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The effects of family planning workers' contact on fertility preferences: Evidence from Bangladesh

STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 1999年第3期30卷 183-192页

作者： Arends-Kuenning, M Hossain, MB Barkat-e-Khuda Univ Illinois Dept Agr & Consumer Econ Urbana IL 61801 USA Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res ICDDR B Operat Res Project Hlth & Populat Extens Div Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh

Should family planning programs put more? effort into persuading couples to want smaller families or into helping women achieve their reproductive goals? Indeed, can family planning programs affect fertility preferences? Longitudinal data from Bangladesh collected from 1982 to 1993 show that women's desired family sizes have declined dramatically. This study examines how the decline in desired family size is related to visits from family planning workers for three intervals: 1982-85, 1985-90, and 1990-93. By use of logistic-regression analysis, the number of rounds during which women received visits from family planning workers is found to have no statistically significant effect on the probability that women altered their preference from wanting more children at the beginning of an interval to wanting Mo more at the end of the interval.

关键词：孟加拉国/流行病学出生率家庭特征计划生育服务/经济学计划生育服务/利用健康行为 Logistic模型纵向研究比值比青少年成年人女(雌)性人类

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Explanations of unmet need for contraception in Chitwan, Nepal

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STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 1999年第4期30卷 267-287页

作者： Stash, S David & Lucile Packard Fdn Los Altos CA 94022 USA

This article explores reasons why women's fertility preferences and their contraceptive behaviors often appear to be contradictory. Ninety-eight separate interviews with women and their husbands conducted in rural Chitwan District, Nepal, over a 12-month period in 1993-94 revealed that people continually and self-consciously weigh the perceived benefits and risks of practicing family planning relative to their situations. Temporary and, especially, hormonal methods are perceived to carry unacceptable health risks. Contraceptive technologies are evaluated in relation to competing priorities and interests. Household poverty heightened the perceived risk of family planning use;poor people fear they can ill afford negative effects to their health that might result. People assess their health status and physical workload, factors that they believe condition their ability to use family planning methods without experiencing damaging health effects. Strategies employed to lower contraceptive risk include altering the method of choice, manipulating relationships with spouses, timing the adoption of contraceptives, managing the context of service provision, and acting in light of the experiences of others. Qualitative findings from the fieldwork are complemented by analysis of data from a standardized fertility survey.

关键词：避孕/利用发展中国家家庭特征计划生育服务/利用健康知识态度实践需求估价/统计学和数值数据尼泊尔农村人口/统计学和数值数据成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性妊娠

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Sexual behavior and condom use among urban women attending a family planning clinic in the United States

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Health Care for Woman International 1999年第3期20.0卷 303-314页

作者： Lindberg, Claire E. College of Nursing Seton Hall University South Orange NJ 07079 United States Cranbury NJ 08512 33 Ancil Davison Road United States

In this paper I present data on risky sexual behavior and condom use among a sample of 100 adult women who attended a family planning clinic in an urban area of the United States. Although the women in this study protected themselves from pregnancy by using contraception, they engaged in sexual behaviors that put them at risk for sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including unprotected oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse, and sex with risky partners. Alcohol and drug use were also common among the women in this sample. Almost half of the participants reported a history of sexually transmitted infections. Health assessment for women using contraception should include assessment of risk factors for sexually transmitted HIV infection. All women should be counseled regarding methods of reducing their risk for HIV.

关键词：健康态度避孕套/利用计划生育服务/利用健康知识态度实践新泽西/流行病学护理估计问卷调查冒险性行为/心理学性行为/统计学和数值数据性传播疾病/流行病学性传播疾病/预防和控制市区人口/统计学和数值数据妇女/教育妇女/心理学妇女卫生青少年成年人女(雌)性人类中年人妊娠

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Contraceptive switching in Bangladesh

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STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 1999年第4期30卷 315-328页

作者： Steele, F Diamond, I Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci Dept Stat London WC2A 2AE England Univ Southampton Dept Social Stat Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England

Bangladesh has experienced a substantial decline in fertility that has been achieved by means of a large increase in the use of modern methods of contraception. As contraceptive prevalence increases, aspects of contraceptive-use dynamics, including reasons for discontinuation and behavior after discontinuation, become important influences on fertility. This report uses calendar data from the 1993-94 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey to examine contraceptive behavior following discontinuation of modern-method use. The individual-level characteristics found to influence switching behavior include the method used, method-related difficulties with previous contraceptive use, and education. A large amount of unexplained variation in switching rates remains, however, largely at the individual level, but also at the community level for certain types of transition.

关键词：孟加拉国出生率选择行为避孕/利用避孕行为发展中国家计划生育服务/利用健康知识态度实践人口控制青少年成年人儿童女(雌)性人类中年人

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Public hospital pregnancy termination services: are we meeting demand?

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AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 1999年第5期23卷 525-527页

作者： Black, K Fisher, J Grover, S Royal Hosp Women Melbourne Vic 3053 Australia Univ Melbourne Key Ctr Women Hlth Soc Parkville Vic 3052 Australia

Objectives: To identify the sociodemographic characteristics of women seeking termination of pregnancy through a public hospital service and explore issues of accessibility to the service. Method: An audit of the Pregnancy Advisory Service (PAS) at the Royal Women's Hospital in Melbourne from January to March 1996. Data were collected from 1,088 intake forms of women seeking an abortion. Results: The women were of low socioeconomic status, with 437 (40.2%) living on a government pension or benefit and 55.6% holding a Health Benefits Card. However, only 33.8% were given an appointment for an abortion in the public clinic, with most (63.7%) referred to private services. Conclusions: The demand for this public hospital abortion service exceeds its capacity and economically disadvantaged women are required to seek abortion in private services. Implications: There is a role for regional health authorities to ensure adequate distribution of public hospital pregnancy termination services.

关键词：流产人工/利用方差分析计划生育服务/利用卫生服务易得程度医院公立门诊部医院/利用转诊和会诊/统计学和数值数据社会经济因素维多利亚青少年成年人女(雌)性人类妊娠

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