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枸橼酸杆菌引起食物中毒的报告

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中华流行病学杂志 1982年第4期3卷 233-235页

作者：孙成斋贾振山吴显军工程兵后勤部卫生处工程兵后勤部防检所 88612部队医院防疫所

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Control of food-borne viruses

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BRITISH MEDICAL BULLETIN 2000年第1期56卷 172-183页

作者： Appleton, H Cent Publ Hlth Lab Enter & Resp Virus Lab London NW9 5HT England

There are two main food-borne virus infections. These are viral gastroenteritis caused by small round structured viruses (SRSV) of the Norwalk group and hepatitis A. Both infections are normally transmitted directly from person-to-person, but on occasions they may also be food-borne or water-borne. Viruses do not multiply or produce toxins in foods, and foods merely ad as vehicles for their passive transfer. Foods may be contaminated by infected food-handlers, and outbreaks frequently involve cold foods that require much handling during preparation. Foods may also be contaminated in their growing and harvesting areas by sewage polluted water, and molluscan shellfish have been particularly implicated. PCR and ELISA based methods are being developed for detection and typing of Viruses in patients and also in food samples. Sensitive detection methods should facilitate the design of improved food processing methods to ensure virus-free food.

关键词：食品微生物学食物传播疾病/流行病学食物传播疾病/预防和控制食物传播疾病/病毒学胃肠炎/流行病学胃肠炎/预防和控制胃肠炎/病毒学肝炎病毒性人/流行病学肝炎病毒性人/预防和控制病毒性疾病/流行病学病毒性疾病/预防和控制人类

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Epidemiological typing of Bacillus cereus by amplified fragment length polymorphism

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LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第5期30卷 358-363页

作者： Ripabelli, G McLauchlin, J Mithani, V Threlfall, EJ Publ Hlth Lab Serv Cent Publ Hlth Lab Div Gastrointestinal Infect London NW9 5HT England

A simple amplified fragment length polymorphism method was developed for the epidemiological typing of Bacillus cereus. The method was applied to 21 cultures from seven food poisoning and eight non-food poisoning incidents. Results were compared with those obtained by conventional serotyping using flagellar antigens and assessed in relation to epidemiological data. Amplified fragment length polymorphism was found to be highly reproducible and 16 different profiles (each unique to the 15 incidents) were recognized. The method was also able to discriminate three subtypes within serotype Hl, which is responsible for the majority of the emetic type of B. cereus food poisoning in England and Wales.

关键词：蜡状芽孢杆菌/遗传学细菌感染/流行病学 DNA 细菌/遗传学英格兰/流行病学食物传播疾病/流行病学食物传播疾病/微生物学胃肠疾病/流行病学肉/微生物学乳/微生物学分子流行病学多态性限制性片段长度患病率血清分型皮肤/微生物学胸部/微生物学威尔士/流行病学创伤和损伤/微生物学动物人类

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Economic aspects of food-borne outbreaks and their control

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BRITISH MEDICAL BULLETIN 2000年第1期56卷 133-141页

作者： Roberts, JA Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med Collaborat Ctr Econ Infect Dis Hlth Serv Res Unit Dept Publ Hlth & Policy London WC1 7HT England

This paper begins with a discussion of the definition of an outbreak. It considers the portion of outbreaks in the general pattern of food-borne infectious disease. The methods used to identify outbreaks are described and the importance of the potential benefits and the economic impact of outbreak recognition and control and are discussed. The paper concludes by illustrating the economic impact of intervention using three infectious diseases botulism, Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157 as case studies of outbreaks.

