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Effect of elcatonin on osteoinduction by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2000年第2期269卷 317-321页

作者： Okubo, Y Bessho, K Fujimura, K Kusumoto, K Ogawa, Y Iizuka, T Kyoto Univ Grad Sch Med Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Sakyo Ku Kyoto 6068507 Japan Kansai Med Univ Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg Moriguchi Osaka 5708507 Japan

To evaluate the effect of elcatonin on osteoinduction by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), 5 mu g of rhBMP-2 was implanted into intramuscular sites of rats. For 14 days after the implantation, elcatonin was administered intraperitoneally with total dosage of 80 U, 8 U, and 0.8 U, respectively. For the control group, only physiological saline was administered. At 21 days after implantation, the area of the oval shadow in the radiologic findings depended on the elcatonin dose and the amount of trabecular bone and the number of osteoblasts observed in the histologic findings depended on the dosage of elcatonin, The values of ALP activity and Ca content also showed an elcatonin dose dependency. These results suggested that elcatonin is effective in enhancing osteoinduction by rhBMP-2 within the dose range of this study, and that elcatonin has an anabolic effect on osteoblasts in addition to an antiresorptive effect. (C) 2000 Academic Press.

关键词：碱性磷酸酶/代谢骨形态发生蛋白质类/药理学骨重建/药物作用骨和骨组织/解剖学和组织学骨和骨组织/酶学骨和骨组织/代谢骨和骨组织/放射摄影术降钙素/类似物和衍生物降钙素/药理学钙/代谢大鼠 Wistar 重组蛋白质类/药理学动物人类男(雄)性大鼠

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BONE-MINERAL MEASUREMENT - SKYLAB EXPERIMENT M-078

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ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 1975年第1-2期2卷 129-139页

作者： VOGEL, JM UNIV CALIF SCH MEDDEPT RADIOLNUCL MED SECTDAVISCA 95616

The observation that bone mineral is lost in patients who are either immobilized or remain in bed for extended periods of time formed the basis for the concern that large amounts of bone mineral may be lost during long periods of weightlessness. This concern was magnified when early X-ray densitometry studies suggested that rather large amounts of mineral could be lost during rather short periods of weightlessness (4-14 days). Even though these Gemini results have recently been modified, they still reflect substantial losses in the upper extremity. This led to a series of prolonged bed-rest studies (30-36 weeks) which, in addition to careful calcium balance, also employed a newer, more precise method of estimating bone mineral in the radius, ulna, and os calcis. It employed an essentially monoenergetic photon source (125I) and a scintillation detector operating in a rectilinear scanning mode to measure bone mineral by the absorptiometric technique. Bed-rest studies revealed variable mineral losses but suggested that little if any is lost during 4-6 weeks, with variable amounts being lost in 8 weeks. Losses up to 40% were noted in the os calcis after 9 months, with essentially none in the radius and ulna. When this technique was employed during the Apollo 14, 15, and 16 missions, only one crewman (CMP Apollo 15) showed significant losses in the os calcis and none in the radius or ulna. These results were, therefore, in concert with the bed-rest data but at variance with the earlier Gemini data. The variability observed during bed rest was reconciled when it was observed that the rate of loss could be correlated with the initial 24-hour urinary hydroxyproline excretion and the initial os calcis mineral content. Prediction terms were established. Measurements of the SL-II crew after 28 days of weightlessness revealed no significant bone mineral losses. The Skylab data lie within the predicted limits obtained from the bed-rest data. The relevance of the prediction terms

关键词：吸收测定法光子/方法航天医学卧床休息骨密度/生理学骨和骨组织/代谢骨和骨组织/生理学骨和骨组织/放射摄影术钙/代谢跟/生理学跟/放射摄影术羟脯氨酸/代谢羟脯氨酸/尿桡骨/代谢桡骨/生理学桡骨/放射摄影术宇宙飞行时间因素尺骨/代谢尺骨/生理学尺骨/放射摄影术失重失重模拟人类男(雄)性

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An ethyl-nitrosourea-induced point mutation in Phex causes exon skipping, X-linked hypophosphatemia, and rickets

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2002年第5期161卷 1925-1933页

作者： Carpinelli, MR Wicks, IP Sims, NA O'Donnell, K Hanzinikolas, K Burt, R Foote, SJ Bahlo, M Alexander, WS Hilton, DJ PO Royal Melbourne Hosp Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res Parkville Vic 3050 Australia Cooperat Res Ctr Cellular Growth Factors Fitzroy Vic Australia Cooperat Res Ctr Discovery Genes Common Human Dis Fitzroy Vic Australia St Vincents Inst Med Res Fitzroy Vic 3065 Australia

