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The pharmacokinetics of promethazine after intravenous administration in camels

RESEARCh IN VETERINARY SCIENCE 1999年第2期66卷 159-160页

作者： Wasfi, IA Barezaiq, IM Alkatheeri, NA hadi, AAA Boni, NS Almuhrami, AM Elghazali, M Camelracing Lab Forens Sci Lab Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates

The pharmacokinetics of promethazine were determined in seven camels (Camelus dromedarius) after an intravenous dose of 0.5 mg kg body weight.(-1) The data obtained (median and range) were as follows: the elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta)) was 5.62 (2.84-6.51) h;the steady state volume of distribution (V-dss) was 8.90 (7.10-12.00) L kg(-1), total body clearance (C-T) was 24.5 (17.22-33.65) mi kg(-1) min(-1) and renal clearance (Cl-r was 4.81 (1.97-5.48) ml kg(-1) min(-1).

关键词：骆驼半衰期组胺h1拮抗剂/投药和剂量组胺h1拮抗剂/血液组胺h1拮抗剂/药代动力学注射静脉内代谢清除率异丙嗪/投药和剂量异丙嗪/血液异丙嗪/药代动力学动物男(雄)性

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In vitro release and diffusion studies of promethazine hydrochloride from polymeric dermatological bases using cellulose membrane and hairless mouse skin

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DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL PhARMACY 1999年第2期25卷 235-240页

作者： Babar, A Ray, SD Patel, NK Plakogiannis, FM Gogineni, P Long Isl Univ Arnold & Marie Schwartz Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci Div Pharmaceut & Ind Pharm Brooklyn NY 11201 USA

The study was designed to investigate the feasibility of developing a transdermal drug dosage form of promethazine hydrochloride (PMh). The in vitro release and diffusion characteristics of PMh from various dermatological polymeric bases were studied using cellulose membrane and hairless mouse skin as the diffusion barriers. These included polyethylene glycol (PEG), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hPMC), cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose, and carboxyl methyl cellulose sodium (Avicel(R) CL-611), and a modified hydrophilic ointment USP. In addition, the effects of several additive ingredients known to enhance the drug release from topical formulations were evaluated. The general rank order for the drug release from these formulations using cellulose membrane was observed to be PEG > hMPC > Avicel CL-611 > hydrophilic ointment base. The inclusion of the additives had little or no effect on the drug diffusion from these bases, except for the hydrophilic ointment formulation containing 15% ethanol, which provided a significant increase in the drug release. however, when these formulations were studied for drug diffusion through the hairless mouse skin, the Avicel CL-611 base containing 15% ethanol exhibited the optimum drug release. The data also revealed that this formulation gave the highest steady-state-flux, diffusion, and permeability coefficient values and correlated well with the amount of drug release.

关键词：投药皮肤细胞膜通透性纤维素化学药物药物调剂可行性研究组胺h1拮抗剂/投药和剂量组胺h1拮抗剂/药代动力学小鼠近交hRS 软膏聚合物异丙嗪/投药和剂量异丙嗪/药代动力学皮肤/代谢动物小鼠

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Efficacy and safety of levocabastine nasal spray for seasonal allergic rhinitis

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RhINOLOGY 1999年第1期13卷 55-62页

作者： hampel, FC Martin, BG Dolen, J Travers, S Karcher, K holton, D Cent Texas Hlth Res New Braunfels TX 78130 USA SW Allergy & Asthma Ctr San Antonio TX USA Janssen Res Fdn Titusville NJ USA

This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficient and safety of levocabastine nasal spray, a potent and selective h-1-receptor antagonist, in the control of histamine-mediated symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Adults with greater than or equal to 2 year history of allergic rhinitis die to Mountain Cedar were randomized to treatment with levocabastine nasal spray (0.2 mg twice daily) or placebo for 28 days during the 1994-1995 Mountain Cedar allergy season. Patients assessed the severity of their rhinitis symptoms on a four-point scale twice daily. At the end of the trial, patients also performed a global evaluation of treatment efficacy on a five-point scale. Overall for the 4-week treatment period, levocabastine nasal spray significantly reduced major nasal (runny nose and sneezing) and primary rhinitis (runny nose, sneezing, and itchy/gritty eyes) symptoms compared with placebo on both repeated measures (p = 0.023;p = 0.01) and ANOVA (p = 0.003;p < 0.001) analyses. Global evaluations of treatment efficacy at the end of the trial significantly favored levocabastine over placebo (p = 0.002). Overall, the incidence of adverse events I was similar for both treatment groups. In general, most adverse elements were mild in intensity, with sinusitis (17% each group), headache (17% placebo, 14% levocabastine), and rhinitis (8% placebo, 2% levocabastine) most commonly reported Levocabastine nasal spray 0.2 mg twice daily was significantly more effective than placebo in the relief of histamine-mediated symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and was well tolerated over the 28-day treatment period.

