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Xylanase from a newly isolated Fusarium verticillioides capable of utilizing corn fiber xylan

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2001年第5-6期56卷 762-766页

作者： Saha, BC USDA ARS Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res Fermentat Biochem Res Unit Peoria IL 61604 USA

A fungus. Fusarium verticillioides (NRRL 26518), was isolated by screening soil samples using corn fiber xylan as carbon source. The extracellular xylanase from this fungal strain was purified to apparent homogeneity from the culture supernatant by ultrafiltration using a 30,000 cut-off membrane. octyl-Sepharose chromatography and Bio gel A-0.5 in gel filtration. The purified xylanase (specific activity 492 U/mg protein: MW 24,000. pI 8.6) displayed an optimum temperature at 50 degreesC and optimum pH at 5.5, a pH stability range from 4.0 to 9.5 and thermal stability up to 50 degreesC. It hydrolyzed a variety of xylan substrates mainly to xylobiose and higher short-chain xylooligosaccharides. No xylose was formed. The enzyme did not require metal ions for activity and stability.

关键词：镰刀菌属/酶学镰刀菌属/分离和提纯土壤微生物学底物特异性木聚糖内-1 3-β-木糖苷酶木聚糖类/代谢木糖苷酶类/化学木糖苷酶类/分离和提纯木糖苷酶类/代谢玉米/化学

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A mycological investigation of phane an edible caterpillar of an emperor moth, Imbrasia belina

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第1期63卷 137-140页

作者： Simpanya, MF Allotey, J Mpuchane, SF Univ Botswana & Swaziland Dept Biol Sci Gaborone Botswana

Phane worm (an edible larval stage of the emperor moth Imbrasia belina Westwood) is an important food source, and its harvesting is an economic activity in rural Botswana. When the larva is feeding on leaves and later during processing, phane gets contaminated with fungi from the leaves and soil. We examined 73 jars, each containing approximately 608 g (+/-0.25 g) of processed phane stored under laboratory conditions (temperature range 20 to 24 degrees C and 50 to 80% relative humidity) and combined intestinal contents of five phane squeezed into each of 74 Duran bottles for fungi. Ninety seven percent of 74 samples of intestinal contents and 57.5% of 73 laboratory-stored phane were positive for either molds and/or yeasts. Yeast population in intestinal contents ranged from 2 x 10(1) CFU/g to 5 x 10(3) CFU/g, whereas molds ranged from 1 x 10(1) CFU/g to 2 x 10(2) CFU/g. Laboratory-stored phane had a mold population of 1 x 10(2) CFU/g to 6 x 10(5) CFU/g. Species of Chaetomium 13.8%, Aspergillus 12.4%, Fusarium 5.5%, and Mucor racemosus 4.1% were the most prevalent in intestinal contents of phane, whereas Aspergillus 42.1%, Penicillium 33.9%, and Mucorales 5.7% were predominant in laboratory-stored phane. The important mycotoxigenic fungi A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. ochraceus, P. aurantiogriseum, P. citrinum, and P. verrucosum were isolated mainly from the laboratory-stored phane. The genera isolated from both intestinal phane contents and laboratory-stored phane were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Drechslera, Fusarium, Mucor, Phoma, and Penicillium, suggesting recontamination of phane during drying and storage.

关键词：曲霉菌属/分离和提纯博茨瓦纳毛壳菌属/分离和提纯镰刀菌属/分离和提纯肠/微生物学幼虫/微生物学有丝分裂孢子真菌/分离和提纯蛾/微生物学毛霉菌属/分离和提纯动物

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Invasive hyalohyphomycosis due to Fusarium solani in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY 2000年第9期39卷 717-718页

作者： Costa, AR Valente, NYS Criado, PR Pires, MC Vasconcellos, C Cidia Vasconcellos md msc phd São Paulo Brazil

Focuses on a medical case of a white man diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Results of a dermatological examination; Clinical hypothesis of septic emboli; Need for Fusarium solani to be added to list of opport... 详细信息

关键词：镰刀菌属/分离和提纯腿皮肤病/并发症腿皮肤病/微生物学腿皮肤病/病理学真菌病/并发症真菌病/微生物学真菌病/病理学前体细胞淋巴母细胞白血病淋巴瘤/并发症青少年人类男(雄)性

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Genetic diversity of Fusarium oxysporum strains from common bean fields in Spain

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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 1999年第8期65卷 3335-3340页

作者： Alves-Santos, FM Benito, EP Eslava, AP Díaz-Mínguez, JM Univ Salamanca Dept Genet & Microbiol Area Genet Salamanca 37007 Spain

