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Epidemiology of needlestick and sharps injuries in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL 2002年第4期30卷 234-241页

作者： Memish, ZA Almuneef, M Dillon, J King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp Dept Infect Prevent & Control Riyadh Saudi Arabia King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp Dept Internal Med Riyadh Saudi Arabia King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp Dept Pediat Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are frequently exposed to the danger of infectious agents through needlestick and sharps injury (NSSI). In Saudi Arabia, the hepatitis B and C viruses pose a great threat to the HCW because of their high prevalence rate (8 %-10 % and 2 % -6 %, respectively). Method: A prospective study on the management of NSSI at King Fahad National Guard Hospital from 1996 to 2000. Data relating to the epidemiology of NSSI were collected with the Exposure Prevention Information Network (ERINet) data collection tool. 1997. Results: The results were compared with data as reported by EPINet 1998. Consistency was demonstrated between King Fahad National Guard Hospital and ERINet 1998 for the occupational categories. locations, and the devices involved. Three anomalies were noted: (1) housekeeping staff injuries ranked third at our facility and eighth as reported by EPINet 1998: (2) injuries caused by devices discarded inappropriately commonly occurred at this facility but were not reported by EPINet;and (3) injuries due to unsafe practices ranked third at our hospital but ranked seventh in EPINet. To date, only 1 employee in our hospital had a seroconversion to hepatitis C. Conclusion: This surveillance highlighted risky practices and demonstrated employees and locations frequently involved in NSSIs. An education program was designed for all staff at risk of exposure, targeting higher-risk employees.

关键词：事故职业/统计学和数值数据肝炎乙型/流行病学肝炎乙型/传播肝炎丙型/流行病学肝炎丙型/传播针刺伤/流行病学职业暴露/统计学和数值数据比值比人员医院人群监测前瞻性研究沙特阿拉伯/流行病学人类

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Jaw fractures in Enugu, Nigeria, 1985-95

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 1999年第2期37卷 106-109页

作者： Oji, C Univ Nigeria Teaching Hosp Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Enugu Nigeria

A retrospective analysis of 900 patients with jaw fractures of the facial bones during the period January 1985 - December 1995 indicated that 747(83%) resulted from road traffic accidents, 75(8.4%) from interpersonal violence, 39(4.3%) from accidents during sporting events, and 36(4%) from occupational accidents, while the causes of 3(0.3%) were not stated. The left side of the face,vas affected more often than the right. The mandible was twice as likely to be fractured as the zygomaticomaxillary complex. The symphysis-body-angle and the condylar region were the most common sites of fracture of the mandible, while the zygoma was the area most often affected in the middle third of the face. Most maxillofacial fractures occurred in the age group 21-30 years, and the lo,vest among those over 60, Three times as many men were affected as women. We conclude that there Is high incidence of fractures of the facial bones caused by traffic accidents in our environment and, in all age groups, men were more likely to be affected than women.

关键词：事故职业/统计学和数值数据事故交通/统计学和数值数据年龄因素运动损伤/流行病学面骨/损伤颌骨折/流行病学颌骨折/病因学上颌骨骨折/流行病学尼日利亚/流行病学回顾性研究性别因素暴力/统计学和数值数据颧骨骨折/流行病学青少年成年人老年人儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿男(雄)性中年人

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Role of education in reducing child labour: Evidence from rural Bangladesh

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JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE 2000年第3期32卷 301-313页

作者： Nath, SR Hadi, A BRAC Res & Evaluat Div Dhaka 1212 Bangladesh

This paper explores the hypothesis that the level of education of children and their parents plays a major role in reducing child labour. Data were generated from a sample survey of 3809 children aged 10-14 years living in 150 villages in two rural districts of Bangladesh. A significant inverse relationship was found between child labour and years of schooling. Age and education of children, parental education, land ownership of household and fathers' occupation were the determinants of child labour force participation. Child's years of schooling is the variable that has most influence on the probability of participation in the labour force, followed by father's and mother's education.

关键词：孟加拉国教育程度就业/统计学和数值数据住房/统计学和数值数据职业/统计学和数值数据所有权/统计学和数值数据双亲/教育贫困/统计学和数值数据农村人口青少年儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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The Relationship of Farm Residency Status to Demographic and Service Characteristics of Agricultural Injury Victims in Central Wisconsin

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The Journal of Rural Health 1995年第2期11卷 98-105页

作者： Stueland, Dean Cleveland, David A. Rothfusz, Ron R. Zoch, Tom Jr., Peter Stamas Department of Emergency Medicine Marshfield Clinic Marshfield Wisconsin 54449‐5777 1000 N. Oak Ave. United States

