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ISOLATION OF KALLIKREIN FROM MAMMARY-GLAND OF COWS

QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY AND COGNATE MEDICAL SCIENCES 1976年第1期61卷 1-14页

作者： PEETERS, G VERBEKE, R HOUVENAGHEL, A REYNAERT, R UNIV GHENT FAC VET MED PHYSIOL DEPT CASINOPLEIN 24 B-9000 GHENT BELGIUM

Small amounts of kallikrein were isolated from bovine mammary tissue. Immediately after slaughter, the udder was removed, perfused with ice-cold xylocaine-Rheomacrodex solution, and homogenized in ice-cold acetic acid solution. Kallikrein-like substances were adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose, eluted with ammonium formate and fractionated by acetone precipitation. The 40-70% acetone fraction was separated on a Sephadex-G 75 column, and aliquots of each fraction were incubated for 1 or 2 h with kininogen. After incubation, extracts were tested for kinin activity on the isolated rat uterus, the rat duodenum, blood flow through the femoral artery of dogs and by intramammary pressure assay in sheep. Release of kinins was demonstrated by all these techniques, highest kallikrein activity being detected in the MW range 50,000-60,000. Direct injection of the enzyme into the udder artery of sheep, without prior incubation with kininogen, resulted in vasodilation and a rise in intramammary pressure. The kallikrein activity was strongly inhibited by aprotinin, but not by soybean trypsin inhibitor or ovomucoid. Kallikrein activity was always associated with esterase activity.

关键词：抑肽酶/药理学生物学鉴定法血压/药物作用酪蛋白类/代谢牛/代谢酯酶类/代谢激肽释放酶类/分离和提纯激肽释放酶类/代谢激肽释放酶类/药理学激肽原类/代谢乳腺动物/血液供给乳腺动物/酶学分子量局部血流/药物作用绵羊血管舒缩系统/药物作用动物女(雌)性

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EFFECTS OF EPINEPHRINE ON DISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD-FLOW IN PREGNANT EWE

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 1976年第2期124卷 156-163页

作者： ROSENFELD, CR BARTON, MD MESCHIA, G UNIV COLORADO MED CTRDEPT PEDIATDIV PERINATAL MEDBOULDERCO UNIV COLORADO MED CTRDEPT PHYSIOLBOULDERCO UNIV COLORADO MED CTRDEPT ANESTHESIOLBOULDERCO

Seven pregnant ewes ranging from 85 to 140 days of gestation were infused with systemic doses of epinephrine and uterine arterial flow dose-response curves were determined. With a constant systemic infusion of epinephrine at a mean rate of 0.29 ± 0.03 μg/Kg. min., and the radionuclide labeled microsphere method to measure arterial blood flow, a 38.5 per cent decrease in total uterine arterial blood flow was demonstrated while systemic pressure was unaltered. At this dose the reduction in endometrial blood flow was significantly greater (−58.7 per cent) than that in either the myometrium (−36.9 per cent) or placental cotyledons (−34.5 per cent) (p < 0.025 and < 0.005, respectively). There also occured a decrease in blood flow to the mammary gland and the pancreas, whereas increases in blood flow to the skektal muscle, adipose tissue, and spleen were documented. It is evident from this study that during the period of ovine pregnancy investigated, the vascular beds of all tissues comprising the pregnant uterus, including the placental cotyledons, are sensitive to the vasoconstrictive effects of epinephrine.

关键词：血液循环/药物作用血压/药物作用心排血量/药物作用肾上腺素/药理学妊娠动物绵羊/生理学子宫/血液供给血管阻力/药物作用血管舒缩系统/药物作用动物女(雌)性妊娠

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COMPARISON OF PULMONARY VASCULAR-RESPONSE TO PROSTAGLANDIN-A1, PROSTAGLANDIN-F2ALPHA AND ANGIOTENSINII - METABOLISM OF PGA1 IN LUNG

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LIFE SCIENCES 1976年第11期19卷 1653-1661页

作者： GROSS, KB GILLIS, CN YALE UNIV SCH MEDDEPT ANESTHESIOLNEW HAVENCT 06510 YALE UNIV SCH MEDDEPT PHARMACOLNEW HAVENCT 06510

A rabbit lung preparation, perfused in vitro , was used to examine pulmonary metabolism of prostaglandin A1 (PGA1 ) and to compare the vasoconstrictor actions of PGA1 , prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α ) and angiotensin II. PGF2α caused significantly more, and angiotensin II significantly less, vasoconstriction than did an equimolar concentration of PGA1 . Of three likely PGA1 metabolites only 15-keto-PGA1 had any significant vasoconstrictor action. Furosemide and aminophylline (10−3 M) reduced PGA1 , PGF2α or angiotensin II-induced vasoconstruction. Diphloretin phosphate potentiated the vascular effect of angiotensin II. Furosemide (10−3 M) and DPP (9.5 × 10−6 M) significantly reduced pulmonary metabolism of PGA1 while aminophylline (10−3 M) had no effect on this process. Perfusion of the lungs with a hypoxic medium had no effect on PGA1 metabolism.

