检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Multiple flexible alignment with SEAL: A study of molecules acting on the colchicine binding site

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2000年第2期40卷 495-502页

作者： Feher, M Schmidt, JM Nanodesign Inc Res Pk Ctr Guelph ON N1G 4Y5 Canada

An extension of the steric and electrostatic alignment alignment (SEAL) method (MultiSEAL) is described that allows the overlay of multiple molecules and conformations. The method is well-suited for the systematic study of possible alignments, also revealing information about the conformational energies associated with a given overlay. It has been tested on three examples: angiotensin II antagonists, 5-HT3 antagonists, and dopaminergic compounds. The utility of the method is further demonstrated in an analysis of molecules that putatively bind to the colchicine site of tubulin. On the basis of its overlay with colchicine, allocolchicine, 2-methoxy-5-(2',3',4'-trimethoxyphenyl)tropone and combretastatin A-4, it appears that 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is unlikely to fit the colchine site properly. The weak antimitotic activity of 2-ME may be explained by its partial fit in the site.

关键词：血管紧张素ⅱ/拮抗剂和抑制剂结合部位秋水仙碱/化学秋水仙碱/代谢秋水仙碱/药理学多巴胺药/药理学药物设计静电学雌二醇/类似物和衍生物雌二醇/化学雌二醇/代谢雌二醇/药理学模型分子分子构象血清素拮抗药/药理学热力学

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Angiotensin II receptor blockers: Review of the binding characteristics

引用

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 1999年第10A期84卷 3S-8S页

作者： Siragy, H Univ Virginia Hlth Syst Dept Med Div Endocrinol & Metab Charlottesville VA 22908 USA

Several angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), including candesartan cilexetil, irbesartan, losartan, telmisartan, and valsartan, are currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of patients with hypertension. These agents share a common mechanism of action-antogonism of the angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) receptor-and as a result, they block a number of angiotensin II effects that are relevant to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, including vasoconstriction, renal sodium reabsorption, aldosterone and vasopressin secretion, sympathetic activation, and vascular and cardiac hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Unlike the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, these new drugs block the effects of angiotensin II regardless of whether it is produced systemically in the circulation or locally via ACE- or non-ACE-dependent pathways in tissues. ARBs also block the angiotensin II-induced feedback regulation of renin release, resulting in an increase in angiotensin II levels. With the AT(1) receptor blocked, angiotensin II is available to activate the angiotensin type 2 (AT(2)) receptor, which mediates several potentially beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system, including vasodilation, antiproliferation, and apoptosis. Thus, ARBs provide a highly selective approach for regulating the effects of angiotensin II.. (C) 1999 by Excerpta Medico, Inc.

关键词：血管紧张素ⅱ/拮抗剂和抑制剂抗高血压药/治疗应用高血压/药物疗法蛋白质结合/药物作用受体血管紧张素 1型受体血管紧张素 2型受体血管紧张素/拮抗剂和抑制剂肾素-血管紧张素系统/药物作用肾素-血管紧张素系统/生理学信号传导/药物作用人类

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Comparison of angiotensin II receptor blockers: Impact of missed doses of candesartan cilexetil and losartan in systemic hypertension

引用

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 1999年第10A期84卷 28S-34S页

作者： Mancia, G Dell'Oro, R Turri, C Grassi, G Univ Milan Biococca S Gerardo Hosp Dept Internal Med Med Clin Milan Italy

Blood pressure remains poorly controlled in the hypertensive population due in large part to low or unsatisfactory patient compliance. Clinical studies that incorporate an intentionally missed dose have been designed to evaluate the impact of poor patient compliance on the effectiveness of antihypertensive medications. In these studies, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is continued throughout the dosing interval and beyond in order to determine when systolic and diastolic blood pressure increase into the hypertensive range. In an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, the antihypertensive effects of candesartan cilexetil 16 mg were maintained after a missed dose, whereas systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased toward baseline levels after a missed dose of losartan 100 mg. Candesartan cilexetil provided a significantly greater reduction in sitting systolic (p = 0.004) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.008) than losartan when measured 48 hours after the last dose. Moreover, the hamogeneity of antihypertensive effects was greater after candesartan cilexetil than losartan based on calculation of the smoothness index from ambulatory systolic and diastolic measurements during the first 24-hour period after dosing and during the 12-hour period after the missed dose. These results demonstrate that missing or delaying a dose of candesartan cilexetil has less impact on antihypertensive efficacy than missing or delaying a dose of losartan. (C) 1999 by Excerpta Medica, Inc.

