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Cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in myocardial infarction

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 1999年第7期84卷 774-778页

作者： Sumida, H Yasue, H Matsuyama, K Yoshimura, M Hokimoto, S Mizuno, Y Miyao, Y Shimasaki, Y Kugiyama, K Ogawa, H Nonogi, H Kumamoto Univ Sch Med Dept Cardiovasc Med Kumamoto 8608556 Japan Natl Cardiovasc Ctr Dept Internal Med Div Cardiol Suita Osaka 565 Japan

The cardiac renin-angiotensin system is regarded as an important modulator in the infarct heart. Little is known about their presence and regulation in human hearts. We measured angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and renin activities at the aortic root and anterior interventricular vein (AIV) in 51 patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI): anterior wall MI in 31 and inferior wall MI in :20 and 33 control subjects. In the anterior wall MI group, the serum ACE activity was increased significantly in the AIV than in the aortic root (16.2 +/- 5.3 vs 15.3 +/- 5.0 nmol/min/ml, p < 0.001), whereas the activity was not different between the aortic root and AIV in the control (14.4 +/- 3.7 vs 14.4 +/- 3.7 nmol/min/ml) and in the inferior wall MI (16.5 +/- 4.8 vs. 17.0 +/- 5.2 nmol/min/ml) groups. On the other hand, there was Inc. no significant difference in plasma renin activity between the AIV and aortic root in the 3 groups (control group, 1.0 +/- 0.5 vs 1.0 +/- 0.5 pg/ml/hour;anterior wall MI group, 1.3 +/- 0.8 vs 1.3 +/- 0.8 pg/ml/hour;inferior wall MI group, 1.2 +/- 0.7 vs 1.3 +/- 0.8 pg/ml/hour). The difference in serum ACE activity between the AIV and aortic root had a significant positive linear correlation with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = 0.606, p < 0.001), and had a significant negative linear correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (r -0.620, p < 0.001) in the anterior wall MI group. Serum ACE activity from the infarct region of the left ventricle was augmented in patients with MI, and the activity was increased in proportion to the severity of left ventricular dysfunction, (C) 1999 by Excerpta Medica, Inc.

关键词：方差分析病例对照研究心脏导管插入术心室/酶学心室/代谢线性模型心肌梗死/血液心肌梗死/酶学心肌梗死/代谢肽基二肽酶A/血液肽基二肽酶A/代谢肾素/血液肾素/代谢肾素-血管紧张素系统/生理学成年人老年人老年人 80以上女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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DIRECT EFFECT OF ACTH ON RENIN RELEASE IN ISOLATED PERFUSED GUINEA-PIG KIDNEYS WITH ADRENAL-GLANDS

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ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA 1992年第2期127卷 142-145页

作者： HU, HY MOKUDA, O SAKAMOTO, Y SHIMIZU, N TEIKYO UNIV SCH MEDDEPT INTERNAL MED 3ICHIHARACHIBA 29901JAPAN

To investigate the direct effect of corticotropin (ACTH) on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, isolated guinea-pig kidneys with adrenal glands were perfused with various doses of ACTH (0.1-1000-mu-g/l) and 0.3 mmol/l of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (cAMP) through each cannula inserted into the abdominal aorta and the inferior caval vein. Perfusate renin activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of ACTH in a range of 0.1-1000-mu-g/l, and reached a plateau at 20 min with each dose. The perfusate cAMP level was dose-dependently increased with 10-1000-mu-g/l of ACTH. Perfusate renin activity was also markedly increased by the addition of dibutyryl cAMP. The same effects of ACTH on renin and cAMP secretions were observed in the kidney perfusion model from which the adrenal glands were excluded. Aldosterone secretion failed to respond to 0.1-mu-g/l of ACTH, and was increased by higher concentrations (1-1000-mu-g/l) in the same experiments. These results demonstrate that ACTH has a direct effect on renal renin release in a physiological concentration (0.1-mu-g/l), and that the action of ACTH is probably mediated by cAMP. The sensitivity of renin release to ACTH stimulation is no less than that of aldosterone secretion during ACTH infusion, so it is possible that ACTH is an important stimulator of the renin-angiotensin system.