We describe the clinical, genetic, biochemical, and molecular characterization of a mouse that arose in the first generation (G,) of a random mutagenesis screen with the chemical mutagen ethyl-nitrosourea. The mouse was observed to have skeletal abnormalities inherited with an X-linked dominant pattern of inheritance. The causative mutation, named Skeletal abnormality 1 (Ska1), was shown to be a single base pair mutation in a splice donor site immediately following exon 8 of the Phex (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases located on the X-chromosome) gene. This point mutation caused skipping of exon 8 from Phex mRNA, hypophosphatemia, and features of rickets. This experimentally induced phenotype mirrors the human condition X-linked hypophosphatemia;directly confirms the role of Phex in phosphate homeostasis, normal skeletal development, and rickets;and illustrates the power of mutagenesis in exploring animal models of human disease.

关键词：等位基因碱基序列骨和骨组织/病理学骨和骨组织/放射摄影术乙基亚硝脲外显子遗传性疾病 X连锁/化学诱导遗传性疾病 X连锁/诊断遗传性疾病 X连锁/遗传学低磷血症/化学诱导低磷血症/诊断低磷血症/遗传学小鼠近交C57BL 诱变剂 PHEX磷酸调节中性肽链内切酶点突变蛋白质类/遗传学蛋白质类/代谢 RNA剪接 RNA 信使/代谢佝偻病/化学诱导佝偻病/诊断佝偻病/遗传学动物女(雌)性男(雄)性小鼠

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Quantitative ultrasound or clinical risk factors - which best identifies women at risk of osteoporosis?

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2000年第866期73卷 165-171页

作者： Stewart, A Reid, DM Univ Aberdeen Dept Med & Therapeut Osteoporosis Res Unit Aberdeen Scotland

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the current technique of choice to assess risk of future fracture and to diagnose osteoporosis as defined by bone mineral density (BMD). Guidelines for bone densitometry referral have been published listing clinical risk factors that might be considered grounds for assessment. However, these factors are known to be poorly predictive of subsequent BMD measurement and, accordingly, new inexpensive methods of selecting subjects for assessment should be sought. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of bone may be such a technique. Women (n=250) considered by their general practitioners to be at risk of osteoporosis and who had been referred for DXA measurements of the spine and hip were recruited into the study. All underwent a QUS scan of the heel using a McCue CUBA Clinical machine, which measures broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and velocity of sound (VOS), a clinical risk factor questionnaire, and spine and hip BMD measurement by a Norland XR-26 bone densitometer. Patients were categorized according to published diagnostic criteria for BMD, and these were also applied to the QUS parameters. Risk factors were arbitrarily categorized into "low", "medium" and "high" risk groups. Kappa scores were calculated to analyse the agreement between different techniques. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were undertaken to demonstrate the technique with the best sensitivity and specificity for the detection of low BMD at the spine and hip. Analysis of the bone mass data demonstrated only moderate agreement (kappa 0.33) between femoral neck and spine BMD with femoral neck BMD and BUA showing a very similar level of agreement (kappa 0.31). ROC analysis demonstrated that VOS followed by BUA was the best predictor of low BMD, with risk factors alone being significantly poorer;QUS parameters are better predictors than clinical risk factors for women with low BMD and could be used effectively at the primary care level to indicate t

关键词：骨密度骨和骨组织/放射摄影术骨和骨组织/超声检查骨质疏松绝经后/病因学骨质疏松绝经后/放射摄影术骨质疏松绝经后/超声检查试验预期值 ROC曲线危险因素敏感性与特异性成年人老年人女(雌)性人类中年人

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RADIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF BCG-OSTEOMYELITIS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

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ACTA RADIOLOGICA-DIAGNOSIS 1976年第6期17卷 845-855页

作者： MORTENSSON, W EKLOF, O JORULF, H UNIV LUND HOSP DEPT DIAGNOST RADIOLS-22185 LUNDSWEDEN KAROLINSKA HOSP DEPT PAEDIAT RADIOLS-10401 STOCKHOLMSWEDEN AKAD UPPSALA SJUKHUSET DEPT DIAGNOST RADIOLS-75014 UPPSALASWEDEN

An account is given of results of the radiologic examination of 29 infants and children with bone tuberculosis caused by the Bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as a complication to intradermal vaccination. The diagnosis is based on radiologic appearances, microscopy and bacteriologic examination of specimens obtained from the bone lesions. The radiologic appearance of the bone lesions is in most cases characteristic and differs decisively from that of pyogenic osteomyelitis and malignant disease.