关键词：投药鼻内方差分析双盲法组胺h1拮抗剂/投药和剂量哌啶类/投药和剂量安慰剂鼻炎变应性季节性/诊断鼻炎变应性季节性/药物疗法时间因素成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Effect of 60 mg twice-daily fexofenadine hCl on quality of life, work and classroom productivity, and regular activity in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria

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JOURNAL OF ThE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY 2000年第1期43卷 24-30页

作者： Thompson, AK Finn, AF Schoenwetter, WF Hoechst Marion Roussel US Med Affairs Kansas City MO 64137 USA Natl Urticaria Res & Treatment Ctr Allergy Ctr Charleston SC USA Natl Urticaria Res & Treatment Ctr Asthma Ctr Charleston SC USA Pk Nicollet Clin Minneapolis MN USA

The effect of 60 mg twice-daily fexofenadine hCl on health-related quality of life and productivity at work, in the classroom, and during daily activities in patients with moderate to severe chronic idiopathic urticaria symptoms was studied in two identical, 4-week, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trials. Patients self-administered the Dermatology Life Quality Index (score, 0-30) and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment instrument (0%-100%). In both trials, improvements in Dermatology Life Quality Index scores in fexofenadine-treated patients (N = 169) were statistically significant compared with placebo (P less than or equal to .0002). Similarly improvements in productivity scores with fexofenadine 60 mg twice daily were statistically superior to placebo at work (n = 120, P less than or equal to .0152) and in performance of daily activities (n = 166, P less than or equal to .0002). There was a trend toward improved classroom productivity (n = 26) with fexofenadine. We conclude fexofenadine 60 mg twice daily improves health-related quality of life, increases work productivity, and improves performance of daily activities in patients with moderate to severe chronic idiopathic urticaria.

关键词：慢性病组胺h1拮抗剂/投药和剂量组胺h1拮抗剂/治疗应用生活质量特非那定/投药和剂量特非那定/类似物和衍生物特非那定/治疗应用荨麻疹/药物疗法青少年成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Prochlorperazine versus promethazine for uncomplicated nausea and vomiting in the emergency department: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial

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ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2000年第2期36卷 89-94页

作者： Ernst, AA Weiss, SJ Park, S Takakuwa, KM Diercks, DB Univ Calif Davis Dept Med Div Emergency Med Sacramento CA 95817 USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Emergency Med Nashville TN USA

Study objective: Nausea and vomiting related to gastritis or gastroenteritis are common complaints in the emergency department. The most effective antiemetic agent is yet undetermined. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of prochlorperazine versus promethazine for uncomplicated nausea and vomiting in the ED. Methods: The study was a randomized, double-blind comparison of prochlorperazine (Compazine) and promethazine (Phenergan) for acute ED treatment of gastritis or gastroenteritis. We studied patients 18 years or older with presumed uncomplicated gastritis or gastroenteritis who presented to 2 academic EDs. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either prochlorperazine, 10 mg intravenously, or promethazine, 25 mg intravenously. Visual analog scale readings of patient comfort were obtained at baseline and at 30- and 60-minute intervals. The primary endpoint was degree of relief at 30 and 60-minutes. Secondary endpoints were time to complete relief, need for further antiemetic medication (treatment failures), and side effects. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric analysis and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Eighty-four patients were enrolled in the study;42 received prochlorperazine and 42 received promethazine. There were no differences in demographics in the 2 groups. At baseline (time 0), there was no difference in symptoms (P=.23). At 30 and 60 minutes after receiving medication, prochlorperazine worked significantly better than promethazine (P=.004 and P<.001 using nonparametric analysis). Using repeated-measures ANOVA, there was a significant difference in symptoms over time for both groups (P<.001) and a significant difference in prochlorperazine versus promethazine (P=.002). Time to complete relief was significantly shorter with prochlorperazine (P=.021). There were significantly fewer treatment failures with prochlorperazine (P=.03, 9.5% versus 31%, difference 21%, 95% co

关键词：方差分析止吐药/投药和剂量双盲法急诊室医院胃肠炎/并发症胃肠炎/药物疗法组胺h1拮抗剂/投药和剂量恶心/药物疗法恶心/病因学丙氯拉嗪/投药和剂量异丙嗪/投药和剂量前瞻性研究疾病严重程度指数统计学非参数治疗结果呕吐/药物疗法呕吐/病因学青少年成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Acoustic rhinometry evaluation of nasal response to histamine and antigen in guinea pigs

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RhINOLOGY 1999年第1期13卷 67-71页

作者： Ohkawa, C Ukai, K Miyahara, Y Sakakura, Y Mie Univ Sch Med Dept Otorhinolaryngol Tsu Mie 514 Japan

The effects of antigen and histamine on the changes of nasal passage patency in 112 guinea pigs with or without allergic rhinitis Mere evaluated by acoustic rhinometry. The percent change of volume from the nostril to 2 an into the nasal cavity showed significant reduction of 31.10 +/- 4.11% at 10 minutes and 31.10 +/- 4.11% at 30 minutes after antigen challenge in sensitized guinea pigs. The pretreatment,with ketotifen, an h-1-histamine receptor antagonist as well as mast cell stabilizing drug, blocked dose-dependently the effects of antigen on those changes in volume. Furthermore, instillation of 10(4) mu g/mL histamine reduced significantly nasal passage patency to 33.77 +/- 4.63% at IO minutes and 42.76 +/- 3.32% at 30 minutes after challenge compared with that before challenge and ketotifen inhibited the effects of histamine, which indicated that histamine is an important mediator of allergic upper airway responses in guinea pigs. These results show that acoustic rhinometry is a useful technique to assess the nasal blockade in allergic guinea pigs.

