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ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY 1975年第1期37卷 415-439页

作者： CABANAC, M UNIV CLAUDE BERNARD UER MED LAB PHYSIOL BP 12 69600 OULLINS FRANCE

The general way of looking at short-term temperature regulation has not fundamentaly changed since 1968. Some points nevertheless have been developed and deserve special attention: 1. The influence of water on the skin surface inhibits sweat secretion (55, 106). This fact may be the explanation of sweating fatigue and of discordant conclusions regarding the functioning of the regulator, particularly during exercise in man. 2. Since a large number of studies have shown that appropriate behaviors occur in response to all the stimuli that activate autonomic responses, behavior itself should be considered as an integral part of the thermoregulatory system (1, 2, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 25, 31, 32, 34-36, 48, 88, 89, 98, 99, 122, 126, 127, 137). 3. The description of the peripheral input for the control of sweating with regard to mean skin temperature (104) and time dependence (159) has been improved. Among internal temperature sensors those of the spinal cord have been extensively studies (25, 27, 32, 36, 42, 59-63, 71-75, 82, 83, 86, 113-115, 121, 150, 158) and demonstrated to have a sensitivity equal to that of the hypothalamic sensors (73, 75). 4. New hypotheses have been proposed describing the overall mechanism responsible for a constant temperature in the core (58, 96, 97, 135). These stimulating theories have been discussed briefly herein. Mechanisms for the defense against heat and against cold can be dissociated completely from one another. In the same way the control of autonomic responses can be dissociated from the control of behavioral responses. This suggests that temperature regulation is brought about by multiple independent feedback loops. The overall system is well described, in the author's opinion, by the theory of the adjustable set point with proportional control (47).

关键词：腹肌/生理学体温体温调节脑/生理学条件反射操作式饮水进食逃逸反应疲劳下丘脑/生理学模型生物学肌/生理学强体力活动唾液/代谢绵羊皮肤/血液供给皮肤温度脊髓/生理学汗/代谢温度感受器/生理学血管舒缩系统/生理学动物狗人类兔

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OVERALL CARDIOVASCULAR REGULATION

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ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY 1976年第1期38卷 537-570页

作者： OBERG, B VET SCH UPPSALA DEPT PHYSIOL UPPSALA 7 SWEDEN

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SYMPATHETIC CONTROL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW IN ACUTE ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION

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ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1976年第1期96卷 114-121页

作者： BILL, A LINDER, J UPPSALA UNIV BIOMED CTR DEPT PHYSIOL & MED BIOPHYS UPPSALA SWEDEN

The [cat] cervical sympathetic chain on 1 side was stimulated electrically at 10-20 Hz and an acute rise in arterial blood pressure was produced by: i.v. injection of angiotensin, ligation of the thoracic aorta or ligation of the aorta combined with injection of metaraminol. The blood flow through the cerebrum and the cerebellum was determined by using labeled microspheres. At high blood pressures there was multifocal breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebrum as indicated by leakage of Evans blue. The breakdown was restricted to the control side or much more marked on that side than on the stimulated side. Sympathetic stimulation also prevented breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. The blood flow through the cerebrum on the control side was higher than that on the stimulated side in all experiments. Regions with breakdown of the blood-brain barrier had flow rates which were about 10 times normal values. Cerebellar blood flow was less affected by the hypertension and did not react significantly to sympathetic stimulation. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the brain tends to prevent forced dilatation of the arterioles with a resulting regional overperfusion with blood and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. One role of the sympathetic nerves supplying the brain is to extend the pressure region with autoregulation in its upper part under conditions of a general increase in sympathetic vasomotor activity.

关键词：急性病血管紧张素Ⅱ 主动脉/生理学主动脉胸/生理学血流速度血压血脑屏障脑血管循环电刺激高血压/化学诱导高血压/病理生理学间羟胺交感神经系统/生理学迷走神经/生理学血管舒缩系统/生理学动物猫女(雌)性男(雄)性

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AFFINITY OF NORADRENALINE AND DOPAMINE FOR NEURAL ALPHA-RECEPTORS MEDIATING NEGATIVE FEEDBACK-CONTROL OF NORADRENALINE SECRETION IN HUMAN VASOCONSTRICTOR NERVES

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ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1975年第1期95卷 89-94页

作者： STJARNE, L BRUNDIN, J KAROLINSKA INST DEPT PHYSIOLSTOCKHOLMSWEDEN DANDERYDS HOSP DEPT PHYSIOLSTOCKHOLMSWEDEN DANDERYDS HOSP DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOLSTOCKHOLMSWEDEN

Isolated superfused field stimulated biopsy specimens of human peripheral arteries and veins, preincubated with 3H-( - )-NOradrenaline (NA) to label the neural stores of NA, were used to study the potency of dopamine (DA) and of NA as triggers of alpha-adrenoceptor mediated negative feedback control of sympathetic neurotransmitter secretion, evoked by stimulation with trains of 300 shocks at 1 Hz. In this preparation DA was found to be only slightly less potent than NA in depressing both the secretion of 3h-na, and the contractile response, evoked by nerve stimulation. DA depressed the contraction evoked by exogenous NA as well, but to a very much smaller extent. On the other hand, DA was a very weak agonist on the alpha receptors of the smooth muscle; nearly 1000 times higher concentrations of DA were required to mimick contractions evoked by exogenous NA. The results show that the neural alpha-receptor function involved in control of NA secretion differs considerably from the alpha-receptors of e.g. smooth muscle, with respect to sensitivity to DA. It seems possible that the observed depressing effect of DA on NA secretion may be of pharmacological and clinical interest; it may at least in part explain the vasodilating effect of DA infusions in man.

关键词：动脉/神经支配抑制化学性多巴胺/代谢多巴胺/药理学电刺激反馈肌收缩/药物作用肌平滑去甲肾上腺素/代谢去甲肾上腺素/药理学受体肾上腺素能感觉感受器细胞/代谢血管舒缩系统/生理学静脉/神经支配人类

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HYPOXIC PULMONARY VASOCONSTRICTION - INHIBITION DUE TO ANESTHESIA

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ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1976年第2期96卷 283-285页

作者： BJERTNAES, LJ HAUGE, A NAKKEN, KF BREDESEN, JE UNIV OSLO INST PHYSIOLOSLONORWAY

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ACTIVATION OF ANAEROBIC METABOLISM IN CAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE DURING CHOLINERGIC SYMPATHETIC VASODILATATION

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PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1976年第1期367卷 37-42页

作者： BERDINA, NA RODIONOV, IM MOSCOW STATE UNIV BIOL & PEDOL FAC ANIM PHYSIOL DEPT MOSCOW USSR

Phosphorylase activity was increased 2-fold as compared with the control value (79% and 39%, respectively) within the first 2-3 s of the vasomotor effect elicited in the skeletal muscle by sympathetic stimulation. Phosphorylase activity was still high during the period of maximum blood flow, although to a lesser extent (54% and 45%). During the restoration phase of the initial rate of blood flow the values of phosphorylase activity were the same in the experimental and control sample. AMP content did not increase with initiation of the vasomotor effect, suggesting that the increase in phosphorylase activity is due to an increase in phosphorylase a rather than to the activation of phosphorylase b by AMP. Atropine blocks both the dilator effect and phosphorylase activation elicited by sympathetic stimulation. Acetylcholine, injected intraarterially or added to a muscle homogenate, increases phosphorylase activity. Acetylcholine, released by sympathetic nerve endings, probably performs a 2nd mediator function, that of activating anaerobic metabolism in the skeletal muscle. The 2 mediator functions of acetylcholine seem spatially delimited.

关键词：乙酰胆碱/药理学腺苷一磷酸/代谢厌氧生活阿托品/药理学二氢麦角毒碱/药理学肌/血液供给肌/代谢副交感神经系统/生理学磷酸化酶类/代谢普萘洛尔/药理学血管舒缩系统/药物作用血管舒缩系统/生理学动物猫

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REGULATION OF CORONARY BLOOD-FLOW

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PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 1975年第2期18卷 105-122页

作者： RUBIO, R BERNE, RM UNIV VIRGINIA SCH MED DEPT PHYSIOL JORDAN HALL CHARLOTTESVILLE VA 22901 USA

A very schematic summary of possible factors that affect coronary vascular resistance is illustrated in Fig. 11. These factors are mechanical, myogenic, metabolic, and neural.64 Mechanical influence is passive and is essentially determined by the extravascular compression which is important only during systole and particularly in the subendocardial layers of the left ventricular myocardium. With respect to the myogenic factor it is controversial whether it plays a role in adjustments of coronary vascular tone. Metabolic processes are possibly integrated at the level of the myocardial cell PO2 which is the resultant of oxygen supply and need, which in turn depend on the myocardial contractile activity as well as other biochemical processes. A decrease in myocardial PO2 gives rise to the release of the vasodilator metabolite adenosine. Nevertheless, other chemical factors (H+ , K+ , osmolarity) known to be released by the heart (which by themselves are poor and transient coronary vasodilators and whose release does not correspond with changes in coronary resistance) may play a role by modulating the coronary sensitivity to adenosine and other factors.

