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CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA 2000年第4期9卷 733-+页

作者： Farrington, DP Loeber, R Univ Cambridge Inst Criminol Cambridge CB3 9DT England Univ Pittsburgh Dept Psychiat Pittsburgh PA USA Free Univ Amsterdam Dept Child Psychol Amsterdam Netherlands

This article reviews the epidemiology and development of juvenile violence, together with key risk factors and risk assessment. Juvenile violent offenders tend to be persistent or frequent offenders with concurrent problems. There is considerable continuity from childhood aggression to juvenile violence, and an early age of onset of violence predicts a large number of violent offenses. The major risk factors are individual (high impulsiveness and low intelligence), family (parental criminality, poor supervision, harsh discipline, child maltreatment, disrupted families, large family size, and family poverty), peer delinquency gang membership urban residence, and Living in high crime neighborhoods. New longitudinal studies focusing specifically on juvenile violence are needed to advance knowledge of this subject.

关键词：青春期行为/心理学家庭/心理学青少年犯罪/统计学和数值数据同侪集群居住特征危险因素美国/流行病学暴力/统计学和数值数据青少年儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Witnessed community violence and antisocial behavior in high-risk, urban boys

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 1999年第1期28卷 2-11页

作者： Miller, LS Wasserman, GA Neugebauer, R Gorman-Smith, D Kamboukos, D Columbia Univ New York State Psychiat Inst Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat New York NY 10027 USA Columbia Univ New York State Psychiat Inst Div Epidemiol Dev Brain Disorders New York NY 10027 USA Univ Illinois Inst Juvenile Res Chicago IL USA

Examined the longitudinal relation between children's self-report of witnessing community violence,family environment and parent report of child antisocial behavior in a sample of 6- to 10-year-old urban American boys (N = 97) at familial risk for antisocial behavior, Boys reported high rates of lifetime exposure to community violence. Boys' reports of witnessing community violence were significantly positively related to changes over 15 months in child antisocial behavior even after controlling for the possible effects of 3 aspects of parent-child interactions shown previously to be related to problematic child behavior Furthermore, family environment particularly the degree to which parents engaged in conflict with their sons. moderated the effect of witnessed violence on changes in antisocial behavior. In families with low conflict, higher levels of witnessed violence predicted increases in antisocial behavior over time fn contrast, in families with relatively high levels of parent-child conflict, high-witnessed violence had no additional influence on antisocial outcome. This, is the first prospective: longitudinal study to document an association between witnessed community violence and changes in antisocial behavior in young, urban boys at familial risk for antisocial behavior.

关键词：行为障碍/流行病学冲突(心理学) 家庭卫生青少年犯罪/统计学和数值数据纽约市/流行病学亲子关系行使父母职责前瞻性研究回归分析危险因素社会环境城市卫生暴力/心理学暴力/统计学和数值数据儿童人类男(雄)性

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A test of the validity of delinquency syndrome construct in a homogeneous sample

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JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE 2000年第4期23卷 497-511页

作者： Benda, BB Corwyn, RF Univ Arkansas Sch Social Work Little Rock AR 72204 USA

This was a study of 387 adolescents who regularly attended churches affiliated with a primary Protestant denomination in a Midwestern state. The purpose was twofold: (1) to determine if the delinquency syndrome argument has validity in a sample of religious youths, by testing whether the same basic theoretical models explained crime and drug use;and (2) to examine the relative utility of sociodemographic, social control and social learning factors in explaining these two forms of delinquency. The study finds that all theoretical factors investigated are correlated significantly with both crime and use of drugs;however, some of these factors are differentially related to those two forms of delinquency. Also, social control elements did account for more additional variance in crime than did social learning or sociodemographic factors. Implications for future research are discussed in the context of limitations of the present study (C) 2000 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents.

