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Seasonal variations in sexual activity and their implications for sexual health promotion

JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE 1999年第2期92卷 60-64页

作者： Wellings, K Macdowall, W Catchpole, M Goodrich, J Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med Dept Publ Hlth & Policy Sexual Hlth Programme Hlth Promot Res Unit London WC1E 7HT England Publ Hlth Lab Serv Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance London NW9 5EQ England Hlth Educ Author London WC1H 9TX England

Although seasonal variations in births are observed in all human populations, the links between calendar events and sexual activity have received little attention in relation to health promotion and service provision. We have plotted various relevant data--routinely collected data for births within and outside of marriage, abortions, sexually transmitted infections, human immunodeficiency Virus tests and condom sales figures--by calendar period. The trends point consistently to an increase in sexual activity and unsafe sex occurring at or around the Christmas period, and a longer but less pronounced subsidiary period of increased sexual activity and unsafe sex coinciding with the summer vacation. We conclude that seasonal patterns of sexual activity have implications for provision of sexual health services and for the timing and targeting of sexual health promotional interventions.

关键词：流产人工/统计学和数值数据出生率避孕套/统计学和数值数据避孕/统计学和数值数据 HIV感染/诊断健康促进婚姻季节性行为性传播疾病/流行病学性传播疾病/预防和控制女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Determinants of contraceptive use and method choice in Turkey

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JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE 2000年第3期32卷 329-342页

作者： Koc, I Hacettepe Univ Inst Populat Studies TR-06100 Ankara Turkey

In this study, the determinants of contraceptive use and method choice are examined based on various variables, classified as individual. cultural, fertility and contextual. The data used came from the 1993 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey. The main finding is that there exists a positive association between the educational level of both spouses and the use of contraceptive methods in Turkey. After all individual, cultural, fertility and contextual variables are controlled, a woman's education is a stronger predictor of method use and method choice than that of her husband. Increasing the educational level of women may be the most effective means of advancing family planning acceptance and increasing the demand for contraceptive services in Turkey. The study also shows that, to a great extent, contraceptive use and choice of modern method depend on the sex of a couple's living children, implying some preference for sons, although generally women prefer to have children of both sexes.

关键词：选择行为避孕/方法避孕/心理学避孕/统计学和数值数据避孕行为/心理学避孕行为/统计学和数值数据教育程度家庭特征生育力健康知识态度实践居住特征性配偶/教育配偶/心理学土耳其青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Education as policy: The impact of education on marriage, contraception, and fertility in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia

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SOCIAL BIOLOGY 1998年第3-4期45卷 194-213页

作者： Heaton, TB Forste, R Brigham Young Univ Dept Sociol Provo UT 84602 USA Brigham Young Univ Ctr Studies Family Provo UT 84602 USA

Using data from the World Fertility and Demographic and Wealth Surveys of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia, we model the effects of education on three demographic outcomes: the timing of first sexual union, contraceptive use, and fertility These effects are examined over time and across geographic areas using a multivariate framework, We find substantial improvements in female educational attainment over the last fifty years and a strong relationship between education and the demographic outcomes. Each successive increment in education is associated with declines in the marriage rate, increased contraceptive use, and lower fertility. Education accounts for some of the changes over time in the demographic outcomes, but the pattern varies by outcome, time period, and geographic area. In support of the social diffusion hypothesis, our results indicate that educational differences in reproductive behavior are reduced as the level of development increases and societies pass through their demographic transition.

关键词：玻利维亚哥伦比亚避孕/统计学和数值数据生育力健康教育/组织和管理健康知识态度实践卫生政策婚姻/统计学和数值数据秘鲁问卷调查回归分析青少年成年人女(雌)性人类

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The potential role of contraception in reducing abortion

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STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 2000年第3期31卷 193-202页

作者： Bongaarts, J Westoff, CF Populat Council Policy Res Div New York NY 10021 USA Princeton Univ Princeton NJ 08544 USA

This study Examines the potential role of further increases in contraceptive prevalence and effectiveness in reducing abortion rates. The model used in this analysis links the abortion rate to ifs direct determinants, including couples' reproductive preferences, the prevalence and effectiveness of contraceptive practice to implement these preferences, and the probability of undergoing an abortion to avoid an unintended birth when a contraceptive fails or is not used. An assessment of the tradeoff between contraception and abortion yields estimates of the decline in the total abortion rate that would result from an illustrative increase of 10 percentage points in prevalence. This effect varies among societies, primarily because the tendency to obtain an abortion after an unintended pregnancy varies. For example, in a population with an abortion probability of 0.5, a 10 percentage-point increase in prevalence would avert approximately 0.45 abortions per woman, assuming contraception is 95 percent effective. If all unintended pregnancies were aborted, this Effect would be three times larger. Eliminating all unintended pregnancies and subsequent abortions would require a rise in contraceptive prevalence to the level at which all fecund women who do not wish to become pregnant practice contraception that is 100 percent effective. A procedure is provided for estimating this "perfect" level of contraceptive prevalence.