关键词：氨茶碱/药理学血管紧张素Ⅱ/药理学缺氧/代谢呋塞米/药理学肺/代谢多根皮素磷酸盐/药理学前列腺素拮抗药/药理学前列腺素A类/代谢前列腺素A类/药理学前列腺素E类/药理学肺循环/药物作用温度血管舒缩系统/药物作用动物兔

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DOPAMINE EFFECTS ON INTESTINAL CIRCULATION

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AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL 1976年第3期91卷 325-331页

作者： PAWLIK, W MAILMAN, D SHANBOUR, LL JACOBSON, ED UNIV HOUSTON BIOL DEPT HOUSTON TX USA UNIV TEXAS MED CTRMED SCHPROGRAM PHYSIOL6400 W CULLEN ST HOUSTON TX 77025 USA

The effects of intra-arterial infusion of dopamine on superior mesenteric artery blood flow, intestinal O2 consumption, and capillary density were studied in anesthetized dogs before and after blockade of dopamine receptors with haloperidol and after .beta.-adrenergic receptor blockade with propranolol. Mesenteric blood flow to a distal segment of the small intestine was measured with an electromagnetic blood flowmeter and intestinal O2 consumption was calculated from the measured arteriovenous O2 difference across the intestine and total blood flow. Intestinal capillary density was estimated from the clearance of 86 Rb. In normal animals prior to dopaminergic or .beta.-adrenergic blockade, dopamine caused a dose-related decrease in mesenteric blood flow, intestinal O2 consumption, and 86Rb clearance. Only the lowest dose of the drug, 1 .mu.g/kg-min, did not significantly change the intestinal capillary density. In dogs pretreated with the dopamine receptor, antogonist, haloperidol, dopamine (20 .mu.g/kg-min) caused a significant increase in blood flow and O2 consumption and did not significantly alter the number of perfused intestinal capillaries. These increases in haloperidol-blocked animals administered dopamine were reversed by propranolol. Dopamine caused smooth muscle contraction in mesenteric arterioles and precapillary sphincters, thereby producing intestinal ischemia and hypoxia. These findings with haloperidol and propranolol indicate that dopamine stimulates at least 2 different receptors in the canine mesenteric vascular bed: a constrictor receptor blocked by haloperidol and a dilator receptor blocked by propranolol.

关键词：血压/药物作用多巴胺/药理学氟哌啶醇/药理学肠系膜动脉/药物作用肠系膜静脉/药物作用微循环/药物作用肌收缩/药物作用肌平滑/药物作用氧耗量/药物作用普萘洛尔/药理学受体药物局部血流/药物作用血管舒缩系统/药物作用

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SYSTEMIC VASODILATATION FOLLOWING DIAZEPAM AFTER COMBINED SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC BLOCKADE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART-DISEASE

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CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSIS 1976年第4期2卷 369-380页

作者： COTE, P NOBLE, J BOURASSA, MG MONTREAL HEART INST MONTREAL 410 QUEBEC CANADA UNIV MONTREAL SCH MED MONTREAL 101 QUEBEC CANADA

Clinical and hemodynamic benefits were documented after giving diazepam to patients with coronary heart disease. The mechanisms by which this agent produced its hemodynamics effects were poorly understood. Partial autonomic blockade was induced in 10 patients by the i.v. administration of 5 mg propranolol and 0.8 mg atropine. Coronary and systemic hemodynamics were normal before and unchanged (P > 0.05) after propranolol and atropine administration. However, myocardial extraction of lactate improved in 9 out of 10 patients (from 11-24%, P < 0.05). The patients then received 0.1 mg/kg diazepam i.v. Diazepam had no effect on the coronary sinus blood flow and resistance while myocardial extraction of lactate further improved in all but 1 patient (from 24-35% at 5 min and 34% at 15 min, P < 0.05). Heart rate increased by a mean of 4 beats at 5 min (P < 0.01) while cardiac output was unchanged. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) decreased significantly (P < 0.001) at 5 and 15 min (6-10%) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) also diminished significantly (P < 0.001) at 5 and 15 min (18-19%). These changes occurred despite autonomic blockade. In the absence of change of myocardial blood flow and contractility, a direct peripheral action of the drug on arteries and/or veins probably occurred.