关键词：声学/仪器和设备抗原/投药和剂量抗原/药理学组胺/投药和剂量组胺/药理学组胺h1拮抗剂/投药和剂量组胺h1拮抗剂/药理学免疫法/方法酮替芬/投药和剂量酮替芬/药理学测压法/仪器和设备测压法/方法测压法/统计学和数值数据鼻腔/药物作用鼻腔/生理学时间因素动物豚鼠男(雄)性

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Rosiglitazone maleate. Ketotifen fumarate.

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American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJhP : official journal of the American Society of health-System Pharmacists 1999年第19期56卷 1924-1926页

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Loratadine/pseudoephedrine for nasal symptoms in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study

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Ear, nose, & throat journal 2000年第4期79卷 E4-E4页

作者： E A McFadden A Gungor B Ng B Mamikoglu R Moinuddin J Corey Allergy Clinic University of Chicago Medical Center IL USA.

In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, parallel study, we treated 20 adults who had seasonal allergic rhinitis with once-daily fixed-combination loratadine/pseudoephedrine sulfate to observe its effect on relieving symptoms, primarily nasal congestion. Acoustic rhinometry detected a trend toward improvement in nasal patency, although the difference between pre- and post-treatment measures was not statistically significant. Endoscopic inferior turbinate photography documented that treatment led to statistically significant reductions in the amount of nasal edema and nasal secretions. The results of a quality-of-life questionnaire suggested that treatment alleviated nasal and ocular symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis. An analysis of subjective visual analog scale scores showed a trend toward improvement in most but not all nasal symptoms. We conclude that once-a-day fixed-combination loratadine/pseudoephedrine is effective in relieving nasal congestion in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

关键词：抗变态反应药/投药和剂量抗变态反应药/治疗应用交叉研究双盲法用药计划表复方合剂内窥镜检查麻黄碱/投药和剂量麻黄碱/治疗应用组胺h1拮抗剂/投药和剂量组胺h1拮抗剂/治疗应用氯雷他定/投药和剂量氯雷他定/治疗应用病人满意度摄影术生活质量/心理学鼻炎变应性季节性/药物疗法鼻炎变应性季节性/心理学治疗结果血管收缩药/投药和剂量血管收缩药/治疗应用成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Intravenous lorazepam versus dimenhydrinate for treatment of vertigo in the emergency department: A randomized clinical trial

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ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2000年第4期36卷 310-319页

作者： Marill, KA Walsh, MJ Nelson, BK Texas Tech Univ Hlth Sci Ctr Dept Emergency Med El Paso TX USA

Study objective: To determine whether lorazepam is more effective than dimenhydrinate in relieving the symptom of vertigo in the emergency department setting. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of intravenous lorazepam versus dimenhydrinate therapy was conducted in the ED of a county-owned, university-affiliated hospital. All adult patients who presented between January 24, 1998, and May 23, 1999, with the symptom of vertigo were eligible for inclusion. The intervention was varying the intravenous treatment between lorazepam, 2 mg, and dimenhydrinate, 50 mg. All patients received intravenous infusion of Ringer's lactate solution at a rate of 100 mL/h. Adequacy of randomization to the 2 treatment groups was assessed by comparing the patients' relevant baseline history, physical examination, and symptoms. The predetermined primary outcome measurement was the patient's sensation of "vertigo with ambulation" 1 and 2 hours after treatment. Secondary outcome measurements included vertigo while lying, sitting, and turning the head, ability to ambulate as judged by the enrolling physician, and sensation of nausea and drowsiness 1 and 2 hours after treatment, and whether the patient was "ready to go home" per patient report or physician assessment 2 hours after treatment. All patient symptoms were reported on 10-point scales. Outcome measurements were compared between the 2 treatment groups with a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U, and chi(2) test as appropriate. Results: Ten patients refused entry into the study, 16 were excluded, and 74 were enrolled, treated, and included in the analysis. One enrolled patient had evidence of vertigo of central origin. The pretreatment values of vertigo with ambulation were strongly correlated with the patient's ability to ambulate (P<.001), suggesting good internal validity. The patients randomly assigned to the lorazepam group were sicker based on their pretreatment symptom

关键词：茶苯海明/投药和剂量茶苯海明/治疗应用双盲法急诊室医院 GABA调节剂/投药和剂量 GABA调节剂/治疗应用组胺h1拮抗剂/投药和剂量组胺h1拮抗剂/治疗应用输注静脉内劳拉西泮/投药和剂量劳拉西泮/治疗应用疼痛测定眩晕/药物疗法步行成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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