关键词：骨和骨组织/放射摄影术结核骨关节/病因学结核骨关节/放射摄影术儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿男(雄)性

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Bone density and metabolism in patients with viral hepatitis and cholestatic liver diseases before and after liver transplantation

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2000年第9期95卷 2343-2351页

作者： Trautwein, C Possienke, M Schlitt, HJ Böker, KHW Horn, R Raab, R Manns, MP Brabant, G Med Hsch Hannover Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol D-30625 Hannover Germany Med Hsch Hannover Dept Endocrinol D-30625 Hannover Germany Med Hsch Hannover Dept Surg D-30625 Hannover Germany

OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is frequently found in patients with cholestatic liver disease (primary biliary cirrhosis/primary sclerosing cholangitis) and chronic viral hepatitis. There is limited information about the long-term effect of liver transplantation (OLT) on bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of liver transplantation on bone metabolism in patients with cholestatic and viral liver diseases. METHODS:We randomly recruited 193 patients with chronic viral hepatitis or cholestatic liver diseases.:Bone density (Z-score) and markers of bone metabolism (intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH], PTH 70-84, osteocalcin, procollagen, telopeptide, and vitamin D) were determined before and at time points (< and > 24 months) post-OLT. RESULTS: Before OLT,bone density (Z-score) was decreased in patients with cholestatic (-1) and viral (-0.4) liver diseases. In both groups bone density continued to decrease in the periods up to and more than 24 months after OLT. In the cholestatic group, bone density decreased significantly compared to pre-OLT (p < 0.05) and to the viral hepatitis group (p < 0,001). Markers of bone metabolism showed that after OLT, bone metabolism was enhanced and shifted versus bone resorption. Immunosuppressive drug therapy (glucocorticoids, cyclosporin, FK 506) directly correlated with increased bone metabolism post-OLT. CONCLUSIONS: Bone loss is a long-term problem after OLT, particularly in patients with cholestatic liver diseases. Drug therapy is a main factor of bone loss. Pre- and post-OLT therapy to reduce bone loss is recommended. (Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:2343-2351. (C) 2000 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology).

关键词：生物学标记骨密度/药物作用骨密度/生理学骨和骨组织/代谢骨和骨组织/放射摄影术钙/血液胆汁淤积/代谢胆汁淤积/外科学慢性病移植物排斥/预防和控制肝炎病毒性人/代谢肝炎病毒性人/外科学免疫抑制剂/治疗应用肝移植甲状旁腺素/血液磷酸盐类/血液预后前瞻性研究体层摄影术 X线计算机转氨酶类/血液成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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QUANTITATIVE RADIOLOGY - RADIOGRAMMETRY OF CORTICAL BONE

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 1976年第587期49卷 912-920页

作者： DEQUEKER, J ACAD HOSP LEUVEN RHEUMATOL UNIT LEUVEN BELGIUM ACAD HOSP PELLENBERG RHEUMATOL UNIT PELLENBERG BELGIUM

There is a large variability in amount of bone [2nd metacarpal] within 1 age and sex group which is partly due to skeletal size differences. The relative indices which were introduced to correct skeletal size differences, are insufficient since skeletal size differences still exist. The variability is reduced when the data are divided into strata of skeletal size. Since cortical area shows the best correlation with outer diameter within each age group and since cortical area represents best the ash content of the bones, the values of this index are most suited to be grouped according to outer diameter. In differentiating pathological from physiological bone loss, this procedure is an improvement on the previously published indices of amount of bone. When comparing different populations, this method has advantages since skeletal size differences are eliminated. Comparing 7 populations it was found that populations living in the USA have more bone for a given skeletal size than populations in Europe or Nigeria. Bone loss with age is a general phenomenon but differences in rate of loss are observed between the sexes and between ethnic different populations. The decrease of bone mass is faster after the age of 50 yr in woman than in men. Blacks living in the USA loose bone with age than whites. Radiogrammetry of cortical bone in groups gives useful information on bone remodelling during aging and in pathological conditions. At an individual level, it is difficult to evaluate changes on a short term basis with radiogrammetry. Radiogrammetry of cortical bone is a simple and reproducible method which measures bone mass indirectly. Changes in cortical width show a high degree of correlation with the changes in mass of cortical bones but trabecular bone is not measured. This is a serious handicap, since most of the metabolic diseases of the skeleton affect trabecular bone to a greater extent than cortical.

