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Anesthetic formulation of tumescent solutions

DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS 1999年第4期17卷 751-+页

作者： Klein, JA San Juan Capistrano CA 92675 30280 Rancho Viejo Road United States

There is no standard or official recipe for the tumescent anesthetic solutions. The actual concentrations of lidocaine and epinephrine should depend on the areas to be treated and clinical situation. This article discusses the safe usage of tumescent solutions and the proper procedures and precautions to take when mixing these solutions.

关键词：麻醉药局部/投药和剂量麻醉药局部/副作用麻醉药局部/化学化学药物药物相互作用肾上腺素/投药和剂量肾上腺素/副作用肾上腺素/化学等渗溶液/投药和剂量利多卡因/投药和剂量利多卡因/副作用利多卡因/化学脂肪切除术/方法安全钠/代谢氯化钠/投药和剂量时间因素血管收缩药/投药和剂量血管收缩药/副作用血管收缩药/化学水电解质平衡人类

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"Cook weekend alternative to the facelift" - Liposculpture of the face, neck, and jowls with laser dermal resurfacing and platysmal plication

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DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS 1999年第4期17卷 773-+页

作者： Cook, WR Coronado Skin Med Ctr Inc Coronado CA 92118 USA

The "Cook Weekend Alternative to the Facelift" is a combined liposculpture and laser surgical procedure which produces excellent cosmetic results, in many cases comparable to the results of traditional surgical rhytidectomy, without the extensive surgical intervention and prolonged recovery time needed for rhytidectomy. The procedure consists of liposculpture of the face, neck, and jowls;laser resurfacing of the platysma and underside of the dermis;vaporization of subcutaneous fat;resection of a small ellipse of excess submental skin;separation of the neck septa;and plication of the platysma, with or without chin augmentation. Cosmetic results can be dramatic, and most patients return to normal activities approximately three days postoperatively.

关键词：麻醉局部麻醉药局部/投药和剂量颏/外科学真皮/外科学肾上腺素/投药和剂量美学面部/外科学激光疗法利多卡因/投药和剂量脂肪切除术/方法颈/外科学颈肌/外科学手术后医护整容术缝合技术血管收缩药/投药和剂量青少年成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Impaired cholera toxin relaxation with age in rat aorta

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JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 1999年第4期54卷 B154-B159页

作者： Chapman, J Schutzer, WE Watts, VJ Mader, SL Vet Adm Med Ctr Portland OR 97207 USA Oregon Hlth Sci Univ Dept Med & Pharmacol Portland OR 97201 USA

Beta-adrenergic-mediated vasorelaxation declines with maturation and aging. Available data suggest that impaired stimulatory G-protein function could explain this deficit. We have previously found a lass of cholera toxin (CT)-stimulated adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation with age in rat aortic membrane preparations, without evidence for loss of the stimulatory alpha subunit of G protein (Gs alpha) by immunoblotting. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if cholera toxin-mediated vasorelaxation was also impaired with age. Aortic ring segments from 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months old male F-344 rats were used. Contraction to KCl and phenylephrine was assessed along with relaxation to cholera toxin (azide-free), isoproterenol, and forskolin. There were no age-related changes to KC? or phenylephrine contraction. There xas a significant decrease with age in relaxation to isoproterenol. This loss with age was significantly greater with KCl-preconstricted vessels than phenylephrine-preconstricted vessels. There were no age-related changes in the relaxation to forskolin. There was a significant decrease with age in the maximal relaxation to cholera toxin as well as a rightward shift in the dose-response curve. Cholera toxin-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phospate (cAMP) levels were measured and there Has no increase in cAMP levels surrounding the time period associated with relaxation induced by cholera toxin. These data suggest that different preconstricting agents markedly affect the age-related changes in beta-adrenergic-mediated vasorelaxation. Furthermore, they suggest that the mechanism of cholera toxin-mediated vasorelaxation may not be mediated through increases in cAMP concentration.