关键词：成本及成本分析疾病报告疾病暴发流行/经济学疾病暴发流行/预防和控制食物传播疾病/诊断食物传播疾病/经济学食物传播疾病/流行病学人类

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A summary of reported foodborne disease incidents in Sweden, 1992 to 1997

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第10期63卷 1315-1320页

作者： Lindqvist, R Andersson, Y de Jong, B Norberg, P Natl Food Adm S-75126 Uppsala Sweden Swedish Inst Infect Dis Dept Epidemiol SE-17182 Solna Sweden

Reports of foodborne disease incidents in Sweden from 1992 to 1997 are summarized. The results are based on reports from the municipal environmental and public health authorities to the National Food Administration and from medical authorities to the Swedish Institute for Infectious Diseases Control. A total of 555 incidents, of which 84% were outbreaks, were reported, involving 11,076 ill people. In 66% of the incidents, no disease agent was determined. Bacterial agents were implicated in 25% and viruses in 8% of the incidents. Calicivirus was the most reported agent both in terms of incidents and cases. Mixed dishes was the food category most often implicated in outbreaks, and smorgasbord and casserole or stews were the subcategories that caused the most cases. The place of consumption was unknown in 8% of the incidents. In about 60% of the incidents, the implicated food was consumed in commercial food establishments;in approximately 20% of incidents, it was consumed at home. The average annual incidence of reported foodborne disease in Sweden was estimated to be 21 cases per 100,000. The average annual incidence of reported foodborne salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis was estimated to be 2.0 and 0.6 cases per 100,000, respectively. The awareness and motivation to report foodborne diseases need to be improved, but additional sources of information are needed to counteract some of the limitations of reporting discussed in this work.

关键词：嵌杯病毒科/分离和提纯嵌杯病毒科感染/流行病学弯曲杆菌感染/流行病学疾病暴发流行/预防和控制疾病暴发流行/统计学和数值数据食品污染/统计学和数值数据食品微生物学食物传播疾病/流行病学食物传播疾病/微生物学发病率沙门菌食物中毒/流行病学瑞典/流行病学人类

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A method of assessing the efficacy of hand sanitizers: Use of real soil encountered in the food service industry

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第4期63卷 495-501页

作者： Charbonneau, DL Ponte, JM Kochanowski, BA Procter & Gamble Co Cincinnati OH 45202 USA

In many outbreaks of foodborne illness, the food worker has been implicated as the source of the infection. To decrease the likelihood of cross-contamination, food workers must clean and disinfect their hands frequently. To ensure their effectiveness, hand disinfectants should be tested using rigorous conditions that mimic normal use. Currently, several different methods are used to assess the efficacy of hand disinfectants. However, most of these methods were designed with the health care worker in mind and do not model the specific contamination situations encountered by the food worker. To fill this void, we developed a model that uses soil from fresh meat and a means of quantifying bacteria that is encountered and transferred during food preparation activities. Results of studies using various doses of para-chloro-meta-xylenol and triclosan confirm that the method is reproducible and predictable in measuring the efficacy of sanitizers. Consistent, dose-dependent results were obtained with relatively few subjects. Other studies showed that washing hands with a mild soap and water for 20 s was more effective than applying a 70% alcohol hand sanitizer.

关键词：鸡疾病暴发流行消毒药(剂)/药理学食品微生物学食品加工工业食物传播疾病/流行病学肉制品/微生物学三氯生/药理学二甲苯类/药理学动物牛人类

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Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from foodborne illness outbreaks during 1992 through 1995 in Taiwan

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第7期63卷 900-906页

作者： Wong, HC Liu, SH Ku, LW Lee, IY Wang, TK Lee, YS Lee, CL Kuo, LP Shih, DYC Soochow Univ Dept Microbiol Taipei 111 Taiwan Ctr Dis Control Bacteriol Div Taipei 115 Taiwan Natl Labs Food & Drug Food Microbiol Div Taipei 115 Taiwan

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important foodborne pathogen in Taiwan and many other Asian countries. A total of 371 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus collected from patients involved in foodborne illness outbreaks in Taiwan from 1992 to 1995 were characterized. These isolates had typical biochemical characteristics and only 4% were urease positive. The most frequently isolated serovars were O5:K15 (18.5%), O4:K8 (16.2%), O3:K29 (12.5%), O1:K56 (8.3%), O2:K3 (6.5%), and O4: K12 (6.0%). Most of the isolates were susceptible to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, tobramycin, cephalothin, and gentamicin. About 10% of the isolates were resistant to seven or more antibiotics. Approximately 92.4% of these V. parahaemolyticus showed beta-hemolysis on Wagatsuma blood agar plate and approximately 62.1% of these isolates exhibited detectable amounts of thermostable direct hemolysin. Most of the isolates examined exhibited two copies of tdh genes on the 1.3- and 2.5-kb HindIII-digested chromosome fragments with several variations on other fragments. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subspecies typing scheme was used to analyze these domestic isolates and the O3:K6 strains from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Fifty seven patterns were differentiated with A, B, C, E, and H being the major domestic types (cumulatively 76% of isolates), while O3:K6 strains (PFGE type I), abruptly occurring since 1996, were genetically distant from the major domestic types.