关键词：腺苷/生理学腺苷一磷酸/代谢冠状动脉循环/药物作用电刺激水解作用乳酸盐类/药理学心肌/酶学心肌/代谢氧氧耗量副交感神经系统/生理学分压灌流磷酸盐类/生理学钾/生理学压力受体肾上腺素能交感神经系统/生理学血管阻力/药物作用血管舒缩系统/生理学动物人类

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EFFECT OF SPINAL SYMPATHETIC BLOCKADE UPON LOCAL REGULATION OF BLOOD-FLOW IN SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE

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ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1975年第1期95卷 83-88页

作者： HENRIKSEN, O ALSNER, T RIGS HOSP COPENHAGEN DEPT NUCL MEDCOPENHAGENDENMARK GENTOFTE HOSP DEPT ANAESTHESIA 3GENTOFTEDENMARK

The influence of spinal sympathetic blockade upon local regulation of blood flow in subcutaneous adipose tissue was investigated in six subjects. The effect of changes in orthostatic pressure on blood flow in subcutaneous tissue in the crus and distal forearm was measured before and after sympathetic blockade obtained by epidural anesthesia in 4 subjects and by a bilateral sympathectomy in 2 patients suffering from manual hyperhidrosis. Blood flow in subcutaneous tissue measured by 133Xe washout technique decreased by about 40 per cent when the limb was lowered, and remained constant during 30 cm elevation. This was found both before and after the blockade, though in one of the patients, the orthostatic decrease in blood flow was less pronounced 24 h after sympathectomy. Hence central sympathetic reflexes do not alter local orthostatic changes of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue. These changes therefore are most likely due to local mechanisms.

关键词：脂肪组织/血液供给血压前臂/血液供给腿/血液供给体位局部血流皮肤/血液供给交感神经切除术时间因素血管舒缩系统/生理学人类

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VASOMOTOR NERVE CONTROL OF ISOLATED ARTERIES AND VEINS

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ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1975年第4期94卷 506-516页

作者： LJUNG, B BEVAN, JA PEGRAM, BL PURDY, RE SU, M UNIV CALIF CTR HLTH SCIDEPT PHARMACOLLOS ANGELESCA

In order to compare neuro-effector function in different blood vessels, frequency-response relationships were determined for the following preparations: 1)Isolated rings of the proximal saphenous, distal saphenous and ear arteries, the parietal branch of the internal iliac vein and the small saphenous vein from the rabbit, 2) spiral strips of the rabbit pulmonary artery and 3) longitudinal preparations of the rat portal vein. In each rabbit tissue only one low (less than or equal to 4 Hz) and one high (larger than or equal to 8 Hz) transmural nerve stimulation frequency was applied until steady state responses were obtained and these were expressed as a percentage of a maximum response to exogenous noradrenaline (NA) applied in each experiment. The general shape of the frequency-response curves was similar, but differences in steepness and amplitude of the maximum neurogenic response relative to exogenous NA were found. The steepness of the frequency-response relationships of the veins tended to be greater than those of the arteries. It appears that factors such as close neuro-muscular contacts, presence of terminal nerve fibres within the media and the operation of mechanisms for myogenic propagation of activity contribute to the effectiveness of neurogenic vascular control as revealed by frequency-response curves. In vivo, geometrical factors can greatly augment the hemodynamic significance of the observed differences.

关键词：动脉/神经支配地昔帕明/药理学剂量效应关系药物耳/血液供给电刺激髂静脉/神经支配肌平滑/药物作用神经传导去甲肾上腺素/药理学门静脉/神经支配普萘洛尔/药理学肺动脉/神经支配受体肾上腺素能隐静脉/神经支配刺激化学性血管舒缩系统/生理学动物兔大鼠

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DIENCEPHALIC VASODEPRESSOR RESPONSES INDEPENDENT OF HEART-RATE CHANGES

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LIFE SCIENCES 1975年第3期16卷 395-402页

作者： KRISTT, DA BALTIMORE CITY HOSP GERONTOL RES CTRBALTIMOREMD 21224

The purpose of this study was to probe selected regions of the diencephalon of the rat and identify sites that respond to electrical stimulation by changes in blood pressure. In experiments utilizing anesthetized and awake adult male Wistar rats a vasodepressor area was identified in the antero-lateral diencephalon. It is located between the hypothalamus and the medial forebrain bundle at the level of the anterior optic tracts. Electrical stimulation in this region resulted in a transient depressor response without alterations in either heart rate, pulse pressure or respiration rate. A region adjacent to the anterior commissure also was found to have vasodepressor activity similar to that observed in the cat and the dog. In contrast, the intervening columns of the fornix appear unresponsive. Biphasic pressor-depressor responses were seen at some stimulation points and have also been presented.

关键词：血压脑图间脑/生理学电刺激心率下丘脑/生理学脉搏呼吸立体定位技术血管阻力血管舒缩系统/生理学动物男(雄)性大鼠

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