关键词：血管紧张素ⅱ/拮抗剂和抑制剂抗高血压药/投药和剂量苯咪唑类/投药和剂量联苯化合物/投药和剂量血压/药物作用数据说明统计用药计划表高血压/药物疗法肥大左心室/药物疗法洛沙坦/治疗应用病人依从随机对照试验(主题) 四唑类治疗结果成年人老年人老年人 80以上人类中年人

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Differential inhibition of the prejunctional actions of angiotensin II in rat atria by valsartan, irbesartan, eprosartan, and losartan

引用

JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS 2000年第1期294卷 179-186页

作者： Shetty, SS Delgrande, D Novartis Inst Biomed Res Summit NJ 07901 USA

The effects of valsartan and other nonpeptide angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor blockers on the prejunctional actions of angiotensin II were investigated in the isolated left atria of rat. Norepinephrine stores in rat atria were loaded with [H-3] norepinephrine, and neuronal norepinephrine release was deduced from the radioactivity efflux. Angiotensin II (10(-9) to 10(-6) M) produced concentration-dependent enhancement of the electrical stimulation-induced efflux of [H-3] norepinephrine from the preparation. Pretreatment of tissues with valsartan, irbesartan, eprosartan, or losartan (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) produced concentration- dependent inhibitions of the stimulation-induced efflux of radioactivity observed in the presence of angiotensin II (10(-7) M). The AT(1) receptor blockers did not decrease the "basal" stimulation-induced overflow of radioactivity but rather selectively inhibited the angiotensin II-mediated augmentation of the response. Regression analyses of the inhibition of the angiotensin II-mediated response by valsartan, irbesartan, eprosartan, and losartan revealed corresponding log IC50 values (log M, with 95% confidence intervals) of -7.78 (-8.19, -7.51), -7.65 (-8.02, -7.40), -7.12 (-7.37, -6.86), and -6.75 (-7.00, -6.40), indicating that the IC50 values for valsartan and irbesartan are significantly lower than those for eprosartan and losartan. Thus, valsartan is a potent inhibitor of the prejunctional facilitatory effect of angiotensin II on the release of norepinephrine from peripheral sympathetic nerves. This implies that the therapeutic domain of valsartan may be extended to include pathophysiological conditions such as congestive heart failure wherein prejunctional angiotensin II receptors apparently play a significant role. Whether the high potency of valsartan translates into a significant clinical advantage relative to the other agents tested remains to be ascertained.

关键词：丙烯酸盐类/药理学血管紧张素ⅱ/拮抗剂和抑制剂联苯化合物/药理学剂量效应关系药物心脏/药物作用咪唑类/药理学洛沙坦/药理学去甲肾上腺素/分泌大鼠 Sprague-Dawley 受体肾上腺素能α/生理学受体血管紧张素/生理学交感神经系统/药物作用四唑类/药理学噻吩类缬氨酸/类似物和衍生物缬氨酸/药理学动物男(雄)性大鼠

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Angiotensin-II subtype 2 receptor agonist (CGP-42112) inhibits catecholamine biosynthesis in cultured porcine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells

引用

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2000年第2期272卷 544-550页

作者： Takekoshi, K Ishii, K Isobe, K Nanmoku, T Kawakami, Y Nakai, T Univ Tsukuba Inst Clin Med Dept Clin Pathol Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058575 Japan

Angiotensin II subtype 2 receptor (AT(2)-R) is abundantly expressed in adrenal medullary chromaffin cells. However, the physiological roles of AT(2)-R in chromaffin cells remain to be clarified. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CGP42112 (AT(2)-R agonist) on catecholamine biosynthesis in cultured porcine adrenal medullary cells. We initially confirmed AT(2)-R was predominantly expressed in porcine adrenal medullary cells by [I-125]-Ang II binding studies. CGP42112 (greater than or equal to 1 nM) significantly inhibited cGMP production from the basal value. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamine, and its activity is regulated by both TH-enzyme activity and TH-synthesis. CGP42112 (greater than or equal to 1 nM) significantly inhibited TH-enzyme activity from the basal value. These inhibitory effects of CGP42112 on TH-enzyme activity and-cGMP production were abolished by PD123319 (AT(2)-R antagonist) while CV-11974 (AT(1)-R antagonist) was ineffective. We also tested whether decrease of cGMP is involved in the inhibitory effect of CGP42112 on TH-enzyme activity. Pretreatment of 8-Br-cGMP (membrane-permeable cGMP analogue) prevented the inhibitory effect of CGP 42112 on TH-enzyme activity. Similar to that of TH-enzyme activity, CGP42112 (greater than or equal to 1 nM) significantly reduced TH-mRNA and TH-protein level from the basal value, and these inhibitory effects were abolished by PD123319 but not CV-11974. These findings demonstrate that CGP 42112 reduces both TH-enzyme activity and TH-synthesis and that these inhibitory effects could be mediated by decrease of cGMP production. (C) 2000 Academic Press.