关键词：印迹法 DNA DNA 细菌/分析疾病暴发流行抗药性微生物电泳凝胶脉冲场/方法食物传播疾病/流行病学食物传播疾病/微生物学微生物敏感性试验血清分型/方法台湾/流行病学弧菌感染/流行病学弧菌感染/微生物学副溶血性弧菌/分类副溶血性弧菌/药物作用副溶血性弧菌/遗传学副溶血性弧菌/分离和提纯动物

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Control of bacterial spores

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BRITISH MEDICAL BULLETIN 2000年第1期56卷 158-171页

作者： Brown, KL Campden & Chorleywood Food Res Assoc Dept Food Hyg Chipping Campden GL55 6LD Glos England

Bacterial spores are much more resistant than their vegetative counterparts. The most dangerous spore-former is Clostridium botulinum which produces a potent neurotoxin that can prove fatal. The most common food poisoning from a spore-former is caused by C. perfringens. Other food poisoning spore-formers include Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis and B. licheniformis. There are a number of non-pathogenic spore-formers including butyric and thermophilic anaerobes that cause significant economic losses to food producers. Some unusual spoilage complaints have been reported, for example, B. sporothermodurans in UHT milk, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in apple and orange juice and Desulfotomaculum nigrificans in hot vending machines. Control of spore-formers requires an understanding of both the resistance and outgrowth characteristics of the spores.

关键词：细菌感染/流行病学细菌感染/预防和控制肉毒中毒/流行病学肉毒中毒/预防和控制肉毒梭菌/生理学产气荚膜梭菌/生理学疾病暴发流行食品微生物学食物传播疾病/流行病学食物传播疾病/预防和控制孢子细菌人类

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1起宋内志贺菌食源性疾病爆发的调查

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中国校医 2015年第9期29卷 675-677页

作者：梁家习林桢凌桂岩夏都烈巴马瑶族自治县疾病预防控制中心广西巴马547500

目的对广西巴马县某幼儿园72名幼儿出现食源性疾患的原因进行调查分析,为及时有效控制疫情提供依据。方法对疫情现场及时进行流行病学调查和所收集样品进行实验室检测。结果通过对幼儿园疫情流行病学调查、患儿临床症状及所收集样品的... 详细信息

目的对广西巴马县某幼儿园72名幼儿出现食源性疾患的原因进行调查分析,为及时有效控制疫情提供依据。方法对疫情现场及时进行流行病学调查和所收集样品进行实验室检测。结果通过对幼儿园疫情流行病学调查、患儿临床症状及所收集样品的实验室检测情况综合分析,认定该事件为1起宋内志贺菌污染食物引起的食源性疾病暴发疫情。结论幼儿由于食用了被宋内志贺菌污染的食物是引起本次食源性疾病疫情的主要原因,因此,应加强该园食堂卫生条件管理,避免类似事件发生。

关键词：食物传播疾病/流行病学志贺菌,宋氏疾病爆发流行学校,幼儿

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25起肉毒梭菌食物中毒的流行病学及临床分析

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中华预防医学杂志 1983年第4期17卷 195-197页

作者：刘宏道高庆仪姚景惠吴季高熊春娥龙再秀夏宏器中国医学科学院卫生研究所新疆塔城地区卫生防疫站新疆石河子医学院附属医院

肉毒中毒是我国常见的食物中毒之一,据不完全统计,已有15个省、区有肉毒梭菌食物中毒发生,新疆地区发病率尤高。为了更进一步了解我国肉毒中毒的流行病学及临床特点,为其防治工作提供科学依据,近年来,我们在

关键词：肉毒中毒/流行病学食物传播疾病/流行病学

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