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Pregnancy, parenthood, and family leave during residency

ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2003年第4期41卷 568-573页

作者： Lewin, MR Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Emergency Med Fresno Emergency Med Residency Program Fresno CA 93702 USA

[ Ann Emerg Med . 2003;41:568-573.]

关键词：适应心理学职业选择急救医学/教育计划生育服务/组织和管理实习医师和住院医师职务/组织和管理组织方针双亲假/立法和法学行使父母职责/心理学人员选用/组织和管理人员配备和时间安排/组织和管理医师女/心理学医师女/统计学和数值数据孕妇/心理学学会医学/组织和管理美国妇女就业/教育妇女就业/心理学妇女就业/统计学和数值数据工作负荷量人类

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Is low income a constraint to contraceptive use among the Pakistani poor?

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JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE 2000年第2期32卷 161-175页

作者： Agha, S Populat Serv Int Div Res Washington DC 20036 USA

This paper examines whether low income is a barrier to contraceptive use in Pakistan, a country in which economic conditions are deteriorating at a time when the private sector is becoming a ml,re important supplier of contraception. Multivariate regression analysis performed using the Pakistan Contraceptive Demand Survey suggests that low income is a deterrent to modern contraceptive use in Pakistan. This is particularly the case for contraceptive methods supplied through the private sector. It is concluded that, if the aim of family planning programmes is to reach low-income people, the prices of contraceptives supplied through the private sector should be kept as low as possible.

关键词：避孕/经济学避孕/心理学避孕/利用避孕行为/心理学避孕行为/统计学和数值数据计划生育服务/组织和管理健康知识态度实践卫生服务易得程度/经济学 Logistic模型多元分析需求估价巴基斯坦贫困/心理学贫困/统计学和数值数据私营部门问卷调查青少年成年人女(雌)性人类

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Expanding contraceptive choice:: Findings from Brazil

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STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 1999年第1期30卷 1-16页

作者： Díaz, M Simmons, R Díaz, J Gonzalez, C Makuch, MY Bossemeyer, D CEMICAMP Dept Educ Training & Commun BR-13081970 Campinas SP Brazil Univ Michigan Sch Publ Hlth Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Populat Council Campinas Brazil

This article presents findings from a participatory action research project in a municipality in southern Brazil that models a new and holistic approach to broadening women's contraceptive choices. The project encourages a collaborative process between researchers, community members, and public health managers to diagnose service-delivery problems, to design and implement interventions, and to evaluate their effectiveness. Findings from the baseline evaluation revealed major constraints in availability of and access to family planning and reproductive health services for women, as well as severe deficiencies in quality of care. Interventions designed to address these weaknesses, bound by the limited resources of the public sector, focused on training, restructuring of providers' roles and service-delivery patterns, the management process, the creation of a referral center, and the introduction of injectables, vasectomy services, and a program for adolescents. Evaluation results show the project's considerable impact in broadening reproductive options, although not all issues, especially those related to sustainability, have been resolved.

关键词：巴西选择行为计划生育服务/组织和管理集中研讨小组健康知识态度实践卫生服务易得程度/组织和管理卫生服务研究整体保健需求估价方案评价卫生保健质量问卷调查妇女/心理学青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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INDIGENOUS PERCEPTIONS AND QUALITY OF CARE OF FAMILY-PLANNING-SERVICES IN HAITI

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HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING 1994年第3期9卷 306-317页

作者： MAYNARDTUCKER, G INT HLTH & DEV ASSOCIATES 18133 COASTLINE DRSUITE 4MALIBUCA 90265 USA

This paper presents a method for evaluating and monitoring the quality of care of family planning services. The method was implemented in Haiti by International Planned Parenthood Federation Western Hemisphere Region (IPPF/WHR), the managerial agency for the Private Sector Family Planning Project (PSFPP), which is sponsored by the USAID Mission.1 The process consists of direct observations of family planning services and clinic conditions by trained Haitian housewives playing the role of 'mystery clients', who visit clinics on a random basis without prior notice. Observations conducted by mystery clients during one year, from April 1990 to April 1991, are presented and illustrate the use of the method. In addition, measurements for rating the acceptability of the services were developed, providing a quantitative assessment of the services based on mystery clients' terms. Statistical results demonstrate that simulated clients ranked some criteria of acceptability higher than others. These criteria are: the interaction provider/client, information adequacy, and competence of the promoter. Likewise, simulated clients' direct observations of the services permitted the identification of deficiencies regarding the quality of care such as the paternalistic attitudes of the medical staff;the lack of competence of promoters;and the lack of informed choice. Based on its reliability since its implementation in 1990 the method has proven to be a useful tool in programme design and monitoring.

关键词：社区卫生中心/标准计划生育服务/组织和管理计划生育服务/标准海地卫生设施环境卫生服务研究/方法医院/标准病人满意度专业能力职业病人关系卫生保健质量问卷调查研究设计女(雌)性人类

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Quality of care within the Indian family welfare programme: A review of recent evidence

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STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 2000年第1期31卷 1-18页

作者： Koenig, MA Foo, GHC Joshi, K Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci Baltimore MD 21205 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Ctr Commun Programs Baltimore MD 21205 USA

India's family planning program represents one of the earliest and most ambitious efforts in a developing country to address the issue of high fertility. Despite its more than four decades of existence, little is known concerning how the program is implemented at the field level, especially in relation to the quality of services provided. In this article, empirical evidence on the accessibility and quality of services provided through the Indian family planning program is reviewed and synthesized. The review highlights the serious and systemic shortcomings in quality of care that characterize the Indian program in such areas as restricted method choice, limited information provided to clients, poor technical standards, and low levels of follow-up and continuity of care. The factors constraining higher service quality are subsequently reviewed, and the prospects for improving quality of care within the Indian program are assessed.