关键词：肾上腺/代谢肾上腺/生理学促肾上腺皮质激素/药理学醛固酮/血液环AMP/血液剂量效应关系药物肾/代谢肾/生理学灌流肾素/代谢肾素-血管紧张素系统/生理学动物豚鼠男(雄)性

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Renoprotection and blood pressure

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KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL 2000年第4期58卷 1818-1818页

作者： Porush, JG Brookdale Univ Hosp & Med Ctr Div Nephrol & Hypertens Brooklyn NY 11212 USA SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr Brooklyn NY 11203 USA

Kidney International (2000) 58, 1818-1818; doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00348.x

关键词：血压/生理学肾小球硬化症局灶节段性/病理生理学肾素-血管紧张素系统/生理学动物

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CHANGES OF HORMONES REGULATING ELECTROLYTE METABOLISM AFTER SPACE-FLIGHT AND HYPOKINESIA

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ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 1992年第C期27卷 51-54页

作者： MACHO, L FICKOVA, M LICHARDUS, B KVETNANSKY, R CARREY, RM GRIGORIEV, A POPOVA, IA TIGRANIAN, RA NOSKOV, VB SlovakAcademyofSciences BratislavaCSFR.

The changes of hormones in plasma involved in the body fluid regulation were studied in human subjects during and after space flights in relation to redistribution of body fluids in the state of weightlessness. Since hypokinesia was used as a model for simulation of some effects of the stay in microgravity the plasma hormone levels in rats exposed to hypokinesia were also investigated. Plasma aldosterone values showed great individual variations during the first inflight days, the increased levels were observed with prolongation of space flights. The important elevation was found in the recovery period, however it was interesting to note, that in some cosmonauts with repeated exposure to space flight, the postflight plasma aldosterone levels were not elevated. The urine excretion of aldosterone was increased inflight, however in postflight period the decrease or increase were found in the first 1-5 days. The increase of plasma renin activity was observed in flight and postflight period. The rats were exposed to hypokinesia (forced restriction of motor activity) for 1, 7 and 60 days and urine was collected during last 24 hours. The animals were sacrificed and the concentration of electrolytes and of levels of corticosterone aldosteron (A), ANF and plasma-renin activity (PRA) were determined in plasma. In urine excretion of sodium and potassium were estimated. An important increase of plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration was found after short-term hypokinesia (1 day). These hormonal values appear to decrease with time (7 days) and are not significantly different from controls after long-term hypokinesia (60 days). A decrease of values ANF in plasma was observed after 1 and 7 days hypokinesia. After prolonged hypokinesia a decrease of sodium plasma concentration was observed. The excretion of sodium in urine was higher in long-term hypokinetic animals. There were no significant changes of plasma potassium levels in rats exposed to hypokinesia, however th

关键词：醛固酮/血液醛固酮/尿血管紧张素Ⅰ/血液激素类/血液激素类/尿钾/血液钾/尿大鼠 Wistar 肾素-血管紧张素系统/生理学钠/血液钠/尿宇宙飞行水电解质平衡/生理学失重模拟动物人类男(雄)性大鼠

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Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and myocardial fibrosis

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CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2000年第1期47卷 1-3页

作者： Brilla, CG Univ Marburg Ctr Internal Med Div Cardiol Marburg Germany

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Clinical implications of the ovarian/endometrial renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

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YOUNG WOMAN AT THE RISE OF THE 21ST CENTURY: GYNECOLOGICAL AND REPRODUCTIVE ISSUES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2000年第1期900卷 107-118页

作者： Hassan, E Creatsas, G Mastorakos, G Michalas, S Univ Athens Dept Obstet & Gynecol 1 Athens Greece Univ Athens Dept Obstet & Gynecol 2 Athens Greece

New organ-specific functions of angiotensin II have recently been described: the importance of its role in the regulation of secretory epithelial function in many tissues including components of the reproductive tract has been documented. The source of angiotensin II in these tissues is the reproductive tract itself, and there is considerable evidence to suggest a distinct renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the ovary and uterus, Two main subtypes of angiotensin II receptors are recognized as angiotensin-receptor I and II, according to their sensitivity to the angiotensin II antagonists. However, the presence of angiotensin II receptors in the male and female reproductive tract suggests a multiplicity of roles that are unrelated to their primary functions or to each other. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a major determinant of sodium balance in pregnancy, More recently RT-PCR methods have revealed angiotensinogen transcription in the smooth muscle of spiral anteries of the decidua;a specific allele of this gene may be associated with hypertension in pregnancy as well as in pre-eclampsia, We investigated the evolution of plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels during normal and hypertensive pregnancy. Both were found to increase progressively during all three trimesters of normotensive pregnancy, Plasma renin activity in hypertensive women remained unchanged during all three trimesters of pregnancy. Plasma aldosterone levels in hypertensive women increased progressively during all three trimesters of pregnancy. However, plasma aldosterone levels remained significantly lower than the ones of normotensive pregnant women. These increased aldosterone levels were noticed despite unchanged renin levels. Further clinical studies investigating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the pathogenesis of pregnancy hypertension are needed, A renin-independent role of aldosterone in this pathological entity is suggested.

