检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

安徽医科大学学报 2010年第2期45卷 279-282页

作者：刘祝明秦侠胡志马颖徐蕾陈若陵安徽医科大学卫生管理学院合肥230032 英国伦敦大学医学院

目的了解我国精神障碍患病率研究的现状和发展趋势。方法利用中国期刊全文数据库(CFJD)和中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)检索相关文献,按标准剔除不符合要求的文献,对纳入文献进行文献计量分析。结果纳入的117篇文献发表在59种杂志上;文... 详细信息

目的了解我国精神障碍患病率研究的现状和发展趋势。方法利用中国期刊全文数据库(CFJD)和中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)检索相关文献,按标准剔除不符合要求的文献,对纳入文献进行文献计量分析。结果纳入的117篇文献发表在59种杂志上;文献中所采用的现场调查方式和诊断标准种类繁多,各文献报道的患病率差异较大;现有研究在人群和地区上的分布不均衡。结论应合理选择现场调查方式和诊断标准,提高研究质量与数据的可比性;应加大对精神障碍流行病学研究的投入,增加对西部地区研究的支持力度;增强公共卫生领域在精神障碍流行病学研究中的主导作用。

关键词：精神障碍/流行病学文献计量学循证医学

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Does psychiatric disorder affect the likelihood of violent offending? a critique of the major findings

引用

MEDICINE SCIENCE AND THE LAW 1999年第1期39卷 23-30页

作者： Mitchell, EW Univ Cambridge Inst Criminol Cambridge CB2 1TJ England

This paper reviews major studies that have examined a possible relationship between mental disorder and violent offending. Such studies have either examined (a) the prevalence of violence in the mentally disordered or (b) the prevalence of mental disorder among the violent. Indices of violence used include (a) arrest rate, (b) conviction rate and (c) prevalence of violent behaviour in psychiatric inpatients, representative community samples and birth cohorts. It is concluded that although the mentally disordered do face an elevated risk of violent behaviour/offending, this risk is largely confined to those suffering from severe or long-term psychotic symptoms or psychopathic disorders.

关键词：队列研究司法鉴定/立法和法学精神障碍/诊断精神障碍/流行病学危险精神分裂症/诊断精神分裂症/流行病学暴力/立法和法学暴力/统计学和数值数据人类

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

FREQUENCY OF MENTAL-DISORDERS IN OLD-AGE - EXAMPLES OF COMPARABILITY OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN RELATION TO UTILITY IN PLANNING

引用

ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA 1976年第4期53卷 283-297页

作者： GUNNERSVENSSON, F JENSEN, K ODENSE UNIV HOSP DEPT PSYCHIAT DK-5000 ODENSE DENMARK

Due to the increase in the number of old people, diseases of old age have acquired more and more importance. In estimating the need for psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes, epidemiological investigations are necessary. Only relatively few population investigations of the old-age population have been carried out, and most of these have been carried out in countries in Northern Europe, which are closely related culturally and socially. Nine investigations are described in relation to certain central factors including the purpose of the investigation, description of the population, selection of probands, the statistical concepts used, the collection of data, and the main results. Seven of the investigations give results in the form of prevalence;2 investigations calculate incidence and morbidity risk. Comparison of the various results is difficult. There are many dissimilarities in the milieus involved, in the methods used, in the prerequisites of the interviewers and assessors, and in the classification of the results. The investigations were used for evaluation of prognosis and planning of care for the old-age population. An investigation is an expression of local truth and as such often usable in local planning, but it is not often possible to utilize results from investigations carried out in outside regions for more than a rough basis for local prognosis and local planning. In future investigations, more standarized methods and better correlated descriptions are necessary.

关键词：年龄因素痴呆/流行病学流行病学方法大不列颠精神障碍/流行病学神经症性障碍/流行病学斯堪的纳维亚老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Molecular genetics in psychiatric epidemiology: the promise and challenge

引用

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE 1999年第6期29卷 1265-1271页

作者： Henderson, AS Blackwood, DHR Australian Natl Univ Natl Hlth & Med Res Council Psychiat Epidemiol Res Ctr Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

Psychiatric epidemiology is becalmed. Since mid-century, there has been substantial progress in finding risk factors for the common mental disorders of anxiety and depression. This has been almost entirely within a social paradigm. Much has been learned about the effects of interpersonal and other social exposures across the lifespan in contributing to these disorders (Brown & Harris, 1978, 1989; Paykel, 1992; Blazer, 1995; Henderson, 1988, 1999). But the range of possibly causal variables has been narrow: demography, socio-economic status, childhood experiences, recent exposure to adversity and the availability of social support. The dominant paradigm has been environmental exposure, examining how experiences that arise outside the individual may have an enduring impact on mental health. The environment in question has been interpersonal or social. Within this paradigm, no new hypotheses of major significance have emerged in recent *** have known that the biological domain might be important in aetiology, but for the common mental disorders it has been largely passed over. Properties of the adult brain, whether innate or moulded by environmental exposures, have only rarely been accessible. With the advances in molecular genetics, this is changing (Rutter & Plomin, 1997). For epidemiology, there is now the possibility of bringing molecular genetics into studies of aetiology. Because of the significance of this development, we present a critical assessment of the prospects for population-based research using molecular genetics, the work already reaching publication and the methodological issues that are arising.

