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Dorsal root potential produced by a TTX-insensitive micro-circuitry in the turtle spinal cord

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 2000年第1期528卷 115-122页

作者： Russo, RE Delgado-Lezama, R Hounsgaard, J Univ Copenhagen Panum Inst Dept Med Physiol DK-2200 Copenhagen N Denmark IPN CINVESTAV Dept Physiol Mexico City DF Mexico Fac Ciencias Unidad Asociada Neurofisiol Montevideo Uruguay

1. The mechanisms underlying the dorsal root potential (DRP) were studied in transverse slices of turtle spinal cord. DRPs were evoked by stimulating one filament in a dorsal root and were recorded from another such filament. 2. The DRP evoked at supramaximal stimulus intensity was reduced but not eliminated after blockade of GABA(A) receptors. The remaining component was eliminated by blocking NMDA and AMPA receptors. 3. The DRP was reduced but not eliminated after blockade of AMPA receptors. The early component of the remaining DRP was dependent on GABA(A) receptors and the residual component on NMDA receptors. 4. The DRP was reduced but not eliminated by TTX. GABA(A), NMDA and AMPA receptors contributed to the generation of the TTX-insensitive DRP. The early component of the DRP in the presence of TTX depended on GABA(A) receptor activation, and the late component mainly on the activation of NMDA receptors. 5. Our results show that part of the DRP is generated by a TTX-resistant, probably non-spiking micro-circuit with separate components mediated by GABA and glutamate.

关键词： 6-氰-7-硝基喹喔啉-2 3-二酮/药理学荷包牡丹碱/药理学诱发电位/药物作用诱发电位/生理学兴奋性氨基酸拮抗剂/药理学 GABA拮抗剂/药理学 GABA-A受体拮抗剂神经网/细胞学神经网/药物作用神经网/代谢反应时间/药物作用受体 AMPA/拮抗剂和抑制剂受体 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸/拮抗剂和抑制剂脊髓/细胞学脊髓/药物作用脊髓/代谢脊神经根/细胞学脊神经根/药物作用脊神经根/代谢河豚毒素/药理学龟动物

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PROTEIN-METABOLISM IN TRANSECTED PERIPHERAL-NERVES OF CRAYFISH

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BRAIN RESEARCH 1976年第1期110卷 73-89页

作者： SARNE, Y NEALE, EA GAINER, H NICHHD BEHAV BIOL BRANCH BETHESDA MD 20014 USA

The significance of protein metabolism in crayfish [Orconectes virilis] peripheral nerve was studied in relation to the ability of crayfish motor axons to survive for > 200 days following axotomy. In contrast to frog peripheral nerves, crayfish nerves appear to more closely resemble ganglia in their synthesis profiles expressed on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels, and have higher incorporation rates of [3H]leucine into protein than ganglia. Since anisomycin inhibits > 95% of protein synthesis in crayfish peripheral nerve, this local protein synthesis was dependent upon a eukaryotic ribosomal mechanism. Radioautography of isolated nerves revealed newly synthesized proteins in glial sheaths, and within the axoplasm of large motor fibers. The glia surrounding the axons are probably responsible for the local protein synthesis, and some of these newly synthesized proteins are transported into the axon. Transection of crayfish peripheral nerves proximal to the neuron cell bodies produced a more than 2-fold increase in [3H]leucine incorporation, but no significant changes in labeling profiles of the proteins on SDS gels. While an active local protein synthesis may be necessary for the maintenance of several crayfish motor axons, it is not a sufficient condition.

关键词：茴香霉素/药理学河虾科/代谢放射自显影术氯霉素/药理学去神经支配抑制化学性神经节脊/代谢亮氨酸/代谢运动神经元/代谢肌去神经法神经组织蛋白质类/生物合成神经系统/代谢神经元/超微结构嘌呤霉素/药理学蛙牛种特异性脊神经根/代谢动物

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Blockers of sodium and calcium entry protect axons from nitric oxide-mediated degeneration

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ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY 2003年第2期53卷 174-180页

作者： Kapoor, R Davies, M Blaker, PA Hall, SM Smith, KJ Guys Kings & St Thomas Sch Med Neuroinflammat Res Grp London England UCL Natl Hosp Neurol & Neurosurg London WC1N 3BG England

Axonal degeneration can be an important cause of permanent disability in neurological disorders in which inflammation is prominent, including multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre syndrome. The mechanisms responsible for the degeneration remain unclear, but it is likely that axons succumb to factors produced at the site of inflammation, such as nitric oxide (NO). We previously have shown that axons exposed to NO in vivo can undergo degeneration, especially if the axons are electrically active during NO exposure. The axons may degenerate because NO can inhibit mitochondrial respiration, leading to intranxonal accumulation of Na(+) and Ca(2+) ions. Here, we show that axons can be protected from NO-mediated damage using low concentrations of Na(+) channel blockers, or an inhibitor of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange. Our findings suggest a new strategy for axonal protection in an inflammatory environment, which may be effective in preventing the accumulation of permanent disability in patients with neuroinflammatory disorders.