关键词：醛固酮/血液子宫内膜/代谢高血压/血液高血压/病理生理学月经周期卵巢/代谢先兆子痫/病理生理学妊娠并发症心血管/血液妊娠并发症心血管/病理生理学受体血管紧张素/代谢肾素/血液肾素-血管紧张素系统/生理学动物女(雌)性人类男(雄)性妊娠

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Aldosterone and vascular damage

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Current Hypertension Reports 2000年第3期2卷 327-334页

作者： Duprez, Daniel De Buyzere, Marc Rietzschel, Ernst R. Clement, Denis L. Department of Cardiology and Angiology Ghent University Hospital B-9000 Ghent De Pintelaan 185 Belgium

Although the aldosterone escape mechanism is well known, aldosterone has often been neglected in the pathophysiologic consequences of the activated renin-angiotensinaldosterone system in arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure. There is now evidence for vascular synthesis of aldosterone aside from its secretion by the adrenal cortex. Moreover, aldosterone is involved in vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, as well as in vascular matrix impairment and endothelial dysfunction. The mechanisms of action of aldosterone may be either delayed (genomic) or rapid (nongenomic). Deleterious effects of aldosterone leading to vascular target-organ damage include (besides salt and water retention) decreased arterial and venous compliance, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and impaired autonomic vascular control due to baroreflex dysfunction. Copyright © 2000 by Current Science Inc.

关键词：肾上腺皮质/分泌醛固酮/生物合成醛固酮/遗传学醛固酮/生理学动脉/代谢动脉/病理生理学自主神经系统/病理生理学压力感受器反射/生理学身体水份/代谢顺应性内皮血管/病理生理学增生高血压/病理生理学肥大肌平滑血管/病理学肌平滑血管/病理生理学肾素-血管紧张素系统/生理学钠/代谢血管疾病/病理生理学血管阻力/生理学水电解质失调/病理生理学人类

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Novel actions of angiotensin II via its renal type-2 (AT₂) receptor

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Current Hypertension Reports 1999年第2期1卷 151-157页

作者： Carey, Robert M. Wang, Zhi-Qin Siragy, Helmy M. Department of Medicine University of Virginia Health Sciences Center Charlottesville VA 22908 Box 395 United States

The vast majority of the biologic effects of angiotensin II have been considered to be mediated by the subtype-1 (AT1) receptor. The AT2 receptor is expressed to a low degree in most adult cells and tissues, and its f... 详细信息

The vast majority of the biologic effects of angiotensin II have been considered to be mediated by the subtype-1 (AT₁) receptor. The AT₂ receptor is expressed to a low degree in most adult cells and tissues, and its function has not been understood. Recent studies, however, have identified novel actions of angiotensin II mediated by the AT₂ receptor in the kidney. These AT₂ receptor actions have importance in the control of blood pressure and hypertension. The AT₂ receptor mediates a renal vasodilator cascade, including generation of bradykinin, nitric oxide, and cyclic GMP. This action of angiotensin II occurs when the renin-angiotensin system is activated, as in sodium depletion. The AT ₂ receptor also appears to mediate prostaglandin (PG) F2α formation, probably by stimulating conversion of PGE2 to PGF2α. The AT₂ receptor plays a counter-regulatory vasodilator role opposing the vasoconstrictor actions of angiotensin II. The AT₁ and AT ₂ receptors engage in inter-receptor "cross-talk." In the absence of the AT₂ receptor, sustained angiotensin II pressor and antinatriuretic hypersensitivity occurs, mediated by a deficiency of bradykinin, nitric oxide, and cyclic GMP. The AT₂ receptor may play an important role in stimulating pressure natriuresis, but definitive studies are required to resolve this issue. The AT₂ receptor mediates several renal actions of angiotensin II, appears to be important in the physiologic regulation of blood pressure, and may be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Copyright © 1999 by Current Science Inc.

