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Enhanced visuospatial memory following intracerebroventricular administration of nerve growth factor

NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY 2000年第1期73卷 49-67页

作者： Brandner, C Vantini, G Schenk, F Inst Physiol CH-1005 Lausanne Switzerland

The present work assessed the effects of intracerebroventricular injections of rh recombined human nerve growth factor (rh NGF) (5 mu g/2.5 mu l) at postnatal days 12 and 13 upon the development of spatial learning capacities. The treated rats were trained at the age of 22 days to escape onto an invisible platform at a fixed position in space in a Morris navigation task. For half of the subjects, the training position was also cued, a procedure aimed at facilitating escape and at reducing attention to the distant spatial cues. Later, at the age of 6 months, all the rats were trained in a radial-arm maze task. Treatment effects were found in both immature and adult rats. The injection of NGF improved the performance in the Morris navigation task in both training conditions. There was a significant reduction in the escape latency and an increased bias toward the training platform quadrant during probe trials. The most consistent effect was the precocious development of an adult-like spatial memory. In the radial-arm maze, the NGF-treated rats made significantly fewer reentries than vehicle rats and this effect was particularly marked in the treated female rats. Taken together, these experiments reveal that the development and the maintenance of an accurate spatial representation are tightly related to the development of brain structures facilitated by the action of NGF. Moreover, these experiments demonstrate that an acute pharmacological treatment that leads to a transient modification in the choline acetyltransferase activity can induce a behavioral change long after the treatment. (C) 2000 Academic Press.

关键词：年龄因素脑/药物作用胆碱O-乙酰转移酶/代谢剂量效应关系药物逃逸反应/药物作用额叶/药物作用海马/药物作用注射脑室内迷宫学习/药物作用回忆/药物作用神经生长因子/药理学定向力/药物作用重组蛋白质类/药理学动物女(雌)性人类男(雄)性大鼠

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Effects of serotonergic and opioidergic drugs on escape behaviors and social status of male crickets

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NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1999年第9期86卷 435-437页

作者： Dyakonova, VE Schürmann, FW Sakharov, DA Russian Acad Sci Inst Dev Biol Moscow 117808 Russia Univ Gottingen Inst Zool & Anthropol Gottingen Germany

We examined the effects of selective serotonin depletion and opioid ligands on social rank and related escape behavior of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. Establishment of social rank in a pair of males affected their escape reactions. Losers showed a lower and dominants a higher percentage of jumps in response to tactile cereal stimulation than before a fight. The serotonin-depleting drug alpha-methyltryptophan (AMTP) caused an activation of the escape reactivity in socially naive crickets. AMTP-treated animals also showed a lower ability to become dominants. With an initial 51.6+/-3.6% of wins in the AMTP group, the percentage decreased to 26+/-1.6% on day 5 after injection. The opiate receptor antagonist naloxone affected fight and escape similarly as AMTP. In contrast to naloxone, the opioid agonist [d-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin decreased escape responsiveness to cereal stimulation in naive and subordinate crickets. We suggest that serotonergic and opioid systems are involved in the dominance induced depression of escape behavior.

关键词：逃逸反应/药物作用逃逸反应/生理学蟋蟀科/生理学阶层社会纳洛酮/药理学麻醉品拮抗药受体阿片样/激动剂受体阿片样/生理学血清素/生理学色氨酸/类似物和衍生物色氨酸/药理学动物男(雄)性

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TESTOSTERONE AND FEAR BEHAVIOR IN MALE CHICKS

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PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR 1976年第4期17卷 561-564页

作者： ARCHER, J UNIV SUSSEX SCH BIOL SCI ETHOL & NEUROPHYSIOL GRG BRIGHTON SUSSEX ENGLAND

Testosterone-injected and control male chicks were tested either for 3 min a day on consecutive days in an open field containing a bell which was sounded for the first 5 s, or for 3 min in a plain open field followed by a bell sounded from outside the field. In the 1st situation, hormone-injected chicks showed more freezing and immobility, but less active escape and avoidance responses. In the 2nd situation, testosterone-treated and control chicks did not show these differences. It was suggested that the occurrence of a localized aversive stimulus (the bell) in the center of the open field had resulted in different types of fear behavior in the 2 types of chick because the hormone injected group attended more to the localized stimulus.