关键词：腺苷二磷酸/代谢肾上腺素能β激动剂/投药和剂量肾上腺素能β激动剂/药理学衰老/生理学主动脉胸/药物作用霍乱毒素/投药和剂量霍乱毒素/药理学环AMP/代谢剂量效应关系药物福司柯林/投药和剂量福司柯林/药理学 GTP结合蛋白质类/生理学异丙肾上腺素/投药和剂量异丙肾上腺素/药理学苯福林/投药和剂量苯福林/药理学氯化钾/投药和剂量氯化钾/药理学大鼠近交F344 血管收缩药/投药和剂量血管收缩药/药理学血管舒张药/投药和剂量血管舒张药/药理学动物男(雄)性大鼠

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Tetrahydrobiopterin: a critical cofactor for eNOS and a strategy in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction?

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY 2001年第6期280卷 H2484-H2488页

作者： Tiefenbacher, CP Heidelberg Univ Dept Cardiol D-69115 Heidelberg Germany

The phenomenon of endothelial dysfunction has been described in different pathophysiological conditions. It can therefore be assumed that endothelial dysfunction is a generalized response of vessels to a variety of injuries. As the result of several clinical studies, it has become evident that endothelial dysfunction is of prognostic significance, for example, for patients with coronary artery disease regarding the rate of cardiac events (26). Nevertheless, there remains a lot of speculation with respect to the significance of endothelial dysfunction. To date, there are no large clinical trials demonstrating that treatment of endothelial dysfunction improves the prognosis. Furthermore, it is unknown which therapy is most effective, most safe, and most cost effective. On the basis of the available data, possible treatment options include angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, radical scavenging substances such as vitamin E, L-arginine, and tetrahydrobiopterin. These substances have been shown to improve endothelial dysfunction via different mechanisms, finally increasing the availability of NO and decreasing the presence of toxic radicals (4, 14, 34, 39). However, there are still controversies that need to be resolved. For example, whereas treatment with statins has been found to improve the prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease in some studies (24, 25), there is a recent study demonstrating that, although endothelial dysfunction is attenuated by statins, there is no impact on the prognosis (39). From the theoretical background and the very fundamental data demonstrating the important role of tetrahydrobiopterin for the synthesis of NO and for the regulation of the NO-producing enzyme NO synthase, a manipulation of the metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin may be promising with regard to the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in the future.

关键词：精氨酸/投药和剂量生物蝶呤/投药和剂量生物蝶呤/类似物和衍生物生物蝶呤/代谢心血管疾病/药物疗法心血管疾病/代谢心血管疾病/病理生理学临床试验(主题) 冠状血管/药物作用冠状血管/代谢内皮血管/药物作用内皮血管/代谢内皮血管/病理生理学酶抑制剂/投药和剂量组胺/药理学高胆固醇血症/药物疗法高胆固醇血症/代谢输注动脉内离子载体/药理学一氧化氮/代谢一氧化氮合酶/拮抗剂和抑制剂一氧化氮合酶/代谢一氧化氮合酶Ⅲ型蝶啶类/代谢蝶啶类/治疗应用蝶呤类活性氧/代谢种特异性 P物质/药理学猪血管收缩药/投药和剂量血管舒张药/治疗应用 ωN-甲基精氨酸/投药和剂量动物狗人类

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INJECTION DEVICE FOR PHARMACO-ANGIOGRAPHY

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ACTA RADIOLOGICA-DIAGNOSIS 1975年第5期16卷 541-544页

作者： JEKELL, K JOHNSSON, S SANDQVIST, S SODER SJUKHUSET ROENTGEN DEPT 1S-10064 STOCKHOLMSWEDEN

A device for injections of vasoactive agents at angiography connected with an injector for contrast medium and a film changer is described. It enables the examination to be performed according to predetermined data with a high degree of reproducibility. It lends itself particularly to experimental investigations of pharmacologic effects within various vascular areas.

关键词：血管造影术/仪器和设备造影剂/投药和剂量注射器血管收缩药/投药和剂量

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Vasopressin in the treatment of Milrinone-induced hypotension in severe heart failure

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 2000年第4期85卷 506-508页

作者： Gold, J Cullinane, S Chen, J Seo, S Oz, MC Oliver, JA Landry, DW Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg Dept Med New York NY 10032 USA Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg Dept Surg New York NY 10032 USA