Fusarium wilt is an endemic disease in El Barco de Avila (Castilla y Leon, west-central Spain), where high-quality common bean cultivars have been cultured for the last century. We used intergenic spacer (IGS) region polymorphism of ribosomal DNA, electrophoretic karyotype patterns, and vegetative compatibility and pathogenicity analyses to assess the genetic diversity within Fusarium oxysporum isolates recovered from common bean plants growing in fields around El Barco de Avila, Ninety-six vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were found among 128 isolates analyzed;most of these VCGs contained only a single isolate. The strains belonging to pathogenic VCGs and the most abundant nonpathogenic VCGs were further examined for polymorphisms in the IGS region and electrophoretic karyotype patterns. Isolates belonging to the same VCG exhibited the same IGS haplotype and very similar electrophoretic karyotype patterns. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that VCGs represent clonal lineages that rarely, if ever, reproduce sexually. The F, oxysporum f. sp,phaseoli strains recovered had the same IGS haplotype and similar electrophoretic karyotype patterns, different from those found for F, oxysporum f, sp, phaseoli from the Americas, and were assigned to three new VCGs (VCGs 0166, 0167, and 0168), Based on our results, we do not consider the strains belonging to F, oxysporum f. sp, phaseoli to be a monophyletic group within F, oxysporum, as there is no correlation between pathogenicity and VCG, IGS restriction fragment length polymorphism, or electrophoretic karyotype.

关键词：碱基序列 DNA引物/遗传学 DNA 真菌/遗传学 DNA 真菌/分离和提纯电泳凝胶脉冲场豆科/微生物学镰刀菌属/遗传学镰刀菌属/分离和提纯镰刀菌属/致病力植物疾病/微生物学植物药用多态性限制性片段长度西班牙

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Development and use of a reverse transcription-PCR assay to study expression of Tri5 by Fusarium species in vitro and in planta

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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 1999年第9期65卷 3850-3854页

作者： Doohan, FM Weston, G Rezanoor, HN Parry, DW Nicholson, P John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res Cereals Dept Norwich NR4 7UH Norfolk England Hort Res Int Maidstone ME19 6BJ Kent England

The Tri5 gene encodes trichodiene synthase, which catalyzes the first reaction in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway. In vitro, a direct relationship was observed between Tri5 expression and the increase in deoxunivalenol production over time. We developed a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay to quantify Tri5 gene expression in trichothecene-producing strains of Fusarium species. We observed an increase in Tri5 expression following treatment of Fusarium culmorum with fungicides, and we also observed an inverse relationship between Tri5 expression and biomass, as measured by beta-D-glucuronidase activity, during colonization of wheat (cv. Avalon) seedlings by F. culmorum. RT-PCR analysis also showed that for ears of wheat cv. Avalon inoculated with F. culmorum, there were different levels of Tri5 expression in grain and chaff at later growth stages. We used the Tri5-specific primers to develop a PCR assay to detect trichothecene-producing Fusarium species in infected plant material.

关键词：抗真菌药/药理学碳碳裂合酶类/生物合成碳碳裂合酶类/遗传学 DNA 真菌/分析镰刀菌属/药物作用镰刀菌属/酶学镰刀菌属/遗传学镰刀菌属/分离和提纯基因表达植物疾病/微生物学逆转录聚合酶链反应/方法三唑类/药理学单端孢霉烯类/代谢小麦属/微生物学

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Fumonisin production by Fusarium species isolated from cereals and feeds in Spain

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 1999年第7期62卷 811-813页

作者： Castellá, G Bragulat, MR Cabañes, FJ Univ Autonoma Barcelona Dept Patol & Prod Anim Microbiol Fac Vet E-08193 Barcelona Spain

The ability of Fusarium species to produce fumonisins was studied with 145 isolates of the following species: F. moniliforme (119 isolates), F. subglutinans (12 isolates), F. proliferatum (9 isolates), F. avenaceum (1 isolate), F. oxysporum (1 isolate), and F, semitectum (3 isolates). All isolates were cultured on autoclaved corn kernels. The production of fumonisins was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography-o-phthaldialdehyde-fluorescence method. Fumonisin production was restricted to isolates of F. moniliforme (94.1%) and F. proliferatum (100%), in the section Liseola, including all strains isolated from wheat, barley, peas, and soybean. One strain of F. proliferatum isolated from maize produced 30,949 mu g/g of fumonisin B-1 and 16,966 mu g/g of fumonisin B-2.

关键词：动物饲料/微生物学羧酸类/代谢伏马菌素类镰刀菌属/分离和提纯镰刀菌属/代谢真菌毒素类/生物合成西班牙

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Fungal keratitis as an indicator of HIV infection in Africa

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TROPICAL DOCTOR 1999年第3期29卷 133-135页

作者： Mselle, J Muhimbili Med Ctr Dept Ophthalmol Dar Es Salaam Tanzania

A 1-year hospital-based study was undertaken on 212 patients at Muhimbili Medical Centre (MMC) from October 1994 to October 1995. The objective was to determine the aetiology of corneal ulceration. A comparison of the prevalence of HIV infection between patients with fungal keratitis and those with non-fungal keratitis was included. Bacterial infection (32.1%), and mycotic infection (15.1%) were the leading causes of corneal ulceration. There were 32 patients with fungal keratitis and 180 patients with non-fungal keratitis. The male:female ratio for patients with fungal keratitis was 1.7:1 and the peak age group was 20-50 years. Fusarium solani was the commonest organism accounting for 75% of cases with fungal keratitis. Twenty of 32 (81.2%) cases with fungal keratitis were found to be HIV positive;33% of those with non-fungal keratitis were HIV positive (P-value was < 0.001).

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分离自串珠镰孢及相关属的次级代谢产物

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生物技术通报 1994年第5期 78页

作者：陶冶

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