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Distribution, isolation, host specificity, and diversity of cyanophages infecting marine Synechococcus spp. in river estuaries

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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 2001年第7期67卷 3285-3290页

作者： Lu, J Chen, F Hodson, RE Univ Maryland Inst Biotechnol Ctr Marine Biotechnol Baltimore MD 21202 USA Univ Georgia Dept Marine Sci Athens GA 30602 USA

The abundance of cyanophages infecting marine Synechococcus spp. increased with increasing salinity in three Georgia coastal rivers, About 80% of the cyanophage isolates were cyanomyoviruses. High cross-infectivity was found among the cyanophages infecting phycoerythrin-containing Synechococcus strains, Cyanophages in the river estuaries were diverse in terms of their morphotypes and genotypes.

关键词：细菌噬菌体/分类细菌噬菌体/遗传学细菌噬菌体/分离和提纯细菌噬菌体/超微结构氰基细菌/分类氰基细菌/遗传学氰基细菌/病毒学 DNA限制酶类/代谢 DNA 病毒/分析 DNA 病毒/分离和提纯淡水/微生物学海水/微生物学

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A new bacteriophage, VHML, isolated from a toxin-producing strain of Vibrio harveyi in tropical Australia

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第4期89卷 702-709页

作者： Oakey, HJ Owens, L James Cook Univ N Queensland Dept Microbiol & Immunol Townsville Qld 4811 Australia Aquaculture CRC Ltd Broadway NSW Australia

Some strains of Vibrio harveyi are known to be pathogenic for fish and many invertebrates including crustaceans. Despite their importance, their modes of virulence have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we present a previously unreported bacteriophage extracted from a toxin-producing strain of V. harveyi isolated from moribund prawn larvae in tropical Australia. Classification into the family Myoviridae was based upon morphological characteristics (an icosahedral head, a neck/collar region and a sheathed rigid tail) and nucleic acid characteristics (double-stranded linear DNA). We have termed the bacteriophage VHML (Vibrio Harveyi Myovirus Like). VHML is a temperate bacteriophage that has a narrow host range and shows an apparent preference for V. harveyi above other vibrios (63 Vibrio isolates tested) and other genera (10 other genera were tested). The conventional methods for phage concentration and extraction of nucleic acids from phage particles were not efficient and the alternative methods that were used are discussed.

关键词：澳大利亚细菌毒素类/生物合成细菌噬菌体/分类细菌噬菌体/遗传学细菌噬菌体/分离和提纯细菌噬菌体/超微结构 DNA 病毒/分析弧菌属/代谢弧菌属/病毒学动物

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Bacteriophages as indicators of enteric viruses and public health risk in groundwaters

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第1期88卷 5-21页

作者： Leclerc, H Edberg, S Pierzo, V Delattre, JM Fac Med Lille Bacteriol Lab F-59045 Lille France Inst Pasteur Paris France Yale Univ Sch Med New Haven CT USA

1. Introduction, 52. Direct virus detection, 63. Bacteriophages, 63.1 Somatic coliphages, 83.2 F^+-specific bacteriophages, 93.3 Bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides fragilis,144. Summary, 155. Critical issues that mu... 详细信息

关键词：细菌噬菌体/生长和发育细菌噬菌体/分离和提纯脆弱拟杆菌/病毒学大肠杆菌噬菌体/生长和发育大肠杆菌噬菌体/分离和提纯淡水/微生物学丝杆病毒科/生长和发育丝杆病毒科/分离和提纯光滑噬菌体科/生长和发育光滑噬菌体科/分离和提纯公共卫生危险性评估沙门菌属/病毒学动物人类

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Killing of flies in electrocuting insect traps releases bacteria and viruses

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CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第4期41卷 267-270页

作者： Urban, JE Broce, A Kansas State Univ Div Biol Manhattan KS 66506 USA Kansas State Univ Dept Entomol Manhattan KS 66506 USA

Electrocuting insect traps (EIT) are popular devices frequently used by homeowners and food handlers attempting to localize the control of flying insects, including the ubiquitous house fly (Musca domestica L.). The traps contain a visual attractant and a high-voltage metal grid. Upon contact with the grids, the insects are disintegrated by the high voltage. As part of a systematic evaluation of EITs and their role in infectious disease spread, we quantitated spread of bacteria and a bacterial virus during electrocution or house flies. We loaded flies with Serratia marcescens or with the Escherichia coli phage Phi X174 and placed sprayed or fed flies into a room containing an EIT. While flies were being electrocuted, liberated particles and bacteria were assayed via agar plates or via air filtration samplers. Sprayed flies released one of every 10,000 of the added bacteria or viruses, and fed flies released one of every 1,000,000 of the consumed bacteria or viruses. Results of our studies suggest EITs could play a role in the spread of infectious disease agents, but the potential is influenced by the insect's route of contamination.

