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US science shocked by revelations of sexual discrimination

NATURE 2000年第6787期405卷 713-714页

作者： Loder, N Natasha Loder is a news reporter at Nature.

The scientific establishment in the United States has received a resounding wake-up call over sexual equality. Natasha Loder investigates. The battle of the sexes is far from over. Two studies, one in Sweden1, the other in the United States2, have produced startling evidence that sexual equality in science remains a distant goal. But the results of these surveys are at last providing some impetus for change.

关键词：欧洲全体教工院校/统计学和数值数据偏见研究人员科学美国妇女就业女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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The relationship between posttraumatic stress symptomatology and suicidal behavior in school-based adolescents

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SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR 2000年第2期30卷 91-103页

作者： Mazza, JJ Univ Washington Dept Educ Psychol Seattle WA 98195 USA

This study investigated the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and suicidal behavior, specifically suicidal ideation and suicide attempt history, while controlling for depression and gender in 106 adolescents in an urban high school. Participants completed self-report measures of the Adolescent Psychopathology Scales-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Subscale (APS-PTS), the APS-Suicide Attempt History (APS-SAH), the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Junior (SIQ-JR), and the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS). Analyses were conducted using a hierarchical multiple regression design to account for the relationship between PTSD symptomatology and depression. Regression results showed that after controlling for depression and gender, PTSD symptomatology was significantly related to suicidal ideation and showed a trend toward suicide attempt history. I;I addition, adolescents with high levels of PTSD symptomatology were more likely than peers with "average" levels of PTSD symptomatology to be currently thinking about suicide and to have made a past suicide attempt. These findings show that PTSD symptomatology has a unique relationship to adolescent suicidal behavior that cannot be explained by depression or gender. The importance of these results and their implications for future research are discussed.

关键词：青春期行为/心理学抑郁/心理学美国西北部精神病状态评定量表回归分析抽样研究院校/统计学和数值数据性别因素应激障碍创伤后/心理学自杀未遂/人种学自杀未遂/心理学自杀未遂/统计学和数值数据市区人口/统计学和数值数据青少年女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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DEATH EDUCATION IN SELECTED HEALTH-PROFESSIONS

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DEATH STUDIES 1992年第3期16卷 281-289页

作者： DICKINSON, GE SUMNER, ED FREDERICK, LM MED UNIV S CAROLINA CHARLESTONSC 29425 MACMURRAY COLL JACKSONVILLEIL

Health professionals have a high probability of working with populations experiencing death and other types of loss. Surveys of medical, nursing, pharmacy, dental, and social work schools in the United States to determine their offerings in thanatology revealed that the majority (with the exception of dentistry) offer some education on death and dying. Because most of the offerings are limited to one or two lectures, a high percentage of students are graduating with limited formal exposure in this area. However, offerings have come a long way since the early 1970s.

关键词：对死亡的态度课程教育牙科教育医学教育护理教育药学全体教工院校/统计学和数值数据卫生人员/教育问卷调查院校卫生职业/统计学和数值数据社会工作/教育教学/方法死亡学美国

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Why are residential and school moves associated with poor school performance?

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DEMOGRAPHY 1999年第4期36卷 521-534页

作者： Pribesh, S Downey, DB Ohio State Univ Dept Sociol Columbus OH 43210 USA

Most research on residential mobility has documented a clear pattern: Residential and school moves are associated with poor academic performance. Explanations for this relationship, however remain speculative. Some researchers argue that moving affects so- cial relationships that are important to academic achievement. But the association between moving and school performance may be spurious: the negative correlation may be a function of other characteristics of people who move often. We offer several conceptual and analytical refinements to these ideas, allowing us to produce more precise tests than past researchers. Using longitudinal data, we find that differences in achievement between movers and nonmovers are partially a result of declines in social relationships experienced by students who move. Most of the negative effect of moving, however, is dice to preexisting differences between the two groups.

关键词：儿童心理学横断面研究教育程度人际关系最小二乘法分析生活变动事件纵向研究模型心理学模型统计学问卷调查研究设计居住流动性/统计学和数值数据院校/统计学和数值数据社会经济因素应激心理学/病因学应激心理学/心理学学生/心理学学生/统计学和数值数据美国儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Comparison of Canadian education students' and teachers' estimates of the prevalence of learning 'disabilities'

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PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS 1999年第2期88卷 561-562页

作者： Flynn, M Kelly, IW LaPointe, K Univ Saskatchewan Coll Educ Dept Educ Psychol & Special Educ Saskatoon SK S7N 0X1 Canada

Canadian College of Education students (N=295;M age=20.3 yr.) and classroom teachers (n=84;M age=41.5 yr.) were asked to give estimates of the prevalence of learning disabilities in the schools. A factorial analysis of variance indicated that education students gave significantly higher estimates than teachers and that the sex of the student was related to size of estimate. Teachers' estimates of the prevalence of learning disabilities were more than twice the size of the highest estimates of researchers in the field.

关键词：方差分析态度判断学习障碍/流行病学萨斯喀彻温/流行病学院校/统计学和数值数据性别因素学生/心理学教学大学职业教育成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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