A boundary layer model was used to investigate the convection effects on phase and microstructure selection in directionally solidified peritectic alloy. Due to the convection effects, the steady-state compositions of...
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A boundary layer model was used to investigate the convection effects on phase and microstructure selection in directionally solidified peritectic alloy. Due to the convection effects, the steady-state compositions of one phase at interface corresponding to an initial composition reduce, which causes its steady-state point moves upward along its solidus line and the compositional range is not consistent with the band cycle in banding. A criterion of critical interface temperature was put forward to determine whether a phase entered steady-state growth or not. Furtherly by equivalent transformation, the equivalent solidus lines and subsequent equivalent phase diagram were derived for peritectic solidification with convection. Using this equivalent phase diagram, a phase and microstructure selection map is built for a peritectic alloy with convection effect, which shows that the compositional range for banding reduces, and moves to the hyperperitectic region, and also the coupled growth region of both solids comparing with purely-diffusive limit. The predicted map for directionally solidified Pb-Bi alloy agrees well with its experimental observations.
A new Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) model (namely MY-4 in this paper) was developed with reference to Mellor-Yamada’s Level 4 turbulent closure concept. Having been coupled with a meso-scale model MM5, MY-4 was util...
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A new Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) model (namely MY-4 in this paper) was developed with reference to Mellor-Yamada’s Level 4 turbulent closure concept. Having been coupled with a meso-scale model MM5, MY-4 was util-ized to simulate a heavy-rain process, which took place over South China during June 8-9, 1998. Its model outputs indi-cated that the rainfall process was well captured in terms of its intensity and geographical distribution. More importantly, in comparison with MM5’s original boundary layer models, MY-4 made the following improvements: (1) MY-4 not only simulated the major weather systems like low vortexes and low-level jets more accurately, thus improving the general weather pattern of the rainfall process, but it was also capa-ble of restraining the occurrence of false rainfall centers with maximum precipitation amounts exceeding 160 mm. (2) Having been compared with the wind profile observed at Hong Kong, it revealed that MY-4 could reproduce the wind speed fluctuations in a short time scale reasonably well, which was not yet achieved in the original PBL models in MM5. Furthermore, a more detailed comparative study was made on the results simulated by MY-4 and a PBL model (which is based on Mellor-Yamada’s Level 2.5 concept) re-spectively. It showed that the contributions of turbulences generated by the two categories of PBL models to the wind fields at a lower atmosphere were increasingly different even in the first 1-2 hours of integrations. As the analysis dem-onstrated, under the nonlinear interactions within the meso-scale MM5 model, it was the turbulences in the boundary layer that had the most important impacts on the final model outputs and MY-4 seemed to better reflect this turbulent process, hence leading to the aforementioned im-provements.
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