关键词： 8-溴环腺苷一磷酸/药理学肾上腺髓质/细胞学肾上腺髓质/药物作用肾上腺髓质/酶学肾上腺髓质/代谢血管紧张素ⅱ/拮抗剂和抑制剂血管紧张素Ⅱ/代谢血管紧张素Ⅱ/药理学苯咪唑类/代谢苯咪唑类/药理学结合竞争性儿茶酚胺类/生物合成细胞培养的嗜铬细胞/细胞学嗜铬细胞/药物作用嗜铬细胞/酶学嗜铬细胞/代谢环GMP/类似物和衍生物环GMP/代谢环GMP/药理学剂量效应关系药物酶激活/药物作用酶诱导/药物作用咪唑类/代谢咪唑类/药理学寡肽类/拮抗剂和抑制剂寡肽类/代谢寡肽类/药理学吡啶类/代谢吡啶类/药理学 RNA 信使/遗传学 RNA 信使/代谢受体血管紧张素 1型受体血管紧张素 2型受体血管紧张素/激动剂受体血管紧张素/代谢猪四唑类/代谢四唑类/药理学酪氨酸单氧化酶/遗传学酪氨酸单氧化酶/代谢动物

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Angiotensin receptor subtype 1 mediates angiotensin II enhancement of isoproterenol-induced cyclic AMP production in preglomerular microvascular smooth muscle cells

引用

JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS 1999年第3期288卷 1229-1234页

作者： Inoue, T Mi, ZC Gillespie, DG Dubey, RK Jackson, EK Univ Pittsburgh Med Ctr Sch Med Ctr Clin PharmacolDept Pharmacol Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Pittsburgh Sch Med Dept Med Pittsburgh PA USA

In a previous study, we found that angiotensin (Ang) II enhances beta-adrenoceptor-induced cAMP production in cultured preglomerular microvascular smooth muscle cells (PMVSMCs) obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats. The purpose of the present investigation was to identify the Ang receptor subtypes that mediate this effect. In our first study, we compared the ability of Ang II, Ang III, Ang (3-8), and Ang (1-7) to increase cAMP production in isoproterenol (1 mu M)-treated PMVSMCs. Each peptide was tested at 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 nM. Both Ang II and Ang III increased intracellular (EC(50)s, 1 and 11 nM, respectively) and extracellular (EC(50)s, 2 and 14 nM, respectively) cAMP levels in a concentration-dependent fashion. In contrast, Ang (3-8) and Ang (1-7) did not enhance either intracellular or extracellular cAMP levels at any concentration tested. In our second study, we examined the ability of L 158809 [a selective Ang receptor subtype 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonist] to inhibit Ang II (100 nM) and Ang III (100 nM) enhancement of isoproterenot (1 mu M)-induced cAMP production in PMVSMCs. L 158809 (10 nM) abolished or nearly abolished (p < .001) Ang II and Ang III enhancement of isoproterenol-induced intracellular and extracellular cAMP levels. In contrast, PD 123319 (300 nM;a selective AT(2) receptor antagonist) did not significantly alter Ang II enhancement of isoproterenol-induced intracellular or extracellular cAMP levels. We conclude that AT(1) receptors, but not AT(2), Ang (3-8), nor Ang (1-7) receptors mediate Ang II and Ang III enhancement of beta-adrenoceptor-induced cAMP production in cultured PMVSMCs.

