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On abandoning life when it is least difficult

SOCIAL BIOLOGY 1999年第1-2期46卷 154-162页

作者： Granberg, D Westerberg, C Univ Missouri Dept Sociol Columbia MO 65211 USA

Suicide data from Sweden (1911-1993) and New Zealand (1975-1995) were used to test a hypothesis derived as an extension of the Seasonal Affective Disorder concept. Contrary to the hypothesis, but similar to what Durkheim had reported regarding Central Europe in the nineteenth century, suicides peaked in late spring (May in Sweden, November in New Zealand). Durkheim's hypothesis that there would be more monthly variation in suicides in rural areas was strongly supported. Our hypothesis is that people abandon life when it is least difficult because of a disjuncture between experience and expectation.

关键词：新西兰/流行病学心理学理论农村人口/统计学和数值数据季节性情感障碍/死亡率季节自杀/心理学自杀/统计学和数值数据瑞典/流行病学市区人口/统计学和数值数据女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Pacific Island suicide in comparative perspective

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JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE 1999年第4期31卷 433-448页

作者： Booth, H Australian Natl Univ Res Sch Social Sci Demog Program Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

All available data for thirteen Pacific Island nations are used in a comparative analysis of suicide levels and characteristics. Age, sex and method of suicide are examined in detail. Global comparison shows Pacific rates are amongst the highest reported. Female youth rates exceed male rates in Western Samoa and amongst Fiji Indians. Method of suicide (paraquat ingestion) is instrumental in determining high rates in Western Samoa, especially in females. The broad causal theme is societal transition. Commonality and diversity are discussed.

关键词：年龄分布太平洋群岛/流行病学性别分布自杀/统计学和数值数据自杀/发展趋势青少年成年人儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Undetermined manner of death - A comparison with unintentional injury, suicide, and homicide death

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1997年第1期21卷 43-57页

作者： Sorenson, SB Shen, HK Kraus, JF UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES SCH PUBL HLTHSO CALIF INJURY PREVENT RES CTRLOS ANGELESCA 90024 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES INST NEUROPSYCHIATDIV COMMUNITY PSYCHIATLOS ANGELESCA 90024

Injury deaths can be grouped into four general categories: accident, homicide, suicide, and undetermined The present study investigates the use of the ''undetermined'' category. External cause of death, as well as demographic and other variables, were abstracted from death certificates of the 386,936 Californians who died of an injury between 1969 and 1991. Differences among the four manner-of-death groups were examined and characteristics of the decedent and the injury event were used to predict a classification of undetermined Coroners classified 1.9% of the deaths as undetermined in manner Deaths of women, Blacks, Asians and Native Americans;the very young and the middle aged;or those involving poisoning or submersion were most likely to be classified as undetermined Acknowledging that individual coroner judgment may not be free of bias, these findings can help provide a better estimate of the frequency and the epidemiologic features of injury deaths that are assigned to the category of undetermined.

关键词：事故/统计学和数值数据加利福尼亚/流行病学死亡原因杀人/人种学杀人/统计学和数值数据 Logistic模型少数民族/统计学和数值数据比值比危险因素自杀/人种学自杀/统计学和数值数据创伤和损伤/人种学创伤和损伤/死亡率青少年成年人老年人老年人 80以上儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿婴儿新生男(雄)性中年人

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Suicide among adolescents and young adults: A cross-national comparison of 34 countries

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SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR 2000年第1期30卷 74-82页

作者： Johnson, GR Krug, EG Potter, LB NCIPC Div Violence Prevent Atlanta GA 30341 USA Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston TX USA World Hlth Org Geneva Switzerland

Few cross-national reports have examined suicide rates among adolescents and young adults. A survey of suicides among 15-24-year-olds in 34 of the wealthiest nations demonstrated that 15,555 youths killed themselves in a 1-year study period. Thirty-four percent of these suicides were firearm-related. Finland led the participating nations in total and firearm-related suicide rates. An association was found between divorce rates and youth suicide rates, firearm-related suicide among youths, and suicide rates among young males. For a smaller sample of countries, an association was found between firearm availability and firearm-related suicide rates among youths and suicide rates among young males.