关键词：青春期行为/心理学青少年犯罪/预防和控制青少年犯罪/统计学和数值数据问卷调查可重复性结果自我概念社会控制正式综合征青少年女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Parental monitoring: A reinterpretation

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CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2000年第4期71卷 1072-1085页

作者： Stattin, H Kerr, M Univ Orebro Dept Psychol S-70182 Orebro Sweden

Monitoring (tracking and surveillance) of children's behavior is considered an essential parenting skill. Numerous studies show that well-monitored youths are less involved in delinquency and other normbreaking behaviors, and scholars conclude that parents should track their children more carefully. This study questions that conclusion. We point out that monitoring measures typically assess parents' knowledge but not its source, and parents could get knowledge from their children's free disclosure of information as well as their own active surveillance efforts. In our study of 703 14-year-olds in central Sweden and their parents, parental knowledge came mainly from child disclosure, and child disclosure was the source of knowledge that was most closely linked to broad and narrow measures of delinquency (normbreaking and police contact). These results held for both children's and parents' reports, for both sexes, and were independent of whether the children were exhibiting problem behavior or not. We conclude that tracking and surveillance is not the best prescription for parental behavior and that a new prescription must rest on an understanding of the factors that determine child disclosure.

关键词：青少年犯罪/预防和控制青少年犯罪/心理学青少年犯罪/统计学和数值数据亲子关系行使父母职责/心理学行使父母职责/发展趋势回归分析抽样研究自我揭露社会行为障碍/预防和控制社会行为障碍/心理学社会化瑞典青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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The influence of personality and history of sexual victimization in the prediction of juvenile perpetrated child molestation

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BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION 2000年第2期24卷 241-263页

作者： Hunter, JA Figueredo, AJ Univ Virginia Sch Med UVA Hlth Syst Charlottesville VA 22908 USA Univ Arizona Dept Psychol Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Structural equation modeling was used to delineate the relationship between sexual victimization and personality variables in the prediction of patterns of child molestation in adolescent males. Two hundred thirty-five adolescents, representing subsamples of sexually victimized and nonvictimized, perpetrating and nonperpetrating, and emotionally maladjusted and nonmaladjusted youths, participated in the study. Juvenile child molesters were found to have more pessimistic explanatory styles and deficits in self-sufficiency relative to nonoffending youths. A younger age at time of victimization, a greater number of incidents, a longer period of waiting to report the abuse, and a lower level of perceived family support postrevelation of the abuse were found to be predictive of subsequent sexual perpetration. Implications for treatment are discussed.

关键词：交谈心理学青少年犯罪/心理学青少年犯罪/统计学和数值数据马里兰人格人格发展个性量表危险因素社会支持幸存患者/心理学弗吉尼亚华盛顿儿童学龄前人类男(雄)性

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Male adolescent sex offenders against children:: similarities and differences between those offenders with and those without a history of sexual abuse

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JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE 2000年第3期23卷 305-317页

作者： Hummel, P Thömke, V Oldenbürger, HA Specht, F Tech Univ Dresden Kinder & Jugendpsychiat Klin D-01309 Dresden Germany

This study compares a defined sample of male adolescents (n=36) with regard to their personal development, family characteristics and the types of offence they committed. Adolescent sex offenders with (n=16) and without (n=20) a history of sexual abuse who had offended against children were investigated during ongoing criminal proceedings by means of questionnaires and intelligence tests. The most important characteristic that distinguishes the two groups from each other is the more frequent absence of the parents of adolescents who committed sexual offences against children and had a history of sexual abuse. The consequences to be drawn from these results with regard to aggressive sexual delinquency in adolescence are discussed and suggestions are made with regard to further avenues of investigation. (C) 2000 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents.

关键词：猥亵儿童/心理学猥亵儿童/统计学和数值数据智力青少年犯罪/统计学和数值数据患病率问卷调查性别因素性犯罪/统计学和数值数据青少年儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Criminal behavior and emotional disorder: Comparing youth served by the mental health and juvenile justice systems

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JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES & RESEARCH 2000年第2期27卷 227-237页

作者： Rosenblatt, JA Rosenblatt, A Biggs, EE Univ Calif San Francisco Child Serv Res Grp San Francisco CA 94104 USA

This study explored whether youth involved in joint service systems differed from single-agency users in terms of types of crimes committed and clinical functioning. Data from 4, 924 youth involved in one county's public mental health and juvenile justice service systems were examined. Twenty percent of those youth receiving mental health services had recent arrest records, and 30% of youth arrested received mental health services. Of all youth arrested in the county, mental health service users had more arrests than non-mental health service users. A subsample of 94 mental health service users with arrests was matched on demographics with 94 mental health service users without arrests. Youth with arrests had a higher frequency of conduct disorder higher Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing and Total Problem Scale scores, and more functional impairment on the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale as compared to youth without arrests. Implications for behavioral health service delivery were discussed.

