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Row-Column-Based Coherence Imaging Using a 2-d array transducer: A Row-Based Implementation

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS ANd FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020年第11期67卷 2303-2311页

作者： Fatemi, Ali Masoy, Svein-Erik Rodriguez-Molares, Alfonso Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Circulat & Med Imaging N-7491 Trondheim Norway

Reverberations from tissues around the heart often result in cluttered echocardiograms with reduced diagnostic value. As a consequence, some patients must undergo more expensive and, in some cases, invasive imaging modalities. Coherence-based beamforming can suppress the effect of incoherent reverberations compared with the coherent signal. In some cases, these incoherent reverberations are received by only a part of the aperture. However, the coherence-based techniques, when used on a 1-d array transducer, do not take this into account. We propose an extension of coherence imaging method when using a 2-d array transducer and test a row-based implementation of this extension on two in vitro scenarios and four in vivo cases. The results show that the proposed method improves the lateral resolution compared with the (already improved) resolution with conventional coherence imaging. Furthermore, it gives up to 28% increase in generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR) (improved detection probability) when incoherent reverberations are partly received by the transducer in the elevation direction.

关键词： Coherence transducers Apertures Imaging Clutter Acoustics Two dimensional displays 2-d array transducer adaptive beamforming clutter coherence factor (CF) echocardiography specular reflection

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A preliminary evaluation work on a 3-d ultrasound imaging system for 2-d array transducer

A preliminary evaluation work on a 3-D ultrasound imaging sy...

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Conference on Medical Imaging - Ultrasonic Imaging and Tomography

作者： Zhong, Xiaoli Li, Xu Yang, Jiali Li, Chunyu Song, Junjie ding, Mingyue Ming Yuchi Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Key Lab Image Proc & Intelligence Control Sch Life Sci & Technol Dept Biomed EngnMinist Educ Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510600256

This paper presents a preliminary evaluation work on a pre-designed 3-d ultrasound imaging system. The system mainly consists of four parts, a 7.5MHz, 24x24 2-d array transducer, the transmit/receive circuit, power supply, data acquisition and real-time imaging module. The row-column addressing scheme is adopted for the transducer fabrication, which greatly reduces the number of active channels. The element area of the transduceris 4.6mm by 4.6mm, Four kinds of tests were carried out to evaluate the imaging performance, including the penetration depth range, axial and lateral resolution, positioning accuracy and 3-d imaging frame rate. Several strong reflection metal objects, fixed in a water tank, were selected for the purpose of imaging due to a low signal-to-noise ratio of the transducer. The distance between the transducer and the tested objects, the thickness of aluminum, and the seam width of the aluminum sheet were measured by a calibrated micrometer to evaluate the penetration depth, the axial and lateral resolution, respectively. The experimental results showed that the imaging penetration depth range was from 1.0cm to 6.2cm, the axial and lateral resolution were 0.32mm and 1.37mm respectively, the imaging speed was up to 27 frames per second and the positioning accuracy was 9.2%.

关键词： 3-d ultrasound imaging system 2-d array transducer performance evaluation

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Preliminary work of real-time ultrasound imaging system for 2-d array transducer

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BIO-MEdICAL MATERIALS ANd ENGINEERING 2015年第Sup1期26卷 S1579-S1585页

作者： Li, Xu Yang, Jiali ding, Mingyue Yuchi, Ming Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Educ Minist China Sch Life Sci & Technol Image Proc & Intelligence Control Key LabDept Bi Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Wuhan Natl Lab Optoelect Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

Ultrasound (US) has emerged as a non-invasive imaging modality that can provide anatomical structure information in real time. To enable the experimental analysis of new 2-d array ultrasound beamforming methods, a pre-beamformed parallel raw data acquisition system was developed for 3-d data capture of 2d array transducer. The transducer interconnection adopted the row-column addressing (RCA) scheme, where the columns and rows were active in sequential for transmit and receive events, respectively. The dAQ system captured the raw data in parallel and the digitized data were fed through the field programmable gate array (FPGA) to implement the pre-beamforming. Finally, 3-d images were reconstructed through the devised platform in real-time.

关键词： 2-d array transducer 3-d imaging system row-column scheme real-time

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Co-Integrated PIN-PMN-PT 2-d array and Transceiver Electronics by direct Assembly Using a 3-d Printed Interposer Grid Frame

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS ANd FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020年第2期67卷 387-401页

作者： Wodnicki, Robert Kang, Haochen Chen, Ruimin Cabrera-Munoz, Nestor E. Jung, Hayong Jiang, Laiming Foiret, Josquin Liu, Yu Chiu, Victoria Stephens, douglas N. Zhou, Qifa Ferrara, Katherine W. Univ Southern Calif Dept Biomed Engn Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ Southern Calif Dept Ophthalmol Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Provisio Med Dept Res & Dev San Diego CA 92127 USA Stanford Univ Mol Imaging Program Stanford CA 94305 USA Univ Calif Davis Dept Biomed Engn Davis CA 95616 USA Apple Inc Cupertino CA 95014 USA