关键词：计划生育服务/组织和管理计划生育服务/标准卫生服务易得程度印度病人满意度人口控制职业病人关系方案评价卫生保健质量农村人口社会价值女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Creating linkages between incomplete abortion treatment and family planning services in Kenya

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STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 1999年第1期30卷 17-27页

作者： Solo, J Billings, DL Aloo-Obunga, C Ominde, A Makumi, M Populat Council Int Programs Div New York NY 10021 USA Ipas Carrboro NC 27510 USA Kenya Minist Hlth Maternal & Child Hlth Family Planning Program Div Primary Hlth Care Nairobi Kenya

Postabortion care has received increasing emphasis as an important intervention to address part of the problem of unsafe abortion. Although a good deal of attention has been paid to improving emergency treatment of abortion complications, the other elements of postabortion care, including providing postabortion family planning services, have received less attention and are rarely found in health-care settings around the world. This report describes a study that was conducted in Kenya to test three different models of ways to provide postabortion family planning. The study shows that these new services are both feasible and acceptable to providers and patients, and also shows how effective they can be. Whereas only 7 percent of women received family planning counseling according to the baseline survey, this proportion increased to 68 percent in the postintervention period. In addition, 70 percent of women who decided to begin using contraceptives received a method, compared with only 3 percent at baseline. The provision of postabortion family planning counseling and methods on the gynecological ward by ward staff was found to be the preferred and most effective model.

关键词：流产违法/预防和控制流产不全/治疗出院后医疗/组织和管理卫生保健提供联合/组织和管理计划生育服务/组织和管理可行性研究健康知识态度实践医院公立肯尼亚模型组织管理方案评价青少年成年人女(雌)性人类妊娠

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深入贯彻落实委《条例》积极推进计划生育科技事业新发展

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中国计划生育学杂志 2003年第10期11卷 595-597页

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The politics of population policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran

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STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 2000年第1期31卷 19-34页

作者： Hoodfar, H Assadpour, S Concordia Univ Dept Sociol & Anthropol Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada Minist Hlth & Med Educ Dept Publ Hlth Affairs Populat & Family Planning Program Tehran Iran

The Islamic Republic of Iran arguably has one of the most successful family planning programs in the developing world. This success is all the more interesting for advocates of population programs because the political leaders of the Islamic regime were once strongly opposed to family planning. Indeed, after gaining power following the 1979 revolution, they were responsible for dismantling Iran's relatively new family planning program and introducing pronatalist policies, This article provides art account of the different phases of the population policy in Iran and examines the diverse elements that led politicoreligious leaders to revise their views about fertility control and to participate in creating a workable family planning program. The complex formal and informal strategies that the political experts, the media, the religious authorities, and the government of the Islamic Republic adopted in order to achieve this about-face are described. The analysis is based on data collected by the first author during anthropological field research in 1993-96, by means of informal interviews with officials, with medical personnel, with family planning clients, and with religious leaders (STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 2000;31[1]: 19-34).

关键词：计划生育政策计划生育服务/经济学计划生育服务/组织和管理健康知识态度实践伊朗伊斯兰教大众媒体政治人口控制规划制订方案评价宗教和医学社会价值女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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The impact of mass media family planning programmes on current use of contraception in urban Bangladesh

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JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE 2000年第3期32卷 411-419页

作者： Kabir, M Islam, MA Jahangirnagar Univ Dept Stat Dhaka Bangladesh

A sample of 871 currently married urban Bangladeshi women was used to assess the impact of mass media family planning programmes on current contraceptive use. The analyses suggested that radio had been playing a significant role in spreading family planning messages among eligible clients;38% of women with access to a radio had heard of family planning messages while the figures for TV and newspaper were 18.5% and 8.5% respectively. Education, number of living children and current contraceptive use were important predictors of exposure to any mass media family planning messages. There was a negative relationship between breast-feeding and the current use of contraception indicating a low need for contraception among women who were breast-feeding.

关键词：孟加拉国避孕/心理学避孕/统计学和数值数据教育程度计划生育服务/组织和管理健康知识态度实践 Logistic模型大众媒体母亲/教育母亲/心理学方案评价无线电社会经济因素电视城市卫生青少年成年人女(雌)性人类中年人

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Informed policy making for the prevention of unwanted pregnancy - Understanding low-income women's experiences with family planning

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1999年第5期23卷 527-552页

作者： Chetkovich, C Mauldon, J Brindis, C Guendelman, S Harvard Univ John F Kennedy Sch Govt Cambridge MA 02138 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Goldman Sch Publ Policy Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Pediat San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Ctr Reprod Hlth Policy Res San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Sch Publ Hlth Berkeley CA 94720 USA

California health and welfare officials asked the authors to identify ways that their programs could encourage service use among low-income women. The project posed a challenge: The clients wanted to identify supply-side barriers amenable to intervention, but prior research suggested other factors might be more influential. The approach was to examine service-related issues, but in the broader context of women's experiences. The authors identify factors amenable to intervention, including inaccurate beliefs about methods. Other important influences-such as instability of relationships, skepticism about planning, or unsatisfactory method experiences-may be beyond the reach of specific policies, but are nevertheless critical to understanding program context. Findings suggest that punitive messages and policies based on a simplistic model of behavior may be unrealistic and ineffective.

关键词：加利福尼亚避孕行为/心理学计划生育服务/组织和管理集中研讨小组健康知识态度实践政策制订贫困妊娠不想要的青少年成年人女(雌)性人类中年人妊娠

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