关键词：麻醉药局部/药理学轴突/代谢轴突/病理学苄普地尔/药理学钙/代谢钙通道阻滞药/药理学电生理学氟卡尼/药理学利多卡因/药理学神经变性/代谢神经变性/病理学一氧化氮/代谢一氧化氮供体/药理学亚硝基化合物/药理学大鼠 Sprague-Dawley 钠/代谢钠通道阻滞剂/药理学钠钙交换蛋白/拮抗剂和抑制剂脊神经根/代谢脊神经根/病理学动物男(雄)性大鼠

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EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON LOCALIZATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SUBSTANCE-P IN CAT PRIMARY SENSORY NEURONS

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BRAIN RESEARCH 1975年第2期100卷 235-252页

作者： HOKFELT, T KELLERTH, JO NILSSON, G PERNOW, B KAROLINSKA HOSP DEPT CLIN PHYSIOL S-10401 STOCKHOLM SWEDEN KAROLINSKA INST DEPT HISTOL S-10401 STOCKHOLM SWEDEN KAROLINSKA INST DEPT ANAT S-10401 STOCKHOLM SWEDEN KAROLINSKA INST DEPT PHARMACOL S-10401 STOCKHOLM SWEDEN

With the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons and collaborators the occurrence of substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity was studied in spinal ganglia (L6-S1), the spinal cord (L6-S1) and the pad skin of the hind paw of the cat. In untreated cats a very dense network of SP-positive fibers was found in the spinal cord in Lissauer's fasciculus, in laminae I–III and a rather dense plexus was seen in the ventral horns, in the area around the central canal (laminae X) and in the medial parts of laminae VI and VII. SP-positive fibers were also observed in the connective tissue under the epithelium of the skin. However, in untreated cats no specific immunofluorescence was observed in the spinal ganglia, dorsal roots or certain large peripheral nerve trunks. After certain experimental procedures such as local application of colchicine or compression of the dorsal root close to the spinal ganglion, SP-positive fluorescence was observed in a rather small number of neuronal cell bodies and in fibers. The fluorescent material was observed in the peripheral parts of the cytoplasm and the cell bodies were exclusively of the small type. Ten days after transection of the dorsal roots a marked decrease in the number of SP-positive fibers was observed in the substantia gelatinosa but not in the ventral horns. The present results give strong evidence for the occurrence of SP in a certain population of primary sensory neurons and support earlier findings that SP may act as a transmitter or modulator in these neurons.

关键词：秋水仙碱/药理学荧光抗体技术神经节脊/药物作用神经节脊/代谢神经系统/代谢神经元传入/代谢脊髓/代谢脊神经根/代谢脊神经/代谢 P物质/代谢动物猫

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DEPOLARIZATION OF PRIMARY AFFERENTS IN FROG SPINAL-CORD UNDER HIGH MG2+ CONCENTRATIONS

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BRAIN RESEARCH 1976年第1期117卷 153-156页

作者： VYKLICKY, L SYKOVA, E MELLEROVA, B CZECHOSLOVAK ACAD SCI INST PHYSIOL PRAGUE CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Increased excitability of primary afferents and dorsal root potentials (DRPs) can be elicited by direct electrical stimulation of the spinal cord when all synaptic transmission is blocked. The transmission of such 'asynaptic' DRPs increases when a train of pulses is applied and their amplitude is dependent on the frequency of stimuli in the train. The time course of the 'asynaptic' DRPs resembles the DR-DRPs in normal Ringer's solution. The explanation that can be presented for the increased excitability of primary afferents and for generation of DRPs under high Mg2+ concentration is the transient accumulation of K+, liberated from neurones during direct electrical stimulation. The results may be considered as further evidence for the hypothesis that transient increase of K+ that leaks from discharging neurones produces depolarization of primary afferents that form endings at their cell bodies.

关键词：动作电位细胞外隙/代谢镁/代谢神经元传入/代谢神经元传入/生理学蛙林脊髓/代谢脊髓/生理学脊神经根/代谢时间因素动物

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RAPIDLY TRANSPORTED PROTEINS IN SENSORY, MOTOR AND SYMPATHETIC-NERVES OF ISOLATED FROG NERVOUS-SYSTEM

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BRAIN RESEARCH 1976年第3期105卷 497-515页

作者： BARKER, JL NEALE, JH GAINER, H NICHHD BEHAV BIOL BRANCH BETHESDA MD 20014 USA

The synthesis and rapid axonal transport of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins was studied using the isolated frog spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate of synthesized and transported proteins revealed similar labeling patterns of proteins transported in the sensory, motor and sympathetic systems. The relative labeling pattern of transported proteins which accumulated at ligatures in peripheral nerves was different from those obtained from ganglia or nerves and roots when they were incubated in labeled methionine. When compared with methionine-labeled protein profiles of rapid axonal transport in other species and systems, a common set of rapidly transported proteins emerges. The approximate molecular weights of these common proteins include (in 1000 daltons): 18, 24-29, 34-36, 57, 65-68, 100 and 130. These proteins may represent fundamental macromolecules involved in the general maintenance of the function of nerve processes.

关键词：自主神经纤维节后/代谢生物转运神经节脊/代谢甲硫氨酸/代谢运动神经元/代谢神经组织蛋白质类/生物合成神经组织蛋白质类/代谢神经胶质/代谢神经元传入/代谢周围神经/代谢蛙牛感觉脊髓/代谢脊神经根/代谢交感神经系统/代谢动物

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