Tiled modular 2-d ultrasound arrays have the potential for realizing large apertures for novel diagnostic applications. This work presents an architecture for fabrication of tileable 2-d array modules implemented using 1-3 composites of high-bandwidth (BW) PIN-PMN-PT single-crystal piezoelectric material closely coupled with high-voltage CMOS application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) electronics for buffering and multiplexing functions. The module, which is designed to be operated as a $\lambda $ -pitch 1.75-d array, benefits from an improved electromechanical coupling coefficient and increased Curie temperature and is assembled directly on top of the ASIC silicon substrate using an interposer backing. The interposer consists of a novel 3-d printed acrylic frame that is filled with conducting and acoustically absorbing silver epoxy material. The ASIC comprises a high-voltage switching matrix with locally integrated buffering and is interfaced to a Verasonics Vantage 128, using a local field programmable gate array (FPGA) controller. Multiple prototype $5 \times 6$ element array modules have been fabricated by this process. The combined acoustic array and ASIC module was configured electronically by programming the switches to operate as a 1-d array with elements grouped in elevation for imaging and pulse-echo testing. The resulting array configuration had an average center frequency of 4.55 MHz, azimuthal element pitch of $340 similar to\mu \text{m}$ , and exhibited average -20-dB pulsewidth of 592 ns and average -6-dB fractional BW of 77%.

关键词： 2-d array transducer application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) PIN-PMN-PT tileable array module Verasonics Vantage research ultrasound system

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Feasibility and Validation of 4-d Pulse Wave Imaging in Phantoms and In Vivo

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS ANd FREQUENCY CONTROL 2017年第9期64卷 1305-1317页

作者： Apostolakis, Iason-Zacharias Nauleau, Pierre Papadacci, Clement McGarry, Matthew d. Konofagou, Elisa E. Columbia Univ Dept Biomed Engn New York NY 10027 USA Dartmouth Coll Thayer Sch Engn Hanover NH 03755 USA Columbia Univ Dept Radiol New York NY 10027 USA

Pulse wave imaging (PWI) is a noninvasive technique for tracking the propagation of the pulse wave along the arterial wall. The 3-d ultrasound imaging would aid in objectively estimating the pulse wave velocity (PWV) vector. This paper aims to introduce a novel PWV estimation method along the propagation direction, validate it in phantoms, and test its feasibility in vivo. A silicone vessel phantom consisting of a stiff and a soft segment along the longitudinal axis and a silicone vessel with a plaque were constructed. A 2-d array with a center frequency of 2.5 MHz was used. Propagation was successfully visualized in 3-d in each phantom and in vivo in six healthy subjects. In three of the healthy subjects, results were compared against conventional PWI using a linear array. PWVs were estimated in the stiff (3.42 +/- 0.23 m.s(-1)) and soft (2.41 +/- 0.07 m.s(-1)) phantom segments. Good agreement was found with the corresponding static testing values (stiff: 3.41 m.s(-1) and soft: 2.48 m.s(-1)). PWI-derived vessel compliance values were validated with dynamic testing. Comprehensive views of pulse propagation in the plaque phantom were generated and compared against conventional PWI acquisitions. Good agreement was found in vivo between the results of 4-d PWI (4.80 +/- 1.32 m.s(-1)) and conventional PWI (4.28 +/- 1.20 m.s(-1)) (n = 3). PWVs derived for all of the healthy subjects (n = 6) were within the physiological range. Thus, the 4-d PWI was successfully validated in phantoms and used to image the pulse wave propagation in normal human subjects in vivo.

关键词： 2-d array transducer 3-d plane wave imaging 3-d ultrasound imaging 4-d pulse wave imaging high frame rate ultrasound imaging pulse wave imaging pulse wave velocity

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A Preliminary work on Pre-Beamformed data Acquisition System for Ultrasound Imaging with 2-d Tranducer

A Preliminary work on Pre-Beamformed Data Acquisition System...

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Conference on Medical Imaging - Ultrasonic Imaging and Tomography

作者： Li, Xu Song, Junjie Wu, Qiong Zhu, Benpeng Jiang, Shenglin ding, Mingyue Ming Yuchi Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Life Sci & Technol Dept Biomed Egineering Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Optic & Elect Informat Dept Microelect & Solid State Elect Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China Minist Educ Key Lab Image Proc & Intelligent Control Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819498335

This paper present a preliminary work on a pre-beamformed data acquisition ultrasound imaging system for a 3-MHz, 32x32 2-d array tranducer. The row-column addressing scheme is adopted for the transducer fabrication. This scheme provides a simple interconnection, consisting of one top and one bottom single-layer flex circuits. The designed system can acquire pre-beamformed data with 12-bit resolution at 40-MHz sampling rate. The digitized data of all channels are first fed through FPGAs to deserialize and stored in a 4GB RAM buffer. The acquired data can be transferred through a 1000 Mbps Ethernet link to a computer for off-line processing and analysis. The system design is based on high-level commercial integrated circuits to obtain the maximum flexibility and minimum system complexity. Partial beam summation have been performed to help finish the 3-d B-mode volumetric imaging.