Management of patients with severe heart failure and hemodynamic instability remains a difficult challenge. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) III inhibitors increase myocardial contractility and potentiate the inotropy of β agonists, and can be very useful in this setting.1–3 However, PDE III inhibitors also act in vascular smooth muscle to increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate and, via PDE IV inhibition, cyclic guanosine monophosphate.3,4 Although there is little response to these changes in normal subjects,5 in patients with severe heart failure and neurohumoral activation of adenylate and guanylate cyclases,6 PDE III inhibitors induce vasodilation and hypotension.7,8 A specific antagonist for the vascular action of PDE inhibitors could be clinically useful, and exogenous arginine vasopressin was of interest because this hormone inhibits activation of both adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle.9,10 Accordingly, we examined whether vasopressin at low doses, having no pressor effect in normal subjects, could maintain arterial pressure in patients with severe congestive heart failure receiving PDE III inhibitors.

关键词：血压/药物作用低血压/化学诱导低血压/药物疗法低血压/病理生理学注射静脉内米力农/治疗应用心肌收缩/药物作用磷酸二酯酶抑制剂/治疗应用肺楔压/药物作用回顾性研究治疗结果血管阻力/药物作用血管收缩药/投药和剂量血管收缩药/治疗应用血管升压素类/投药和剂量血管升压素类/治疗应用人类

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Endothelium-dependent relaxation by acetylcholine is impaired in hypertriglyceridemic humans with normal levels of plasma LDL cholesterol

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY 1999年第3期33卷 805-812页

作者： Lewis, TV Dart, AM Chin-Dusting, JPF Baker Med Res Inst Alfred & Baker Med Unit Prahran Vic 3181 Australia Alfred Hosp Prahran Vic 3181 Australia

OBJECTIVES. Patients with high triglyceride (of which very low density lipoproteins [VLDL] are the main carriers), but with normal low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, were examined for in vivo endothelium function status. BACKGROUND. Very low density lipoproteins inhibit endothelium-dependent, but not -independent, vasorelaxation in vitro. METHODS. Three groups were studied: Ij healthy volunteers (n = 10;triglyceride 1.24 +/- 0.14 mmol/liter, LDL cholesterol 2.99 +/- 0.24 mmol/liter);2) hypertriglyceridemic (n = 11;triglyceride 6.97 +/- 1.19 mmol/liter,* LDL cholesterol 2.17 +/- 0.2 mmol/liter,*p < 0.05);and 3) hypercholesterolemic (n = 10;triglyceride 2.25 +/- 0.29 mmol/liter,* LDL cholesterol 5.61 +/- 0.54 mmol/liter*;*p < 0.05) patients. Vasoactive responses to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, noradrenaline, N-G monomethyl-l-arginine and postischemic hyperemia were determined using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography. RESULTS. Responses to acetylcholine (37 mu g/min) were significantly dampened both in hypercholesterolemic (% increase in forearm blood flow: 268.2 +/- 62) and hypertriglyceridemic patients (232.6 +/- 45.2)when compared with controls (547.8 +/- 108.9;ANOVA p < 0.05). Responses to sodium nitroprusside (at 1.6 mu g/min: controls a. hypercholesterolemics vs. hypertriglyceridemic: 168.7 +/- 25.1 vs. 140.6 +/- 38.9 vs. 178.5 +/- 54.5% increase), noradrenaline, N-G-monomethyl-L-arginine and postischemic hyperemic responses were not different among the groups examined. CONCLUSIONS. Acetylcholine responses are impaired in patients with pathophysiologic levels of plasma triglycerides but normal plasma levels of LDL cholesterol. The impairment observed was comparable to that obtained in hypercholesterolemic patients. We conclude that impaired responses to acetylcholine normally associated with hypercholesterolemia also occur in hypertriglyceridemia. These findings identify a potential mechanism by which high plasma triglyceride levels m

关键词：乙酰胆碱/投药和剂量血流速度/药物作用肱动脉/药物作用肱动脉/病理生理学胆固醇 LDL/血液内皮血管/药物作用内皮血管/病理生理学酶抑制剂/投药和剂量前臂/血液供给高胆固醇血症/血液高胆固醇血症/病理生理学高甘油三酯血症/血液高甘油三酯血症/病理生理学硝普钠/投药和剂量去甲肾上腺素/投药和剂量体积描记术甘油三酯类/血液血管收缩药/投药和剂量血管舒张/药物作用血管舒张药/投药和剂量 ωN-甲基精氨酸/投药和剂量成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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选择性动脉内注射血管收缩药物控制上消化道出血的新方法

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黑龙江医药 1978年第3期 38-41页

作者：黑龙江省医院毛文山黑龙江省医院

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Loratadine/pseudoephedrine for nasal symptoms in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study

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Ear, nose, & throat journal 2000年第4期79卷 E4-E4页

作者： E A McFadden A Gungor B Ng B Mamikoglu R Moinuddin J Corey Allergy Clinic University of Chicago Medical Center IL USA.

