Background In spite of numerous studies addressing the effect of alcohol intake on the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) and several systematic reviews, the results were still controversial and inconsistent. In addit...
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Background In spite of numerous studies addressing the effect of alcohol intake on the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) and several systematic reviews, the results were still controversial and inconsistent. In addition to the selection of sample and study design issues, one of important issue related to long latent period may have strong influence on the causal relationship between alcohol intake and the risk of PD. The obstacle of considering latent period is the unknown latent period that precluded the conventional statistical methods from dealing with this issue. AimsBy making use a longitudinal Parkinson disease (PD) screened or a community-based integrated screening cohort with complete information on alcohol intake with dichotomous, frequency and duration of alcohol intake, this thesis aimed (1) to investigate the effect of alcohol intake on the risk of PD in terms of dichotomous property (yes/no) or three categories (current drinkers, ex-drinkers, and non-drinkers), frequency of alcohol intake, and duration of alcohol intake with adjustment for demographic features, smoking, betel nuts chewing. (2) To investigate the effect of alcohol intake on the risk of PD making allowance for different latent periods with a naïve method with adjustment for demographic features, smoking, and betel nuts chewing. (3) to provide a formal assessment of the hazard of alcohol-induced process for the development of PD compared with that of non-alcohol-induced process with a Markov and semi-Markov model; (4)to estimate the possible latent period of alcohol intake and proportion of PD attributed to alcohol intake based on the parameters obtained from (3).Materials and MethodsThe study population comprised two cohorts. The first cohort was included participants in the Parkinson disease (PD) screening program in 2001. A total of 9,829 eligible subjects aged over 60 formed a PD screening cohort was enrolled. Among them, a total of 55 PD cases were detected in 2001 and other 208
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