关键词：细菌噬菌体/分离和提纯疾病媒介大肠杆菌/病毒学家蝇/微生物学昆虫防治沙雷菌感染/传播沙雷菌黏质/分离和提纯病毒性疾病/传播动物

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Determination of enteroviruses, hepatitis A virus, bacteriophages and Escherichia coli in Adriatic Sea mussels

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第2期88卷 293-298页

作者： Croci, L De Medici, D Scalfaro, C Fiore, A Divizia, M Donia, D Cosentino, AM Moretti, P Costantini, G Ist Super Sanita Lab Alimenti I-00161 Rome Italy Univ Roma Tor Vergata Dept Publ Hlth Rome Italy AUSL 13 Ascoli Piceno Italy

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of enteric viruses in mussels and to verify the possibility of using phages as indirect indicators of mussel viral contamination. Mussels (36 samples) collected from three different areas of the Adriatic Sea were analysed to determine the following parameters: Escherichia coli, somatic coliphage (T6 phage), F-Plus (MS2 phage), B40-8 (phage of Bacteroides fragilis), enteroviruses and hepatitis A virus. Most of the results of the bacteriological analysis (most probable number (MPN) ml(-1)) were in accordance with the bacteriological limits established by European law, with the exception of seven samples. The bacteriophage analyses were always negative for F-Plus and B40-8, with the exception of a few samples, whereas the somatic coliphages were generally between 0 and 20 MPN g(-1), with the exception of two samples (110 MPN g(-1)). The virological analysis showed five samples positive for the presence of enteroviruses and 13 for the presence of hepatitis A virus (in three samples both viruses were present). Most of these samples presented acceptable bacteriological parameters and the bacteriophages were absent or their value was generally very low. The results show that the detection of E. coli and phages does not seem to be a good indicator of viral contamination.

关键词：细菌噬菌体/分离和提纯双壳纲/微生物学双壳纲/病毒学细胞系肠道病毒属/遗传学肠道病毒属/分离和提纯大肠杆菌/分离和提纯嗜肝病毒属/遗传学嗜肝病毒属/分离和提纯意大利逆转录聚合酶链反应/方法海水贝类/微生物学贝类/病毒学动物

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Thermal and chemical inactivation of indigenous Streptococcus thermophilus bacteriophages isolated from Argentinian dairy plants

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第4期63卷 509-515页

作者： Binetti, AG Reinheimer, JA Univ Nacl Litoral Fac Ingn Quim Programa Lactol Ind RA-3000 Santa Fe Argentina

Thermal and chemical resistance of five autochthonal bacteriophages of Streptococcus thermophilus, isolated from Cuartirolo cheese wheys and yogurt, was investigated. Times to obtain 99% inactivation of phages (T-99) at 63 degrees C and 72 degrees C in three suspension media (enriched tryptic soy broth, reconstituted commercial nonfat skim milk, and tris magnesium gelatin buffer) were determined. The thermal resistance was dependent on the phages studied but not detectable counts (<10 PFU/ml) were only achieved by heating at 90 degrees C during 5 min. The data obtained for the three assayed media did not permit verifying significant differences among them. Sodium hypochlorite (100 ppm) provided a fast inactivation of bacteriophage particles (<10 PFU/ml after 5 min). Ethanol, at concentrations of 75% and 100%, was also effective for phage destruction. Isopropanol was slightly less effective than ethanol at the same concentrations. Peracetic acid (0.15%) was also a very effective agent for phage inactivation. The results showed that these autochthonal bacteriophages were not completely inactivated neither by normal pasteurization treatments nor by some biocides commonly used in disinfection, except sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid. The practical implications of these findings have pointed out the necessity of recognizing the importance of establishing adequate conditions to assure effective thermal and chemical treatments in dairy plants and laboratory environments.

关键词： 2-丙醇/药理学阿根廷细菌噬菌体/分离和提纯细菌噬菌体/致病力乳制品/微生物学食品微生物学热温度动力学过乙酸/药理学次氯酸钠/药理学链球菌属/病毒学

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A new Mesorhizobium loti HAMBI 1129 phage isolated from Polish soil

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CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第5期40卷 341-343页

作者： Turska-Szewczuk, A Russa, R Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ Dept Gen Microbiol PL-20033 Lublin Poland

Phage A1 isolated from the rhizosphere of Lotus corniculatus was studied. It had a very narrow host range, as it was active only against Mesorhizobium loti HAMBI 1129. Phage A1 was classified as belonging to C Bradley's group bacteriophages. The latent period of A1 was 120-130 min and a burst size 13-17 particles per cell. The nature of the phage receptor was examined. Lipopolysaccharide from the phage-sensitive strain inactivated phage A1 in contrast to LPS from the phage-resistant bacteria. Purified LPS obtained from M. loti HAMBI 1129 had a high receptor activity with PhI50 value of 0.025 mu g/ml.