关键词：流产人工/统计学和数值数据流产人工/发展趋势生育间隔避孕/统计学和数值数据避孕/发展趋势家庭特征生育力朝鲜模型理论妊娠不想要的患病率概率青少年成年人女(雌)性人类中年人妊娠

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The impact of mass media family planning programmes on current use of contraception in urban Bangladesh

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JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE 2000年第3期32卷 411-419页

作者： Kabir, M Islam, MA Jahangirnagar Univ Dept Stat Dhaka Bangladesh

A sample of 871 currently married urban Bangladeshi women was used to assess the impact of mass media family planning programmes on current contraceptive use. The analyses suggested that radio had been playing a significant role in spreading family planning messages among eligible clients;38% of women with access to a radio had heard of family planning messages while the figures for TV and newspaper were 18.5% and 8.5% respectively. Education, number of living children and current contraceptive use were important predictors of exposure to any mass media family planning messages. There was a negative relationship between breast-feeding and the current use of contraception indicating a low need for contraception among women who were breast-feeding.

关键词：孟加拉国避孕/心理学避孕/统计学和数值数据教育程度计划生育服务/组织和管理健康知识态度实践 Logistic模型大众媒体母亲/教育母亲/心理学方案评价无线电社会经济因素电视城市卫生青少年成年人女(雌)性人类中年人

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Uzbekistan 1996: Results from the demographic and health survey

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STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 1999年第1期30卷 83-87页

作者： [Anonymous]

This survey was conducted by the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent City, within the framework of the DHS Program of Macro International. Data for the UDHS were collected from 3703 households and complete interviews were conducted with 4415 women aged 15-49. The interviews took place between 24 June and 12 October 1996. The UDHS is the first national-level population and health survey ever conducted in Uzbekistan. Presents the summary statistics, with exceptions as noted. (Quotes from original text)

关键词：避孕/统计学和数值数据生育力健康知识态度实践健康状况健康调查婚姻/统计学和数值数据年患病率营养状况乌兹别克斯坦/流行病学生命统计妇女卫生青少年成年人女(雌)性人类中年人

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Kenya 1998: Results from the demographic and health survey

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STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 2000年第3期31卷 252-256页

作者： [Anonymous]

The results from the 1998 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey are offered. Data for the nationally representative survey were collected from 8,380 households, and complete interviews were conducted with 7,881 women ag... 详细信息

关键词：生育间隔母乳喂养/统计学和数值数据儿童营养障碍/流行病学避孕/方法避孕/统计学和数值数据避孕/发展趋势接生产科/统计学和数值数据人口统计学腹泻婴儿/流行病学腹泻婴儿/治疗教育生育力补液疗法健康调查婴儿死亡率/发展趋势婴儿营养障碍/流行病学肯尼亚/流行病学母亲农村人口市区人口接种/统计学和数值数据青少年成年人儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿婴儿新生男(雄)性中年人妊娠

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Bolivia 1998: Results from the demographic and health survey

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STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 2000年第3期31卷 257-261页

作者： [Anonymous]

The results of the 1998 Bolivia Demographic and Health Survey are offered. Data for this nationally representative survey were collected from 12,109 households, and complete interviews were conducted with 11,187 women... 详细信息

关键词：年龄因素生育间隔玻利维亚/流行病学母乳喂养/统计学和数值数据儿童营养障碍/流行病学避孕/方法避孕/统计学和数值数据接生产科/统计学和数值数据人口统计学腹泻婴儿/流行病学腹泻婴儿/治疗教育家庭特征生育力补液疗法健康调查婴儿死亡率/发展趋势婴儿营养障碍/流行病学婚姻状况母亲营养状况农村人口市区人口接种/统计学和数值数据青少年成年人儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿婴儿新生中年人

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