关键词：流行病学研究预测精神障碍/流行病学精神障碍/遗传学分子流行病学/发展趋势寡核苷酸序列分析多态性单核苷酸人类

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Patients with personality disorder admitted to secure forensic psychiatry services

引用

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 1999年第6期175卷 528-536页

作者： Coid, J Kahtan, N Gault, S Jarman, B St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent Acad Sect Forens Psychiat London England Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med Dept Primary Hlth Care & Gen Practice London England

Background Treatment of patients with personality disorder remains controversial and severe mental illness is prioritised in secure forensic psychiatry services. Aims To compare patients with personality disorder and mental illness according to demography, referral, criminality, previous institutionalisation and diagnostic comorbidity. Method A record survey of 511 patients with personality disorder and 2575 with mental illness admitted to secure forensic psychiatry services between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 1994 from half of England and Wales. Results Personality disorder admissions declined over time;more were female,White, younger and extensively criminal (specifically, sexual and arson offences). Personality disorder was highly comorbid;antisocial, borderline. paranoid and dependent personality disorder were most prevalent. Conclusions Patients with personality disorder were highly selected and previously known to psychiatric services. Referrer, diagnostic comorbidity and behavioural presentation determined their pathways into care. Future research must determine whether their continuing admission represents effective use of scarce resources and whether new services are required.

关键词：罪行司法精神病学住院医院精神病精神障碍/流行病学精神障碍/治疗比值比人格障碍/流行病学人格障碍/治疗监狱转诊和会诊回顾性研究成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A transition rate model for first admissions to psychiatric institutions

引用

STATISTICS IN MEDICINE 1999年第9期18卷 1111-1118页

作者： Oldehinkel, AJ Univ Groningen Dept Psychiat NL-9700 RB Groningen Netherlands

This paper describes the application of a parametric transition rate model, the generalized log-logistic model, to the duration of first admissions to psychiatric institutions. The final model included diagnosis, gender, age, living conditions and year of admission as covariates. Characteristics of the log-logistic model are described extensively. Parametric transition models offer challenging and promising possibilities to model duration of hospital stay. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词：医院精神病/统计学和数值数据住院时间/统计学和数值数据 Logistic模型精神障碍/流行病学荷兰/流行病学病人入院/统计学和数值数据青少年成年人老年人儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿婴儿新生男(雄)性中年人

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Homicides by people with mental illness: myth and reality

引用

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 1999年第1期174卷 9-14页

作者： Taylor, PJ Gunn, J Inst Psychiat Dept Forens Psychiat London SE5 8AF England

Background Tragic and high-profile killings by people with mental illness have been used to suggest that the community care model for mental health services has failed. Aims To consider whether such homicides have become more frequent as psychiatric services have changed. Method Data were extracted from Home Office-generated criminal statistics for England and Wales between 1957 and 1995 and subjected to trends analysis. Results There was little fluctuation in numbers of people with a mental illness committing criminal homicide over the 38 years studied, and a 3% annual decline in their contribution to the official statistics. Conclusions There are many reasons for improving the resources and quality of care for people with a mental disorder, but there is no evidence that it is anything but stigmatising to claim that their living in the community is a dangerous experiment that should be reversed. There appears to be some case for specially focused improvement of services for people with a personality disorder and/or substance misuse.

关键词：健康态度社区精神卫生服务/组织和管理英格兰/流行病学杀人/统计学和数值数据纵向研究精神障碍/流行病学精神障碍/心理学舆论暴力威尔士/流行病学人类

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Substance use disorders among adolescents in Taiwan: prevalence, sociodemographic correlates and psychiatric co-morbidity

引用

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE 1999年第6期29卷 1387-1396页

作者： Chong, MY Chan, KW Cheng, ATA Acad Sinica Div Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Inst Biomed Sci Taipei 115 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Inst Epidemiol Taipei 10764 Taiwan Kaohsiung Med Coll Dept Psychiat Kaohsiung Taiwan