In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, parallel study, we treated 20 adults who had seasonal allergic rhinitis with once-daily fixed-combination loratadine/pseudoephedrine sulfate to observe its effect on relieving symptoms, primarily nasal congestion. Acoustic rhinometry detected a trend toward improvement in nasal patency, although the difference between pre- and post-treatment measures was not statistically significant. Endoscopic inferior turbinate photography documented that treatment led to statistically significant reductions in the amount of nasal edema and nasal secretions. The results of a quality-of-life questionnaire suggested that treatment alleviated nasal and ocular symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis. An analysis of subjective visual analog scale scores showed a trend toward improvement in most but not all nasal symptoms. We conclude that once-a-day fixed-combination loratadine/pseudoephedrine is effective in relieving nasal congestion in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

关键词：抗变态反应药/投药和剂量抗变态反应药/治疗应用交叉研究双盲法用药计划表复方合剂内窥镜检查麻黄碱/投药和剂量麻黄碱/治疗应用组胺H1拮抗剂/投药和剂量组胺H1拮抗剂/治疗应用氯雷他定/投药和剂量氯雷他定/治疗应用病人满意度摄影术生活质量/心理学鼻炎变应性季节性/药物疗法鼻炎变应性季节性/心理学治疗结果血管收缩药/投药和剂量血管收缩药/治疗应用成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Effect of β-adrenoreceptor blockade with nadolol on the duration of local anesthesia

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION 1999年第12期130卷 1773-1780页

作者： Zhang, C Banting, DW Gelb, AW Hamilton, JT Univ Western Ontario Fac Med & Dent Sch Dent Div Community DentDept Anesthesia London ON N6A 5C1 Canada Univ Western Ontario Fac Med & Dent Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol London ON N6A 5C1 Canada

Background. beta-adrenoreceptor blockers, or beta-blockers, are drugs commonly prescribed for hypertension, angina and migraine headaches. In a patient taking beta-blocker medication, administration of a local anesthetic containing a vasoconstrictor could result in an adverse interaction. Methods. The authors conducted a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study to test the hypothesis that a nonselective beta-blocker-nadolol-enhances vasoconstriction induced by the epinephrine contained in local anesthetic, thus resulting in an increased duration of anesthesia. Ten healthy male volunteers were given either a placebo or a single, standard oral dose of nadolol (80 milligrams). The upper lateral incisor teeth were anesthetized using lidocaine with or without epinephrine. Results. The mean duration of pulpal and soft-tissue anesthesia was increased in subjects who took nadolol compared with those who took placebo by 17 minutes (58 percent) and 16.5 minutes (19 percent), respectively, when they received 1 milliliter of lidocaine containing 1:100,000 epinephrine. These differences were both clinically and statistically significant (P = .007). Using Lidocaine without epinephrine produced no clinically or statistically significant difference in duration of pulpal or soft-tissue anesthesia in the two groups of subjects. The authors noted no significant changes in blood pressure or pulse-rate. Conclusions, Administration of local anesthetic containing epinephrine to subjects receiving a beta-blocker increased the duration of pulpal and soft-tissue anesthesia. There was no difference in duration of anesthesia between groups when local anesthetic without epinephrine was used. Clinical Implications. Use of local anesthetic containing a vasoconstrictor should be avoided in patients taking beta-blocker medication because of a possible adverse drug interaction. However, when a vasoconstrictor is indicated for hemostasis, the local anesthetic should be administer

关键词：肾上腺素能β受体拮抗剂/投药和剂量麻醉恢复期麻醉牙科/方法麻醉药局部/投药和剂量交叉研究双盲法药物协同作用肾上腺素/投药和剂量利多卡因/投药和剂量纳多洛尔/投药和剂量时间因素血管收缩药/投药和剂量人类男(雄)性

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