关键词：衰老人体测量术骨疾病/放射摄影术骨质吸收骨和骨组织/解剖学和组织学骨和骨组织/放射摄影术大陆人口群手掌/放射摄影术性别因素青少年成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Effects of titanium prosthesis, offset and size of field of view on bone mineral density measurements using quantitative computed tomography

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2000年第869期73卷 498-503页

作者： Feng, Z Ziv, I Rho, J Han, S Fishkin, Z SUNY Buffalo Dept Orthopaed Surg Buffalo NY 14260 USA Univ Memphis Dept Biomed Engn Memphis TN 38152 USA

To estimate the accuracy of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) as a method to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the vicinity of a titanium prosthesis, we investigated the effects of (1) titanium prosthesis, (2) offset of the longitudinal axis of the bone to be examined from that of the gantry of the CT scanner, (3) size of the field of view (FOV) and (4) the combination of these effects on CT based measurements of mineral density of cortical and cancellous bone specimens. 14 bovine cortical bone parallelepipeds and 14 bovine cancellous bone parallelepipeds were used in this investigation. The bone specimens were scanned with and without a titanium prosthesis, when centered in the gentry of the CT scanner and offset from the axis of the gantry of the CT scanner at a distance of 14 cm. Image data were then reconstructed separately with a FOV of 10 cm and 30 cm. All BMD values taken from CT images obtained under different scanning condition were compared with the BMD values of the corresponding bone parallelepiped obtained under standard condition (centered in the gantry of the CT scanner, 10 cm FOV, without titanium prosthesis). When centered in the gantry of the CT scanner, the mean relative difference of BMD measurements caused by the presence of the titanium prosthesis was less than 1% for both cortical bone and cancellous bone. Size of the FOV had a negligible effect on BMD measurements. Offset at 14 cm, however, caused a significant difference in BMD measurements (p<0.001). It was concluded that titanium prosthesis did not interfere with BMD measurements of cortical and cancellous bone when both the specimen and prosthesis were centered in the gantry of the CT scanner;However, the effect on BMD measurements of offset at 14 cm combined with the presence of a titanium prosthesis in bone was significant.

关键词：骨密度骨和骨组织/生理学骨和骨组织/放射摄影术图像处理计算机辅助/标准假体和植入物可重复性结果钛体层摄影术 X线计算机/方法动物牛

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First symptom of multifocal skeletal tuberculosis in children

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2000年第5期38卷 572-573页

作者： Hata, T Hosoda, M Kawasaki Med Sch Dept Oral Surg Kurashiki Okayama 7010192 Japan

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Developmental coxa vara associated with spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (DCV/SMD): "SMD-corner fracture type" (DCV/SMD-CF) demonstrated in most reported cases

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PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY 2000年第1期30卷 14-24页

作者： Currarino, G Birch, JG Herring, JA Texas Scottish Rite Hosp Children Dept Radiol Dallas TX 75219 USA Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dept Radiol Dallas TX 75235 USA Texas Scottish Rite Hosp Children Dept Orthoped Surg Dallas TX 75219 USA

Background. This paper reports three children with short stature: developmental coxa vara unilateral in the first case and bilateral in the other two;somewhat squared and '"ovoid" vertebral bodies in the first patient, and normal to slightly tall vertebral bodies in the third;metaphyseal changes in some long tubular bones including bone fragments similar to the corner fractures seen in child abuse in all three patients. Materials and methods. The first and second patients were sisters;their mother, also quite short, had surgical procedures in early life for bilateral "coxa vara";their brother, also of short: stature, had bilateral coxa valga with otherwise normal femoral beads and necks, and mild metaphyseal changes associated with two minute ''corner fractures" in the proximal metaphysis of the left tibia. Results. A review of reported cases of developmental coxa vara associated with spondylometaphyseal dysplasia revealed that simulated corner fractures were present in most instances.

关键词：骨和骨组织/放射摄影术生长障碍/并发症生长障碍/放射摄影术髋关节/畸形髋关节/放射摄影术骨软骨发育不良/并发症骨软骨发育不良/遗传学骨软骨发育不良/放射摄影术脊柱/放射摄影术胫骨骨折/并发症胫骨骨折/放射摄影术儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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