关键词：青春期行为/心理学文化交叉比较自杀/统计学和数值数据青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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COGNITIVE PREDICTORS OF SUICIDE RISK AMONG HOSPITALIZED PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS - A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY

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DEATH STUDIES 1993年第2期17卷 103-124页

作者： HUGHES, SL NEIMEYER, RA MEMPHIS STATE UNIV DEPT PSYCHOLMEMPHISTN 38152 JOHN L MCCLELLAN MEM VET ADM MED CTR LITTLE ROCKAR 72205

This prospective study examined the utility of several cognitive variables as predictors of suicide risk among 79 hospitalized psychiatric patients. These variables included pessimism (measured by the Hopelessness Scale), perceived and actual problem-solving ability (indexed by the Problem-Solving Inventory and Means-End Problem-Solving test, respectively), and polarized thinking, self-negativity, and construct system constriction and differentiation (derived from a repertory grid). Suicide risk was operationalized in terms of subsequent self-report of suicide ideation and staff records of time spent on suicide precautions. Results indicated that hopelessness, self-negativity, and poor problem-solving performance functioned as reliable predictors of suicide risk, whereas self-evaluated problem-solving ability did not. Interestingly, constriction emerged as a significant inverse predictor across criterion measures, suggesting that it might better be conceived as a measure of subjective uncertainty. Finally, patients at highest risk for actual suicidal behaviors could be discriminated on the basis of a unique cognitive structure marked by high degrees of differentiation and polarization, suggesting that conceptual disorganization and all-or-nothing thinking may provide an instigating context for suicidal or parasuicidal behavior.

关键词：成年人认知认知障碍队列研究女(雌)性医院精神病人类住院病人/心理学住院病人/统计学和数值数据病人医疗护理计划概率心理学试验/统计学和数值数据问卷调查回归分析危险因素自杀/预防和控制自杀/心理学自杀/统计学和数值数据美国

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Suicide rates in psychiatric in-patients: an application of record linkage to mental health research

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AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 1999年第5期23卷 468-470页

作者： Lawrence, DM Holman, CDJ Univ Western Australia Dept Publ Hlth Ctr Hlth Serv Res Nedlands WA 6907 Australia Univ Western Australia Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci Ctr Clin Res Neuropsychiat Nedlands WA 6009 Australia

Objective: To study trends in the rate of suicide in psychiatric patients in Western Australia. To examine the associations of suicide with demographic and clinical factors. Methods: A population-based cohort of 52,010 individuals whose first psychiatric admission occurred in 1980-95 was identified from the Health Services Research Linked Database. There were 471 deaths by suicide by 31 December 1995. Age standardised suicide rates per 1,000 person-years at risk were calculated. Suicide rates in the first year after a patients first admission were also examined and a proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to examine risk factors for suicide. Results: Male psychiatric patients were 3.4 times more likely to commit suicide than female patients (95% CI 2.76-4.24). Younger patients were at higher risk than older patients, and patients with extended periods of in-patient treatment were at more than double the risk of short-stay patients. Over the 16-year period, the rate of suicide in the first year after first psychiatric admission was found to increase by 3.4% a year (95% CI -0.7-7.6%). Conclusions: The findings confirm that psychiatric patients are at high risk of suicide. Patient outcomes in terms of risk of suicide after hospital discharge have deteriorated. Implications: Improvements are needed in the provision of community support to high risk psychiatric patients. Further work should be done to identify patients at highest risk of suicide.

关键词：医院信息系统/统计学和数值数据住院/统计学和数值数据病案连锁精神障碍/死亡率比例危险度模型危险因素自杀/统计学和数值数据自杀/发展趋势西澳大利亚/流行病学成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Suicidality and risk-taking behaviors: An ecological study of youth behaviors in 29 states

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PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS 1999年第3期88卷 1299-1300页

作者： Lester, D Stockton State Coll Psychol Program Pomona NJ 08240 USA

Ecological correlations over 29 continental states in a survey indicated that youth suicidality in 1993 was most strongly associated with measures of substance use and abuse, confirming associations consistently found... 详细信息

关键词：青春期心理学饮酒/流行病学饮酒/心理学酒精中毒/流行病学健康调查冒险物质相关性障碍/流行病学物质相关性障碍/心理学自杀/心理学自杀/统计学和数值数据美国/流行病学青少年人类男(雄)性

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Blindness and high suicide risk?

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PSYCHOSOMATICS 2000年第4期41卷 370-371页

作者： Hine, TJ Pitchford, NJ Kingdom, FAA Koenekoop, R Griffith Univ Sch Appl Psychol Mt Gravatt Qld Australia McGill Univ Dept Ophthalmol Montreal PQ H3A 2T5 Canada

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Trends in suicide in England and Wales

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2000年第6期176卷 595-595页

作者： Middleton, N Gunnell, D Univ Bristol Dept Social Med Bristol BS8 2PR Avon England

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Suicide in psychiatric hospital in-patients in Ireland

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2000年第2期177卷 181-181页

作者： Corcoran, E Walsh, D St Conals Hosp Letterkenny Donegal Ireland Inspector Mental Hosp & Hlth Res Board Dublin 2 Ireland

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