闭塞性细支气管炎综合征(BOS)是造血干细胞移植(HSCT)后最常见的非感染性肺部并发症,该病通常起病隐匿,早期诊断困难,且病理改变不可逆,治疗效果差,导致显著的非复发性死亡率。目前关于儿童HSCT后BOS的研究有限,其临床诊疗仍然面临巨大挑战。本文将综述儿童HSCT后BOS的发病率、危险因素、发病机制、诊断标准及治疗进展,旨在为促进该疾病的早期诊断和有效治疗提供理论支持,推动临床实践的发展。Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the most common non-infectious pulmonary complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The disease typically presents with an insidious onset, making early diagnosis challenging. Pathological changes are irreversible, treatment responses are poor, and it leads to significant non-relapse mortality. Currently, research on BOS in pediatric patients post-HSCT is limited, and clinical management remains a substantial challenge. This review summarizes the incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and treatment advances of BOS following pediatric HSCT, aiming to provide theoretical support for early diagnosis and effective treatment of the disease, and to promote the advancement of clinical practice.
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