关键词：氨基酸序列/遗传学细胞膜/生理学高血压/病理生理学肾/病理生理学分子序列数据钠尿增多/生理学受体血管紧张素/遗传学受体血管紧张素/生理学肾素-血管紧张素系统/生理学血管舒张/生理学动物人类大鼠

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Regulation of matrix proteins and impact on vascular structure

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Current Hypertension Reports 2000年第1期2卷 106-113页

作者： Tuñón, José Ruiz-Ortega, Marta Egido, Jesús Department of Cardiology Universidad Autónoma Fundación Jiménez Díaz 28040 Madrid Avda. Reyes Católicos 2 Spain Department of Vascular Pathology Universidad Autónoma Fundación Jiménez Díaz 28040 Madrid Avda. Reyes Católicos 2 Spain

The vascular extracellular matrix is responsible for the mechanical properties of the vessel wall and is also involved in biologic processes such as cellular adhesion, regulation, and proliferation. Thus, an adequate balance of its components is necessary for the normal functioning of the vascula-ture. Vascular disorders affect this balance, and this plays a key role in their pathophysiology. Atherogenesis is accompanied by an increase in matrix deposition in response to low-density lipoprotein accumulation. However, this matrix, mainly collagen, also has a protective role by forming a fibrous cap around the lipid core, avoiding contact with blood. A decrease in the amount of collagen will weaken the cap and make it prone to rupture, leading to thrombosis and acute coronary syndromes. In hypertension, the increase in matrix deposition results in vascular stiffness and cardiac dysfunction. In this paper, we discuss the relevance of matrix regulation in these conditions. Copyright © 2000 by Current Science Inc.

关键词：动脉硬化/病理学动脉硬化/病理生理学缓激肽/生理学胶原/代谢内皮缩血管肽类/生理学细胞外基质蛋白质类/生理学高血压/病理生理学蛋白聚糖类/生理学肾素-血管紧张素系统/生理学血栓形成/病理生理学人类

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Spectrum of use for the angiotensin-receptor blocking drugs

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Current Hypertension Reports 1999年第5期1卷 394-401页

作者： Fabiani, Maurice E. Johnston, Colin I. Department of Medicine University of Melbourne Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre Heidelberg VIC 3084 Australia

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in regulating blood pressure, and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. Angiotensin II is the principal mediator of the RAS and has been implicated in the development of hypertension as well as other forms of cardiovascular and renal disease. Angiotensin II-receptor antagonists are a new class of drugs that inhibit the RAS by selectively blocking the AT1 receptor. These compounds therefore provide more specific and thorough blockade of the RAS by inhibiting the deleterious actions of angiotensin II at the receptor level, irrespective of how this peptide is formed. The increased specificity of action of angiotensin II-receptor antagonists may also circumvent unwanted side-effects normally associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (eg, cough and angioedema) as these agents do not interfere with the metabolism of other peptides (eg, bradykinin, substance P, etc.). There is still some concern with angiotensin II-receptor antagonists and the long-term effects of hyper-stimulation of the unopposed AT2 receptor that is caused by elevated levels of angiotensin II. However, it appears that stimulation of the AT2 receptor may actually contribute to the beneficial effects of angiotensin II-receptor antagonists by counteracting the effects mediated by the AT1 receptor. Angiotensin II-receptor antagonists display great therapeutic promise in the field of cardiovascular medicine and are currently being exploited as new antihypertensive agents. These drugs have demonstrated safety, efficacy, and tolerability;however, morbidity and mortality data are still lacking. Nonetheless, it is likely that angiotensin II-receptor antagonists will become part of the medical arsenal against cardiovascular and renal disease, thus consideration should be given to their future use as first-line antihypertensive agents. Copyright © 1999 by Current Science, Inc.

关键词：血管紧张素Ⅱ/血液血管紧张素转换酶抑制药/治疗应用血压/药物作用高血压/血液高血压/药物疗法高血压/病理生理学受体血管紧张素 1型受体血管紧张素 2型受体血管紧张素/拮抗剂和抑制剂受体血管紧张素/血液肾素-血管紧张素系统/药物作用肾素-血管紧张素系统/生理学治疗结果血管收缩/药物作用人类

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