关键词：血管紧张素ⅱ/拮抗剂和抑制剂血管紧张素Ⅱ/药理学血管紧张素Ⅲ/拮抗剂和抑制剂血管紧张素Ⅲ/药理学细胞培养的环AMP/代谢药物协同作用异丙肾上腺素/药理学肾小球/血液供给肌平滑血管/药物作用肌平滑血管/代谢大鼠近交SHR 受体血管紧张素 1型受体血管紧张素 2型受体血管紧张素/生理学动物大鼠

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Tasosartan, enoltasosartan, and angiotensin II receptor blockade: The confounding role of protein binding

引用

JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS 2000年第2期295卷 649-654页

作者： Maillard, MP Rossat, J Brunner, HR Burnier, M Univ Lausanne Hosp Div Hypertens & Vasc Med Lausanne Switzerland

Tasosartan is a long-acting angiotensin II (AngII) receptor blocker. Its long duration of action has been attributed to its active metabolite enoltasosartan. In this study we evaluated the relative contribution of tasosartan and enoltasosartan to the overall pharmacological effect of tasosartan. AngII receptor blockade effect of single doses of tasosartan (100 mg p.o. and 50 mg i.v) and enoltasosartan (2.5 mg i.v.) were compared in 12 healthy subjects in a randomized, double blind, three-period crossover study using two approaches: the in vivo blood pressure response to exogenous AngII and an ex vivo AngII radioreceptor assay. Tasosartan induced a rapid and sustained blockade of AngII subtype-1 (AT1) receptors. In vivo, tasosartan (p.o. or i.v.) blocked by 80% AT1 receptors 1 to 2 h after drug administration and still had a 40% effect at 32 h. In vitro, the blockade was estimated to be 90% at 2 h and 20% at 32 h. In contrast, the blockade induced by enoltasosartan was markedly delayed and hardly reached 60 to 70% despite the i.v. administration and high plasma levels. In vitro, the AT1 antagonistic effect of enoltasosartan was markedly influenced by the presence of plasma proteins, leading to a decrease in its affinity for the receptor and a slower receptor association rate. The early effect of tasosartan is due mainly to tasosartan itself with little if any contribution of enoltasosartan. The antagonistic effect of enoltasosartan appears later. The delayed in vivo blockade effect observed for enoltasosartan appears to be due to a high and tight protein binding and a slow dissociation process from the carrier.

关键词：投药口服血管紧张素ⅱ/拮抗剂和抑制剂血管紧张素Ⅱ/代谢血管紧张素Ⅱ/药理学血压/药物作用血蛋白质类/代谢交叉研究双盲法药物相互作用注射静脉内蛋白质结合嘧啶类/血液嘧啶类/药代动力学嘧啶类/药理学受体血管紧张素 1型受体血管紧张素 2型受体血管紧张素/拮抗剂和抑制剂受体血管紧张素/代谢四唑类/血液四唑类/药代动力学四唑类/药理学成年人人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

EXP3174, the AII antagonist human metabolite of losartan, but not losartan nor the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, prevents the development of lethal ischemic ventricular arrhythmias in a canine model of recent myocardial infarction

引用

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY 1999年第3期34卷 876-884页

作者： Lynch, JJ Stump, GL Wallace, AA Painter, CA Thomas, JM Kusma, SE Gould, RJ Grossman, W Merck Res Labs Dept Pharmacol W Point PA 19486 USA Merck Res Labs Dept Safety Assessment W Point PA 19486 USA Merck Res Labs Dept Clin Cardiovasc Res W Point PA 19486 USA

OBJECTIVES The antiarrhythmic efficacies of the competitive angiotensin II (AII) antagonist losartan, losartan's more potent noncompetitive AII antagonist human metabolite EXP3174 and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril were assessed in a canine model of recent myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND Multiple hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects of AII may contribute to cardiac electrical instability. In the recent Losartan Heart Failure Study, Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly (ELITE), a 722-patient trial primarily designed to assess effects on renal function, an unexpected survival benefit was observed with losartan compared with captopril, with the lower mortality using losartan primarily confined to a reduction in sudden cardiac death. METHODS Intravenous losartan (1 mg/kg + 0.03 mg/kg/min), EXP3174 (0.1 mg/kg + 0.01 mg/kg/ min), captopril (1 mg/kg + 0.5 mg/kg/h) or vehicle were infused in anesthetized dogs with recent (8.1 +/- 0.4 days) anterior myocardial infarction. Electrolytic injury of the left circumflex coronary artery to induce thrombotic occlusion and posterolateral ischemia was initiated 1 h after the start of treatment. RESULTS Losartan, EXP3174 and captopril elevated plasma renin activities and comparably and significantly reduced mean arterial pressure. No significant electrocardiographic or cardiac electrophysiologic effects were noted with any treatment. Incidences of acute posterolateral ischemia-induced lethal arrhythmias were: vehicle, 7/9 (77%);losartan, 6/8 (75%);EXP3174, 2/8 (25%;p < 0.05 vs. vehicle control);captopril, 7/10 (70%). There were no among-group differences in time to onset of acute posterolateral ischemia or underlying anterior infarct size. CONCLUSIONS EXP3174, but not losartan nor captopril, reduced the incidence of lethal ischemic ventricular arrhythmia in this preparation. The antiarrhythmic efficacy of EXP3174 may be due to an attenuation of deleterious effects of local cardiac AII formed during acute