Background. This paper reports prevalences, sociodemographic correlates and psychiatric comorbidity of substance use disorders (SUDs) among adolescents in Taiwan. Methods. A random sample of ninth grade students (N = 774) was selected from an urban, a suburban and a rural community. Two-stage case identification was employed with a brief screening tool and a modified Chinese version of the Kiddie-SADS conducted by child psychiatrists. Results. The overall prevalence of any SUD was 11.0%, with nicotine (96.0%) as the most prevalent substance. The prevalences of SUDs were significantly higher in boys, rural community and classes with poor academic performance. Sixty-two per cent of all SUD cases suffered from other concurrent psychiatric disorders. The most common co-morbid conditions were conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and mood disorders. Conclusions. High prevalences of SUDs were found among adolescent school children in Taiwan. Effects of urbanization, selective migration and the availability of substances are possible explanations for the urban-rural difference on the risk for SUDs. Psychiatric co-morbid conditions for SUD among adolescents in Taiwan were similar to those in Western societies.

关键词：共病现象横断面研究发病率精神障碍/流行病学社会经济因素物质相关性障碍/流行病学台湾/流行病学青少年女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Psychiatric morbidity of a rural Indian community - Changes over a 20-year interval

引用

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2000年第4期176卷 351-356页

作者： Nandi, DN Banerjee, G Mukherjee, SP Ghosh, A Nandi, PS Nandi, S Girindrasekhar Clin Calcutta W Bengal India Univ Calcutta Coll Sci & Technol Calcutta W Bengal India Peeless Hosp Calcutta W Bengal India Rankrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan Calcutta W Bengal India

Background Cross-sectional studies give no indication of the changes that may occur in the mental health status of a community in course of times. Studies should be designed to assess these changes. Aims To assess the changes, if any, in the prevalence of mental disorders in a rural community after an interval of 20 years in the context of its changing socio economic conditions. Method A door-to-door survey of the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in two villages was conducted by a team of psychiatrists. The survey was repeated after 20 years by the same team and by the same method. Changes in the mental health status of the community were compared. Results Total morbidity per 1000 fell from 116.8 to 105.2. Morbidity in men fell from 86.9 to 73.5 per 1000 and in women from 146.8 to 138.3 per 1000. Rates of anxiety, hysteria and phobia had fallen dramatically and those of depression and mania had risen significantly. Conclusion The level of psychiatric morbidity showed no statistically significant change. The morbidity pattern (relative proportion of type of morbidity), however, showed some interesting changes. Similar studies should be done on a larger sample. Declaration of interest None.

关键词：年龄分布数据收集随访研究健康状况印度/流行病学精神障碍/流行病学精神卫生患病率农村卫生/统计学和数值数据性别分布社会经济因素青少年成年人儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿婴儿新生男(雄)性中年人

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Socio-economic factors that predict psychiatric admissions at a local level

引用

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE 1999年第5期29卷 1235-1241页

作者： Koppel, S McGuffin, P Univ Wales Hosp Coll Med Div Psychol Med Cardiff CF4 4XN S Glam Wales

Background. The aim of the study was to confirm the predictive relationship between socio-economic factors and psychiatric admissions at a fine grain geographical level. The strength of association was compared with those of other studies that have looked at separate diagnostic groups. Method. Psychiatric admissions were from electoral wards of the County of South Glamorgan, which encompasses the capital city of Wales, Cardiff. Standardized psychiatric admission ratios (SAR) for different diagnostic groups were calculated for a 5-year period. The ecological association with deprivation indices and with single variables at the level of electoral ward was examined. Of a total of 15266 psychiatric admissions, 11296 were analysed. Results. Psychiatric morbidity, reflected in SAR was inversely related to socio-economic deprivation for both sexes. This applied to all diagnostic groups except organic disorders. The relationship was most marked for schizophrenia, delusional disorders and substance abuse, closely followed by personality disorders, and less for affective and neurotic disorders. Little difference existed between three composite indices of deprivation (Carstairs, Jarman, Townsend), but the marginally best predictor was that designed by Jarman. However, low rates of car ownership and high unemployment were as good at predicting SAR as any of the compound indices. Conclusion. Socio-economic factors account for almost 50% of the variance in psychiatric admission rates between electoral wards. The degree of association between psychiatric morbidity and deprivation varies between diagnostic groups, arguing against a common factor linking deprivation and psychiatric admissions generally. Frequently updated unemployment figures provide nearly as useful and more immediate information than 10-yearly Census data used to calculate the deprivation indices. These figures may be used for needs assessment and targeting resources at a local level.

关键词：卫生服务需求发病率精神障碍/流行病学精神障碍/治疗年患病率病人入院危险因素社会阶级青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：