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Role of the cerebellar posterior interpositus nucleus in saccades I. Effect of temporary lesions

JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2000年第3期84卷 1289-1302页

作者： Robinson, FR Univ Washington Dept Biol Struct Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Reg Primate Res Ctr Seattle WA 98195 USA

The ventrolateral corner of the cerebellar posterior interpositus nucleus (VPIN) contains many neurons that respond during saccades. To characterize the VPIN contribution to saccades, I located this area in three monkeys with single-unit recording and injected the GABA(A) agonist muscimol among saccade-related neurons there to reduce or eliminate neural activity. I compared the size, direction, velocity, and duration of saccades recorded before and after a unilateral injection in all three monkeys. In two of three monkeys, I also examined saccades after bilateral injection. After unilateral VPIN inactivation, upward saccades were abnormally large (avg. across all 3 monkeys = 112% of normal) and downward saccades were abnormally small (avg. across all 3 monkeys = 94% of normal). In the two monkeys tested, bilateral inactivation increased these abnormalities. Upward saccades went from 111% of normal size in these two monkeys after unilateral inactivation to 120% after bilateral inactivation;downward saccades went from 97 to 86%. VPIN inactivation caused changes in saccade gain and did not add of a constant offset to saccades. (The 1 exception was upward saccades in 1 monkey in which both gain and offset changed.) Neither uni- nor bilateral VPIN inactivation consistently affected the size of horizontal saccades (uni- avg. = 101% normal;bi-avg. = 97% normal). In two of the three monkeys, saccades to horizontal targets angled significantly upward after VPIN inactivation (uni- avg. = 3.6 degrees above normal, bi-avg. = 10.3 degrees above normal). The velocities of horizontal saccades were not strongly affected, but downward saccades exhibited abnormally low peak velocities and long durations. Upward velocities were inconsistently changed. I interpret these results to mean that the activity of some VPIN neurons helps drive the eyes downward and the activity of others helps drive the eyes upward. The downward drive outweighs the upward drive. The net effect of VPIN inactiva

关键词：小脑核/细胞学小脑核/药物作用小脑核/生理学注视眼/药物作用注视眼/生理学 GABA激动剂/投药和剂量猕猴蝇蕈醇/投药和剂量神经元/药物作用神经元/生理学光刺激精神运动性行为/药物作用反应时间/药物作用反应时间/生理学眼扫视/药物作用眼扫视/生理学动物男(雄)性

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Immediate thalamic sensory plasticity depends on corticothalamic feedback

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1999年第14期96卷 8200-8205页

作者： Krupa, DJ Ghazanfar, AA Nicolelis, MAL Duke Univ Med Ctr Dept Neurobiol Durham NC 27710 USA

Multiple neuron ensemble recordings were obtained simultaneously from both the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex and the ventroposterior medial thalamus (VPM) before and during the combined administration of reversible inactivation of the SI cortex and a reversible subcutaneous block of peripheral trigeminal nerve fibers. This procedure was performed to quantify the contribution of descending corticofugal projections on (i) the normal organization of thalamic somatosensory receptive fields and (ii) the thalamic somatosensory plastic reorganization that immediately follows a peripheral deafferentation. Reversible inactivation of SI cortex resulted in immediate changes in receptive field properties throughout the VPM. Cortical inactivation also significantly reduced but did not completely eliminate the occurrence of WM receptive field reorganization resulting from the reversible peripheral deafferentation. This result suggests that the thalamic plasticity that is seen immediately after a peripheral deafferentation is dependent upon both descending-corticofugal projections and ascending trigeminothalamic projections.

关键词：脑图电刺激输注胃肠外利多卡因/药理学蝇蕈醇/投药和剂量蝇蕈醇/药理学神经纤维/生理学神经通路/药物作用神经通路/生理学神经元可塑性神经元/生理学大鼠 Long-Evans 躯体感觉皮质/药物作用躯体感觉皮质/生理学丘脑/生理学时间因素三叉神经/生理学触须/神经支配动物女(雌)性大鼠

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THE ROLE OF GABA IN INHIBITORY SYNAPTIC INPUTS ON INHIBITORY BURST NEURONS IN THE CAT

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ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1992年第1期656卷 964-965页

作者： YABE, T FURUYA, N Department of Otolaryngology Teikyo University School of Medicine Kaga 2-11-1 Itabashi-ku Tokyo Japan

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Posttraining inactivation of excitatory afferent input to the locus coeruleus impairs retention in an inhibitory avoidance learning task

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NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY 2000年第2期73卷 127-140页

作者： Clayton, EC Williams, CL Univ Virginia Dept Psychol Charlottesville VA 22903 USA

These experiments examined whether the nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) contributes to memory storage processing via its ascending excitatory influence on locus coeruleus (LC) neuronal activity. Activation of the LC leads to memory enhancement and also results in a widespread release of norepinephrine in target structures, such as the amygdala and hippocampus. Infusion of norepinephrine into either structure also improves memory for several types of learned responses. Thus, the capacity for norepinephrine to modulate memory within limbic structures may be contingent upon the functional connections between PGi and the LC, To examine this hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with cannula aimed above PGI (Experiments 1 and 2) or 1.5 mm dorsal or medial to PGi (Experiment 3). Immediately following inhibitory avoidance training (0.45 mA, 0.5 s), phosphate-buffered saline, lidocaine (Experiment 1), or 12.5 or 25 nmol/0.5 mu l of the GABA agonist muscimol (Experiment 2) was infused into PGi. On a retention test given 48 h later, the latency to reenter the footshock compartment was significantly shorter for subjects given either lidocaine or 12.5 or 25.0 nmol of muscimol compared to controls. In Experiment 3, infusion of lidocaine or muscimol into areas 1.5 mm dorsal or medial to PGi did not significantly alter retention, indicating that the memory impairment observed in Experiments I and 2 was site specific and not due to the spread of drug to cell groups surrounding PGi. These findings suggest that PGi may serve a vital function in relaying biologically relevant information to forebrain structures involved in memory via its excitatory influence on the LC. (C) 2000 Academic Press.

关键词：麻醉药局部/投药和剂量回避学习/药物作用回避学习/生理学 GABA激动剂/投药和剂量抑制(心理学) 利多卡因/投药和剂量蓝斑/药物作用蓝斑/生理学记忆/药物作用记忆/生理学微量注射蝇蕈醇/投药和剂量神经网/药物作用神经网/生理学大鼠 Sprague-Dawley 菱脑/药物作用菱脑/生理学血清素/生物合成动物男(雄)性大鼠

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