关键词：方差分析血管紧张素ⅱ/拮抗剂和抑制剂血管紧张素转换酶抑制药/治疗应用抗心律失常药/治疗应用心律失常心性/病因学心律失常心性/预防和控制卡托普利/治疗应用疾病模型动物药物评价临床前心室咪唑类/治疗应用洛沙坦/治疗应用心肌梗死/并发症心肌缺血/病因学心肌缺血/预防和控制四唑类/治疗应用时间因素动物狗女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effects of angiotensin II on visual evoked potentials in the superior colliculus of juvenile rats

引用

NEUROPEPTIDES 2000年第3-4期34卷 203-210页

作者： Coudé, G Marois, A Casanova, C Univ Montreal Ecole Optometrie Lab Neurosci Vis Montreal PQ H3C 3J7 Canada

There are age-related changes in the relative expression of the AT(1) and AT(2) receptors of angiotensin II (Ang Il) in brain regions such as the superior colliculus, a midbrain visual structure where both receptor subtypes are found. We investigated the effects of Ang II on gross visual activity in the colliculus of anesthetized rats aged between 15 and 35 post-natal days. Microinjection of Ang II in the superficial layers yielded a strong reduction in the amplitude of visual evoked potentials in a dose-related manner. Injection of the peptide in more ventral collicular layers did not modify the potential confirming the discrete localization of the angiotensinergic receptors in the superficial layers. Preliminary data indicated that the co-injection of Ang II with Losartan or PD 123319 yielded a partial blockade of Ang II suppressive effects, indicating that both AT(1) and AT(2) receptors are likely to be involved in mediating these responses. Overall, this study shows that the inhibitory nature of Ang II action is similar in juvenile and adult animals (Merabet et at. 1994 and Merabet et al. 1997) (C) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

关键词：衰老血管紧张素Ⅱ/投药和剂量血管紧张素ⅱ/拮抗剂和抑制剂血管紧张素Ⅱ/药理学剂量效应关系药物诱发电位视觉/药物作用咪唑类/药理学洛沙坦/药理学微量注射吡啶类/药理学大鼠 Long-Evans 上丘/药物作用上丘/生理学动物大鼠

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Long-term benefits of angiotensin II blockade: Is the consensus changing?

引用

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 1999年第10A期84卷 16S-21S页

作者： Gradman, AH Western Penn Hosp Pittsburgh PA 15224 USA

The treatment of hypertension and heart failure has evolved in recent years. It may no longer be sufficient to lower blood pressure per se or correct hemodynamics alone in these conditions to achieve optimal long-term outcomes;rather, the effects of drugs on the cellular events and structural alterations that occur in the vasculature, heart, and kidney must be considered. Drugs that target angiotensin II, which include the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), may protect target organs from damage and thereby improve outcomes, Nevertheless, it remains to be demonstrated whether these agents are more effective in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients than conventional treatment with diuretics and beta blockers. In certain subgroups of hypertensive patients, including those with heart failure, type 1 diabetes with proteinuria, or after myocardial infarction with systolic dysfunction, there is compelling evidence for use of ACE inhibitors. The results from animal models and initial clinical studies suggest that ARBs are also highly effective in these patients. Several large-scale clinical studies, comparing the effect of ARBs and other drug classes on morbidity and mortality outcomes, have been initiated to better define the long-term benefit of ARBs in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. (C) 1999 by Excerpta Medico, Inc.

关键词：肾上腺素能β受体拮抗剂/治疗应用血管紧张素ⅱ/拮抗剂和抑制剂血管紧张素转换酶抑制药/治疗应用抗高血压药/治疗应用利尿药/治疗应用高血压/药物疗法 Meta分析受体血管紧张素/拮抗剂和抑制剂肾素-血管紧张素系统/药物作用人类

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：