关键词： ultrasound imaging system 2-d array transducer row-column addressing off-line processing

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HYBRId BEAMFORMATION FOR VOLUMETRIC ULTRASOUNd IMAGING SCANNERS USING 2-d array transducerS

HYBRID BEAMFORMATION FOR VOLUMETRIC ULTRASOUND IMAGING SCANN...

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19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Kim, Bae-Hyung Lee, Seungheun Kim, Youngil Cho, Kyungil Kim, dongwook Song, Jongkeun Samsung Elect Co Samsung Adv Inst Technol Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781467325332;9781467325349

In real-time 3-d ultrasound imaging using 2-d array transducers, manipulating massive ultrasound data acquired from a large number of system channels is a challenge as is interconnecting hundreds or thousands of elements of 2-d array with the imaging system's front-end electronics. Minimizing the number of transmitting and receiving elements and the firing events without degrading the spatial resolution is one of the solutions to reduce the overall system complexity and improve the frame rate. This paper introduces a new hybrid beamformation method for a medical image system. We also present an efficient 2-d array scanning method for miniaturized volumetric ultrasound imaging scanners. To evaluate our works, computer simulations are performed. From the simulation results, we have shown that the proposed hybrid beamforming method can provide comparable image quality to fully-sampled array beamformation, and the proposed method may be feasible for miniaturized real-time volumetric ultrasound scanners.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging Hybrid beamforming 2-d array transducer Ultrasound scanner Phased array system

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RING array transducerS FOR REAL-TIME 3-d IMAGING OF AN ATRIAL SEPTAL OCCLUdER

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ULTRASOUNd IN MEdICINE ANd BIOLOGY 2012年第8期38卷 1483-1487页

作者： Light, Edward d. Lindsey, Brooks d. Upchurch, Joseph A. Smith, Stephen W. Duke Univ Dept Biomed Engn Durham NC 27708 USA

We developed new miniature ring array transducers integrated into interventional device catheters such as used to deploy atrial septal occluders. Each ring array consisted of 55 elements operating near 5 MHz with interelement spacing of 0.20 mm. It was constructed on a flat piece of copper-clad polyimide and then wrapped around an 11 French O.d. catheter. We used a braided cabling technology from Tyco Electronics Corporation to connect the elements to the Volumetric Medical Imaging (VMI) real-time 3-d ultrasound scanner. transducer performance yielded a -6 dB fractional bandwidth of 20% centered at 4.7 MHz without a matching layer vs. average bandwidth of 60% centered at 4.4 MHz with a matching layer. Real-time 3-d rendered images of an en face view of a Gore Helex septal occluder in a water tank showed a finer texture of the device surface from the ring array with the matching layer. (E-mail: ssmith@***) (C) 2012 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.

关键词： 2-d array transducer Real-time 3-d imaging Septal occluder

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Real-time 3-d intracranial ultrasound with an endoscopic matrix array transducer

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ULTRASOUNd IN MEdICINE ANd BIOLOGY 2007年第8期33卷 1277-1284页

作者： Light, Edward d. Mukundan, Srinivasan Wolf, Patrick d. Smith, Stephen W. Duke Univ Dept Biomed Engn Durham NC 27708 USA Duke Univ Med Ctr Dept Radiol Durham NC 27710 USA

A transducer originally designed for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was adapted for real-time volumetric endoscopic imaging of the brain. The transducer consists of a 36 x 36 array with an interelement spacing of 0.18 mm. There are 504 transmitting and 252 receive channels placed in a regular pattern in the array. The operating frequency is 4.5 MHz with a -6 dB bandwidth of 30%. The transducer is fabricated on a 10-layer flexible circuit from Microconnex (Snoqualmie, WA, USA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical feasibility of real-time 3-d intracranial ultrasound with this device. The Volumetrics Medical Imaging (durham, NC, USA) 3-d scanner was used to obtain images in a canine model. A transcalvarial acoustic window,,vas created under general anesthesia in the animal laboratory by placing a 10-mm burr hole in the high parietal calvarium of a 50-kg canine subject. The burr-hole was placed in a left parasagittal location to avoid the sagittal sinus, and the transducer was placed against the intact dura mater for ultrasound imaging. Images of the lateral ventricles were produced, including real-time 3-d guidance of a needle puncture of one ventricle. In a second canine subject, contrast-enhanced 3-d doppler color flow images were made of the cerebral vessels including the complete Circle of Willis. Clinical applications may include real-time 3-d guidance of cerebrospinal fluid extraction from the lateral ventricles and bedside evaluation of critically ill patients where computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques are unavailable.

关键词： real-time 3-d imaging 2-d array transducer intraoperative guidance

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