关键词： α蛋白杆菌/病毒学细菌噬菌体/分类细菌噬菌体/分离和提纯细菌噬菌体/生理学显微镜检查电子受体病毒/代谢土壤微生物学

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Comparative survival of free Shiga toxin 2-encoding phages and Escherichia coli strains outside the gut

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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 1999年第12期65卷 5615-5618页

作者： Muniesa, M Lucena, F Jofre, J Univ Barcelona Dept Microbiol Fac Biol E-08028 Barcelona Spain

The behavior outside the gut of seeded Escherichia coli O157:H7, naturally occurring E. coli, somatic coliphages, bacteriophages infecting O157:H7, and Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-encoding bacteriophages was studied to determine whether the last persist in the environment more successfully than their host bacteria. The ratios between the numbers off. coli and those of the different bacteriophages were clearly lower in river water than in sewage of the area, whereas the ratios between the numbers of the different phages were similar. In addition, the numbers of bacteria decreased between 2 and 3 log units in in situ survival experiments performed in river water, whereas the numbers of phages decreased between 1 and 2 log units. Chlorination and pasteurization treatments that reduced by approximately 4 log units the numbers of bacteria reduced by less than 1 log unit the numbers of bacteriophages. Thus, it can be concluded that Stx2-encoding phages persist longer than their host bacteria in the water environment and are more resistant than their host bacteria to chlorination and heat treatment.

关键词：细菌毒素类/遗传学细菌噬菌体/遗传学细菌噬菌体/分离和提纯细菌噬菌体/生理学大肠杆菌噬菌体/遗传学大肠杆菌噬菌体/分离和提纯大肠杆菌噬菌体/生理学大肠杆菌/遗传学大肠杆菌/分离和提纯大肠杆菌/生理学大肠杆菌感染/传播大肠杆菌感染/兽医学大肠杆菌O157/遗传学大肠杆菌O157/分离和提纯大肠杆菌O157/生理学淡水/微生物学聚合酶链反应污水/微生物学志贺毒素类西班牙水微生物学水净化动物人类

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Diversity of Bacteroides fragilis strains in their capacity to recover phages from human and animal wastes and from fecally polluted wastewater

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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 1999年第4期65卷 1772-1776页

作者： Puig, A Queralt, N Jofre, J Araujo, R Univ Barcelona Dept Microbiol E-08028 Barcelona Spain

Great differences in capability to detect bacteriophages from urban sewage of the area of Barcelona existed among 115 strains of Bacteroides fragilis. The capability of six of the strains to detect phages in a variety of feces and wastewater was studied, Strains HSP40 and RYC4023 detected similar numbers of phages in urban sewage and did not detect phages in animal feces. The other four strains detected phages in the frees of different animal species and in wastewater of both human and animal origin. Strain RYC2056 recovered consistently higher counts than the other strains and also detected counts ranging from 10(1) to approximately 10(3) phages per mi in urban sewage from different geographical areas. This strain detected bacteriophages in animal feces even though their relative concentration with respect to the other fecal indicators was significantly lower in wastewater polluted with animal feces than in urban sewage.

关键词：细菌噬菌体/分类细菌噬菌体/分离和提纯拟杆菌脆弱/病毒学大肠杆菌噬菌体/分离和提纯粪便/病毒学污水/病毒学西班牙水污染动物牛人类

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Occurrence and numbers of bacteriophages and bacterial indicators in faeces of yellow-legged seagull (Larus cachinnans)

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LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1999年第6期29卷 421-423页

作者： Muniesa, M Jofre, J Lucena, F Univ Barcelona Fac Biol Dept Microbiol E-08028 Barcelona Spain

Faeces from feral populations of yellow-legged seagulls from the northern coastal area of Catalonia (North-eastern Spain) contained variable amounts of faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, somatic coliphages, F-specific bacteriophages and Bacteroides fragilis bacteriophages. Occurrence and numbers of bacterial indicators and bacteriophages in the faeces of yellow-legged seagulls are in the ranges described in the faeces of different animals. The ratios between numbers of bacterial indicators and numbers of bacteriophages are much higher in faeces of seagulls than in treated or raw sewage contributed by out-falls of the same area.

关键词：动物野生/微生物学动物野生/病毒学细菌/分离和提纯细菌噬菌体/分离和提纯脆弱拟杆菌/病毒学鸟类/微生物学鸟类/病毒学大肠杆菌噬菌体/分离和提纯肠杆菌科/分离和提纯粪便/微生物学粪便/病毒学链球菌属/分离和提纯水污染动物

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