关键词：阿托品/药理学阿托品/治疗应用血压/药物作用冠状动脉循环/药物作用冠心病/药物疗法冠心病/代谢冠心病/病理生理学地西泮/投药和剂量地西泮/代谢地西泮/药理学地西泮/治疗应用心率/药物作用血流动力学/药物作用注射静脉内乳酸盐类/代谢心肌/代谢普萘洛尔/药理学普萘洛尔/治疗应用血管舒张药血管舒缩系统/药物作用成年人人类男(雄)性中年人

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VASCULAR REACTIVITY TO NOREPINEPHRINE AND HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS IN BORDERLINE HYPERTENSION

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AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL 1975年第4期89卷 480-486页

作者： SAFAR, ME LONDON, GM WEISS, YA MILLIEZ, PL HOP BROUSSAIS CTR RECH HYPERTENSION ARTERIELLE LAB HEMODYNAM 96 RUE DIDOT 75014 PARIS FRANCE

Pressor response to norepinephrine, cardiopulmonary blood volume, and hemodynamic parameters were studied in 41 borderline hypertensive patients in comparison with 42 permanent essential hypertensive patients and 28 normal subjects. Borderline hypertensive subjects had a high cardiac index (p < 0.0001), normal total peripheral resistance, and low total blood volume (p < 0.005). The ratio between cardiopulmonary blood volume (CPBV) and total blood volume (TBV) was significantly higher in comparison with normal subjects (p < 0.01) and permanent hypertensive subjects (p < 0.001). The pressor dose of norepinephrine was elevated (p < 0.0001) and was directly correlated with the basal values of the cardiac output (p < 0.005), the cardiopulmonary blood volume (p < 0.001), and the CPBV TBV ratio (p < 0.01). None of these results was observed in permanent hypertensive subjects: the only significant result was a negative correlation between the pressor dose of norepinephrine and the basal diastolic arterial pressure (p < 0.0001). This study provides evidence that the cardiac output elevation in borderline hypertensive subjects was related to increased venous return and enhanced sympathetic venous tone.

关键词：年龄因素血压/药物作用血量/药物作用身高体表面积体重心排血量/药物作用剂量效应关系药物心率/药物作用高血压/病理生理学去甲肾上腺素/诊断应用统计数据血管阻力/药物作用血管舒缩系统/药物作用成年人人类男(雄)性

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DIRECT ARTERIAL-PRESSURE, HEART-RATE, AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAM DURING CIGARETTE-SMOKING IN UNRESTRICTED PATIENTS

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AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL 1975年第1期89卷 18-25页

作者： CELLINA, GU HONOUR, AJ LITTLER, WA RADCLIFFE INFIRM DEPT CARDIOVASC MEDOXFORDENGLAND RADCLIFFE INFIRM DEPT REGIUS PROF MEDOXFORDENGLAND

Direct arterial pressure, heart rate, and ECG have been recorded over a 24-hour period in nine individuals who were completely unrestricted throughout the study. Forty-nine separate cigarette smoking episodes were clearly indicated and analyzed. The results of our study confirm a significant increase in arterial pressure five minutes after smoking a cigarette. The systolic rise in pressure (mean 10.7 mm. Hg, P < 0.001) was approximately twice that of the diastolic rise (5.3 mm. Hg, P < 0.001) and was present under different conditions of everyday life with the notable exception of lying in bed before sleep. We found no quantitative difference between normotensive and hypertensive subjects. There was no certain change in heart rate (mean increase +0.8 beats per minute, t = 0.59, NS) in the group as a whole. Smoking also had a short-term action consisting of a brief fall in arterial pressure and heart rate occurring over eight to ten heart beats following immediately after the first inhalation of tobacco smoke, followed by a rebound rise in arterial pressure to a level greater than the presmoking level; this is probably a vagal effect. Cigarette smoking caused angina pectoris in one individual and the records showed ST-segment depression in the ECG before the subjective appreciation of pain.

关键词：心绞痛/病理生理学主动脉缩窄/病理生理学血压/药物作用剂量效应关系药物心电描记术心脏传导系统/病理生理学心率/药物作用高血压/病理生理学吸烟时间因素迷走神经/药物作用血管舒缩系统/药物作用成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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