Abstract: This study performed a surveillance of a defined population in central Wisconsin during a two‐year period that included six months of follow‐up. The study included those who worked and lived on farms and those who only worked on farms. The injury rate for farm residents was 3.15 injuries per 100 persons per year. However, 195 of the 510 injuries (38.2%) involved persons who were not farm residents. For nonfarm residents, 88.7 percent of the victims were male, whereas for farm residents 79 percent of the victims were male. More than one half of the farm residents who were injured were the owners and an additional 21 percent were juvenile children. Of those aged 18 to 29 years, 51.3 percent were nonfarm resident victims and 15.2 percent were farm resident victims. Of nonfarm residents, 41.1 percent were married;of farm residents, 65.3 percent were married. More than one half of all injured nonfarm residents were seen within two hours of injury while one quarter of the injured farm residents were seen more than 24 hours after the injury. Only 4 percent of the injured farm residents were self‐insured, but 15 percent of the nonfarm residents were self‐insured. However, the time of injury, actual injuries, diagnoses rendered, and services received were similar for injured farm residents and injured nonfarm residents. Effective attempts to intervene on agricultural injuries will need to consider different risk factors for injuries for nonfarm residents as compared to farm residents. Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

关键词：事故职业/预防和控制事故职业/统计学和数值数据农业/统计学和数值数据卫生服务范围/统计学和数值数据卡方分布社区卫生服务/组织和管理综合保健/组织和管理数据收集人口统计学保险健康/统计学和数值数据居住特征/统计学和数值数据农村卫生病人转送/方法病人转送/统计学和数值数据威斯康星/流行病学创伤和损伤/流行病学成年人老年人儿童人类中年人

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Nonfatal agricultural injuries among Colorado older male farmers

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JOURNAL OF AGING AND HEALTH 1999年第1期11卷 65-78页

作者： Xiang, HY Stallones, L Chiu, YL Colorado State Univ Dept Environm Hlth Colorado Injury Control Res Ctr Ft Collins CO 80523 USA

Objectives: This study described characteristics and potential risk factors for nonfatal agricultural injuries among alder male farmers age 60 years and older in Colorado. Methods: A telephone survey was conducted among 113 older male farmers between 1993 and 1995. Agricultural injuries and potential risk factors were evaluated. Results: A total of 27 injuries were sustained. The leading external cause of injuries was livestock, and most of the injuries affected lower and upper extremities of the body. Injured farmers were more likely to be persons who had gone deeply into debt or who were using prescription medications. Discussion: Older farmers are at risk of injuries. The study results support the need to consider physical limitations of aging in developing prevention programs in agriculture.

关键词：事故职业/统计学和数值数据农业/统计学和数值数据科罗拉多/流行病学问卷调查危险因素创伤和损伤/流行病学创伤和损伤/预防和控制人类男(雄)性中年人

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A preliminary report of the occupation of patients evaluated in patch test clinics

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American Journal of Contact Dermatitis 2001年第2期12卷 72-76页

作者： Rietschel, Robert L. Mathias, C.G.Toby Taylor, James S. Storrs, Frances J. Sherertz, Elizabeth F. Pratt, Melanie Marks Jr., James G. Maibach, Howard I. Fransway, Anthony F. Fowler Jr., Joseph F. DeLeo, Vincent A. Belsito, Donald V. North American Contact Dermatitis Group United States

Background: The interplay between the occupational environment and worker's skin can result in contact dermatitis of both irritant and allergic types. Other forms of dermatitis can also be influenced by occupational exposures. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the occupations and allergens of occupational contact dermatitis cases with nonoccupational contact dermatitis cases. Methods: Diagnostic patch testing with allergens of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group and occupational coding by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health methods. Results: Of 2,889 patients referred for evaluation of contact dermatitis, 839 patients (29%) were found to have occupational contact dermatitis. Of the 839 cases deemed occupational, 455 cases (54%) were primarily allergic in nature and 270 cases (32%) were primarily irritant in nature. The remaining 14% were diagnoses other than contact dermatitis, aggravated by work. The occupation most commonly found to have allergic contact dermatitis was nursing. Allergens strongly associated with occupational exposure were thiuram, carbamates, epoxy, and ethylenediamine. Conclusion: Some contact allergens are more commonly associated with occupational contact dermatitis. Nursing and nursing support are occupations most likely to be overrepresented in contact dermatitis clinics. © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.

关键词：变应原皮炎变应性接触性/流行病学皮炎变应性接触性/病因学皮炎刺激性/流行病学皮炎刺激性/病因学皮炎职业性/流行病学皮炎职业性/病因学路易斯安那/流行病学护士职业/统计学和数值数据门诊部医院斑片试验人类

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Exploring the formation of an employee injury team.

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Journal for healthcare quality : official publication of the National Association for Healthcare Quality 1997年第6期19卷 19-25页

作者： Klingel, P. MedCenter Hospital Marion OH United States

In May 1994, it was noted that lost work days due to employee injuries were out of control at MedCenter Hospital in Marion, OH. An employee injury team was commissioned by the continuous quality improvement steering committee to investigate and make recommendations to reduce lost workdays. An analysis of the situation required a data search that revealed several patterns and trends. This information was then examined and a decision was made to institute a "Back Care: Train the Trainer" program to reduce the major cause of employee injuries--back sprains and strains. The concept of teamwork is defined and the developmental process of a team is explored.

