepare communities to accept, receive, and support prevention interventions designed to reduce alcohol-involved trauma Media advocacy refers to the strategic use of media by those seeking to advance a social or public policy initiative. Within the Community Prevention Trial, both of these activities were critical elements. This article presents the evaluation design for community mobilization and media advocacy implemented for the project. Here the authors argue for the need to include both structured and unstructured community monitoring instruments, coding of local alcohol-related news coverage and surveying community members about the exposure to alcohol-related problems, and support for project interventions. This article also presents an audience segmentation analysis and discusses the implications of this analysis for media advocacy efforts.

关键词：事故预防饮酒/预防和控制社区卫生服务/组织和管理用户参与数据收集/方法健康知识态度实践健康促进/方法大众媒体规划制订方案评价/方法美国成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Community mental health centers and family service agencies.

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Social work research & abstracts 1977年第4期13卷 10-16页

作者： Rothman, J. Kay, T. University of Michigan Ann Arbor. Biometry Department Institute of Pathology Walter Reed Army Medical Center Washington D.C.

This study presents documentation that compares community mental health centers and family service agencies. Although these are complementary in function, their degree of interaction is less than optimal. This paper compares the characteristics of the two systems, using data regarding staff, finances and expenditures, clients, and programs.

关键词：社区卫生服务/组织和管理社区精神卫生服务/组织和管理美国

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INNOVATION IN HOSPITAL BASED AMBULATORY CARE - SOME SOURCES, PATTERNS, AND IMPLICATIONS OF CHANGE

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HUMAN ORGANIZATION 1977年第1期36卷 43-49页

作者： REGENSTREIF, DI NAZARETH COLL DEPT SOCIAL SCIROCHESTERNY 14610 GENESEE HOSP HLTH SERV RES CTRROCHESTERNY 14607

Examines the alterations of ambulatory service delivery of a community hospital in Rochester, New York. Factors affecting the innovation of the service; Replacement of components of the Out Patient Department with a m... 详细信息

关键词：门诊医疗/组织和管理门诊医疗/发展趋势社区卫生服务/组织和管理联合开业纽约门诊部医院/组织和管理门诊部医院/发展趋势

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Health in Mersey — an exercise in community diagnosis

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Health Education Journal 1985年第4期44卷 178-180页

作者： Ashton, John Department of Community Health University of Liverpool United Kingdom

THE process of producing a community diagnosis for the Mersey Region is described. Such an exercise is recommended for its potency in agenda-setting, and establishing a frame of reference for health promo tion within ... 详细信息

关键词：社区卫生服务/组织和管理英格兰健康促进/组织和管理

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A five-stage model for sustaining a community campaign

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JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 1999年第1期4卷 37-48页

作者： Rudd, RE Goldberg, J Dietz, W Harvard Univ Sch Publ Hlth Dept Hlth & Soc Behav Boston MA 02115 USA Tufts Univ Sch Nutr Sci & Policy Boston MA 02111 USA Floating Hosp New England Med Ctr Div Clin Nutr Boston MA USA

The Sisters Together, Move More Eat Better pilot communication program focuses on young Black women in three inner-city communities to encourage improved nutrition and increased physical activity. The design for Sisters Together is based on an expansion of a public health campaign that combines social marketing with community building efforts. The pilot program design comprises five phases: design, promotion, demonstration, transfer, and sustained activity. The proposed five-stage model holds potential for increasing the life span of a campaign and contributing to community building. Partnerships and coalition development promise to maintain the campaign beyond the limited budget period. This descriptive article illustrates the elements of a hybrid model for the design of a communication program with examples from Sisters Together, Move More Eat Better, a pilot program currently in the last year of implementation.

关键词：非洲裔美国人信息交流社区卫生服务/组织和管理运动(Exercise) 健康促进/组织和管理卫生服务使用研究模型组织管理营养生理学试点项目市区人口青少年成年人女(雌)性人类

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Implementation and process evaluation of a student ''school-as-community'' group - A component of a school-based drug abuse prevention program

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1997年第1期21卷 94-123页

作者： Sussman, S Galaif, ER Newman, T Hennesy, M Pentz, MA Dent, CW Stacy, AW Moss, MA Craig, S Simon, TR UNIV SO CALIF DEPT PREVENT MEDLOS ANGELESCA 90089 UNIV SO CALIF INST HLTH PROMOT & DIS PREVENT RESLOS ANGELESCA 90089

Little documentation exists regarding the functioning of formalized adolescent groups or;drug abase prevention agents. Two studies are described that were conducted at high schools whose students are of high risk for drug abuse Twenty-one schools were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (a) standard care, (b) classroom drug abuse education only, arte) classroom plus school-as-community. Results of the first study indicated that the school-as-community component-which involved weekly meetings and periodic events at seven schools-was implemented as planned drug abused focused and perceived as productive in discouraging drug abuse. In the second study, staff in the classroom plus school-as-community condition self-reported involvement in the greatest number of community activities across the school year;compared with staff from the other two conditions. These two studies support the feasibility of formalized groups of high-risk youth to promote drug-free events.

关键词：社区卫生服务/组织和管理过程评价(卫生保健) 方案评价随机分配中小学生卫生保健服务/组织和管理物质相关性障碍/预防和控制青少年女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Solutions to the Problems of Chronic Disease Management in Rural Settings

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The Journal of Rural Health 1985年第1期1卷 52-59页

作者： Prate, Dennis A. Johnson, Sidney A. Sharpe, Thomas R. DENNIS A. FRATE Ph.D. is Research Associate Professor in the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy The University of Mississippi. Dr. Frate is also Principal Investigator of a five year demonstration and education research project funded by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute under grant No. HI. 31370. Dr. Frate is a member of Sigma Xi and a Fellow of the Council of Epidemiology of the American Heart Association. He co-edited The Extended Family in Black Societies (Mouton 1978) and co-authored Medical Education in the Ambulatory Setting: An Evaluation (Springer 1982).

Recent changes in disease patterns in the Untied States from acute to chronic disorders and the maldistribution of medical manpower have disproportionately affected rural residents. Programmatic attempts to alter the medical care system in rural areas have traditionally centered on increasing the number of primary providers. In central Mississippi, two innovative alternative models of chronic disease management have been evaluated. The disease focus was high blood pressure and the two management models emphasized: (1) the use of local residents as health facilitators or health counselors, and (2) the use of self‐help groups in family and church settings. Eighteen months of outcome data indicated that the health facilitator model was controlling 80 percent of the hypertensives participating;the family‐based self‐help groups were controlling 90 percent;and, the church‐based self‐help groups were controlling 79.9 percent. These community‐based models of chronic disease management have broad implications for other geographic areas and other chronic disorders. Copyright © 1985, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

关键词：慢性病社区卫生服务/组织和管理咨询长期医疗/组织和管理密西西比模型理论结果与过程评价(卫生保健) 农村卫生自助小组人类

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A communication analysis of community mobilization on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation

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JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 1997年第2期2卷 113-125页

作者： McLean, S trzebia+@reuna.cl

This article is an analysis of the community mobilization process used at the Warm Springs Indian Reservation as part of a health education campaign. Using the community education model proposed by Freire (1970), it examines the techniques employed to involve community members in radio, print, and public speaking fora as well as the interpersonal interviews and listening techniques employed by the educators to gain entree to the community Credibility emerged as a major issue to be addressed in the mobilization process. Other findings include the value of involving community leaders, persistence, and frankness. Caution is urged in implementing the Freirian model without regard to unique community traditions and relationships.

关键词：信息交流社区卫生服务/组织和管理健康教育/方法印第安人北美洲大众媒体俄勒冈

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