关键词：加利福尼亚/流行病学病例对照研究社区精神卫生服务/组织和管理社区精神卫生服务/统计学和数值数据罪行/人种学罪行/心理学罪行/统计学和数值数据体内外控制青少年犯罪/人种学青少年犯罪/心理学青少年犯罪/统计学和数值数据精神障碍/并发症精神障碍/流行病学精神障碍/人种学精神障碍/心理学患病率精神病状态评定量表青少年儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Sociologic perspectives on juvenile violence

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CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA 2000年第4期9卷 749-+页

作者： Currie, E Univ Calif Berkeley Ctr Study Law & Soc Berkeley CA 94720 USA Inst Publ Hlth Berkeley CA USA

To an important degree, a nation's level of juvenile violence is a reflection of social and political choices it has made, or failed to make. The devastating levels of violence that persist among America's youth signal that, so far, we have not made those choices well. But the record of many other countries tells us that the choices rye have made are not the only ones available to us.

关键词：家庭/心理学青少年犯罪/统计学和数值数据危险因素社会支持社会经济因素美国/流行病学暴力/统计学和数值数据青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Inhalant use among antisocial youth: Prevalence and correlates

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ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 1999年第1期24卷 59-74页

作者： Howard, MO Jenson, JM Washington Univ George Warren Brown Sch Social Work St Louis MO 63130 USA Univ Iowa Sch Social Work Iowa City IA 52242 USA

The current (2.9%), annual (19.6%), and lifetime (34.3%) prevalence of inhalant use among 475 youth (M age = 15.5;SD = 1.5;87.4% male) on probation in a western stale of the United States was assessed. Inhalant users reported significantly less family support and cohesiveness and lower self-esteem, and significantly more lifetime thoughts of suicide and suicide attempts, neighborhood gang activity, peer and parental substance abuse, intentions to engage in illegal behavior, substance-related criminality, and substance abuse than did nonusers. Ethnicity, self-esteem, suicidality, number of substance-using peers, and extent of substance-related criminality significantly discriminated inhalant users from nonusers in a logistic regression analysis. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that age, perceived school ability, age at initiation of alcohol use, self-esteem. and substance-related criminality significantly predicted age at onset of inhalant use (R-2 =.30). Age at initiation of inhalant use, gang membership, truancy, and substance-related criminality significantly predicted lifetime frequency of inhalant use (R-2 =.20). Study findings indicate that inhalant-using delinquents evidence significantly greater antisocial attitudes, personal and familial dysfunction, and substance abuse, than do their non-inhalant-using counterparts. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词：投药吸入青春期行为发病年龄饮酒/流行病学人种群/统计学和数值数据青少年犯罪/心理学青少年犯罪/统计学和数值数据患病率危险因素抽样研究社会环境统计数据江湖药物质相关性障碍/流行病学犹他/流行病学青少年成年人儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Diagnostic status and symptomatic behavior of hard-to-manage preschool children in middle childhood and early adolescence

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 1999年第1期28卷 44-57页

作者： Pierce, EW Ewing, LJ Campbell, SB Univ Pittsburgh Dept Psychol Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Univ Pittsburgh Dept Psychiat Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Bradley Hosp Providence RI USA

Followed 2 cohorts of hard-to-manage preschool children and comparison children without early problems to middle childhood and early adolescence. Children with early problems, especially problems that were still evident at school entry, were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for an externalizing diagnosis at follow-up. Hard-to-manage children in Cohort 1 with problems that persisted from ages 3 through 9 years were much mote likely to meet diagnostic criteria at age 13 than children whose early problems were less stable in elementary school. Similarly, hard-to-manage boys in Cohort 2 whose problems persisted at age 6 were more likely to meet criteria for an externalizing diagnosis at age 9 than hard-to-manage boys whose problems appeared less stable at age 6, Across cohorts, children with persistent problems had higher levels of symptoms and more varied symptoms at ages 3 and 4 and over the course of development.

关键词：病例对照研究卡方分布儿童行为障碍/分类儿童行为障碍/流行病学儿童行为障碍/病理生理学共病现象行为障碍/流行病学疾病恶化随访研究青少年犯罪/统计学和数值数据违拗症神经症性障碍/流行病学神经症性障碍/病理生理学宾夕法尼亚/流行病学危险因素社会适应社会行为障碍/流行病学社会行为障碍/病理生理学儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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