关键词：事故职业/预防和控制事故职业/统计学和数值数据背损伤/流行病学背损伤/预防和控制背损伤/治疗病例管理医院病床数 100至299张医院社区/组织和管理医院社区/标准在职培训管理质量小组/组织和管理俄亥俄/流行病学组织状况研究人员医院/统计学和数值数据危险处理/组织和管理病假全面质量管理人类

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Incidence rates of occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by metals

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American Journal of Contact Dermatitis 2000年第3期11卷 155-160页

作者： Kanerva, Lasse Jolanki, Riitta Estlander, Tuula Alanko, Kristiina Savela, Anja Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Helsinki Finland

Background: Data on the incidence rates (IR) of occupational dermatoses are scarce. Material and Methods: We calculated the IR of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by chromium, nickel and cobalt by occupation, during a 7-year period (1991-1997) from the data of the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases and from the statistics on the working population in different occupations. Results: A total of 2543 cases of occupational ACD were reported during 1991-1997. Cr caused 143 (5.6%) cases of ACD, Ni 176 cases (6.9%) and Co 41 cases (1.6%) of ACD. Women had greater number of occupational ACD from nickel, whereas occupational ACD from chromate and cobalt was more frequent in men. The ranking list of the IR of occupational ACD caused by Cr per 10,000 working years was (incidence rate in parenthesis) (1) tanners, fellmongers, and pelt dressers (12.20);(2) cast concrete product workers (6.94);(3) leather goods workers (4.71), (4) metal plating and coating workers (3.66);(5) bricklayers (3.44);(6) reinforcement concreters (2.79);and (7) building workers (1.32). The corresponding ranking list for Ni was (1) footwear workers (2.55);(2) machine and metal product assemblers (2.40);(3) electrical and teletechnical equipment assemblers (2.03);(4) precision instrument mechanics (1.73);(5) postal officials (1.48);(6) hairdressers, beauticians, and bath attendants (1.24);(7) industrial tailors and seamstresses (1.08);and (8) waiters in cafes and snack bars (1.04). The corresponding ranking list for Co was (1) printers (0.80);(2) turners, machinists, and toolmakers (0.36);and (3) machine and engine mechanics (0.17). Conclusion: The Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases forms a good basis for calculating IR. As IR illustrates the risk to become sensitized, preventive measures should be directed at occupations with the highest IR. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company.

关键词：皮炎变应性接触性/流行病学皮炎变应性接触性/病因学皮炎变应性接触性/预防和控制皮炎职业性/流行病学皮炎职业性/病因学皮炎职业性/预防和控制芬兰/流行病学发病率职业/统计学和数值数据人群监测患病率登记危险因素性别分布时间因素女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Suicide and occupation in Hong Kong

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PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS 2000年第1期91卷 105-106页

作者： Yan, YY Hong Kong Baptist Univ Dept Geog Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

Suicide rates were highest among Service workers and the lowest in Agriculture workers and fisherfolk in Hong Kong.

关键词：年龄因素农业/统计学和数值数据香港/流行病学职业/统计学和数值数据季节自杀/心理学自杀/统计学和数值数据老年人人类

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Transitions and inequalities in acute myocardial infarction mortality in New South Wales, 1969-94

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AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 1999年第4期23卷 343-351页

作者： Burnley, IH Univ New S Wales Sch Geog Kensington NSW 2052 Australia

Objective: To chart the transition in myocardial infarction mortality in NSW between 1969 and 1994 and to determine whether spatial, marital and occupational status differentials increased over time, despite overall mortality decline. Method: The study was undertaken in NSW for the 25-year period from 1969 when mortality from ischaemic heart disease declined. The demographic and spatial analysis involved descriptive epidemiology and utilised the unit list mortality fifes of the Australian Bureau of Statistics which are based on detailed death certificate information. Results: Spatial, marital and occupational status differentials in myocardial infarction mortality increased over time, more especially variations by occupational status, inland/metropolitan differences, and married/divorced or widowed variation. Spatial variations in mortality were not simply the result of occupational status differences as mortality from white collar groups was also elevated in inland areas. Spatial variation in mortality was not diluted due to the impact of immigration. Conclusion: Particular subgroups of people remained at risk and it is likely that differential access to ambulance services and travel time contribute, more particularly in inland rural areas. Implications: Groups at risk need to be more precisely targeted for preventative measures and public health initiatives, with particular implications for groups in inland rural areas. the Hunter Region, and outer lower income areas of Sydney.

关键词：年龄分布卫生服务易得程度/标准婚姻状况/统计学和数值数据心肌梗死/死亡率新南威尔士/流行病学职业/统计学和数值数据人群监测居住特征/统计学和数值数据危险因素性别分布社会经济因素成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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