关键词：回避学习/药物作用鸡逃逸反应/药物作用恐惧/药物作用反应时间/药物作用睾酮/药理学动物男(雄)性

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VARIABLE TEMPORAL GRADIENTS OF RETROGRADE-AMNESIA - CONTINGENCY ON TASKS AND SPECIES

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BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 1976年第3期18卷 447-453页

作者： BANERJEE, U DAS, P UNIV MALAYA DEPT PHARMACOL KUALA LUMPUR MALAYSIA UNIV MALAYA FAC MED DEPT PHYSIOL KUALA LUMPUR MALAYSIA

Rats were trained to acquire active and passive avoidance and associative-escape learning within 10 min. Amnesic treatments with electroconvulsive shock, pentylenetetrazol or pentobarbitone followed at varying intervals from the onset of training. Tests for retention 24 h later showed task-variable temporal gradients of retrograde amnesia even with the same treatment. ECS amnesia had the shortest gradients, ranging from 3-15 min, the pentobarbitone gradient was up to 15 min in the escape learning;pentylenetetrazol produced amnesia with longer gradients of 4 to over 30 min. Mice used in the escape learning task showed longer gradients than rats with all 3 treatments.

关键词：遗忘/病因学遗忘逆行性/化学诱导遗忘逆行性/病因学回避学习/药物作用电休克逃逸反应/药物作用戊巴比妥/药理学戊四唑/药理学记忆保持力(心理学) 种特异性时间因素动物女(雌)性人类男(雄)性小鼠大鼠

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EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE ON CALLING OF DOMESTIC CHICK IN A STRANGE ENVIRONMENT

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ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR 1975年第FEB期23卷 169-178页

作者： ANDREW, RJ UNIV SUSSEX SCH BIOL SCIETHOL & NEUROPHYSIOL GRPBRIGHTONENGLAND

Testosterone affects calling in a strange environment in two independent ways. In both sexes, short calls increase in number at the expense of peeps early in the test (when they would in any case be numerous) probably as a result of an increased tendency to repeat the call which has just been given. In males only, peeps are reduced in number during established calling, as a result of the interpolation of brief periods of silence. There is no accompanying depression of escape, but the visual scanning usual during peeps is reduced. The replacement of peeps by silence and immobility may be a consequence of an increase in persistence of attention to particular stimuli.

关键词：动物新生注意力/药物作用鸡剂量效应关系药物环境逃逸反应/药物作用注射肌肉内运动活动/药物作用性别因素睾酮/投药和剂量睾酮/药理学视知觉/药物作用发声动物/药物作用动物女(雌)性男(雄)性

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DISCRIMINATED ESCAPE LEARNING AND RESPONSE TO ELECTRIC SHOCK AFTER 6-HYDROXYDOPAMINE LESIONS OF NIGRO-NEOSTRIATAL DOPAMINERGIC PROJECTION

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PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR 1975年第2期3卷 285-290页

作者： PRICE, MTC FIBIGER, HC UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPT PSYCHIATDIV NEUROL SCIVANCOUVERBRITISH COLUMBICANADA

In an earlier report it was observed that bilateral stereotaxic injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the zone compacta of the substantia nigra deficits in the acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response [8], The present experiments were designed to determine if either a generalized learning impairment or a decreased sensitivity to foot shock might be the basis for the avoidance deficit. It was found that rats subjected to bilateral 6-OHDA lesions of the substantia nigra learned a light discrimination shock escape habit in as few trials as unoperated controls. This observation indicates that the integrity of the dopaminergic nigro-neostriatal system is not essential for the formation of learned associations between sensory cues and motor responses. In a second experiment it was observed that neither the shock-induced flinch nor the jump threshold was elevated after nigral lesions, suggesting that these lesions do not decrease the aversive motivational properties of foot shock. In view of these findings, the nature of the avoidance deficit produced by substantia nigra lesions is discussed with reference to the possibility that they selectively block the initiation of voluntary motor responses. According to this hypothesis, the failure of these lesions to disrupt escape responding may be due to the fact that the unconditioned stimulus generates reflexive motor responses (flinch, jump, etc.) which are sufficient to begin the motor sequences that cannot be initiated voluntarily in response to the conditioned stimulus.

关键词：回避学习/药物作用脑化学/药物作用条件反射操作式/药物作用纹状体/药物作用辨别学习/药物作用多巴胺/分析电休克逃逸反应/药物作用羟基多巴胺类/药理学下丘脑/药物作用运动活动/药物作用神经通路去甲肾上腺素/分析立体定位技术黑质/药物作用动物男(雄)性大鼠

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