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2d modeling of the Annealing Process After Ion Implantation in n-on-p HgCdTe

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2023年第4期52卷 2871-2877页

作者： Gan, Zhikai Zhao, Yu Lin, Chun Sun, Quanzhi Zhou, Songmin Wang, Xi Li, Xun Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Tech Phys Key Lab Infrared Imaging Mat & Detectors 500 Yutian Rd Shanghai 200083 Peoples R China

A 2d model for the annealing process after ion implantation in HgCdTe was established. The 2d model was based on the diffusion equations of Hg vacancy and interstitial. Generation and annihilation of the Hg vacancy and interstitial were considered. The coupled diffusion equations combined with the boundary equation were solved simultaneously. Annealing temperature and annealing time dependence experiments were carried out to determine the key parameter and prove the effectiveness of the 2d model. This work provides an efficient 2d model of the annealing process in n-on-p HgCdTe, which makes the junction design of HgCdTe less costly and more accurate and gives fundamental guidance to the fabrication of small-pitch focal planes.

关键词： HgCdTe annealing process 2d modeling ion implantation

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2d modeling and Analysis of Railway Track under Subjected Loads

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JORdAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 2016年第3期10卷 290-296页

作者： Atashafrazeh, Majid Shirmohammadi, Hamid Islamic Azad Univ Dept Civil Engn Transportat Ahar Branch Ahar Iran Urmia Univ Dept Civil Engn Transportat Orumiyeh Iran

In this paper, a model is developed for dynamic analysis of a train track with two degrees of freedom. The track length is assumed to be 100 m in order to reduce the bindery effects. A wheel defect is modeled as a corrugation on the rail surface for obtaining dynamic responses of the rail. Two vehicle masses are used containing a locomotive as an unsprung mass and a wheel as a sprung mass. Rail element is modeled as a beam with vertical displacements and end rotations. In this model, sleepers are assumed as lumped masses 60 cm apart from each other. All the components, including rails, sleepers, ballast layers and rail vehicles are connected by springs and damping elements. Analysis of the model is performed by numerical solution through solving differential equations representing the entire system. In all equations, relations between the elements are taken as finite elements. Finally, all responses, displacements, velocities and accelerations of all degrees of freedom are obtained.

关键词： 2d modeling differential equations Finite element Railway track displacement Velocity Acceleration

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2d modeling OF SILICON HETEROJUNCTION INTERdIGITATEd BACK CONTACT SOLAR CELLS

2D MODELING OF SILICON HETEROJUNCTION INTERDIGITATED BACK CO...

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35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

作者： Herasimenka, Stanislau Ghosh, Kunal Bowden, Stuart Honsberg, Christiana Arizona State Univ Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn Tempe AZ 85287 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424458912

Silicon Heterojunction Interdigitated Back Contact (SHJ-IBC) solar cells were studied by two dimensional modeling using Sentaurus TCAd tools. It was shown that low fill factor caused by the S-shape behavior of experimental J-V curves of standard interdigitated back contact cells can be recovered by making small openings in the intrinsic buffer layer. The small openings in the buffer layer also substantially reduce the influence of the relative dimensions of the silicon strips as when compared to cells with a continuous buffer layer.

关键词： 2d modeling Sentaurus TCAd tools elemental semiconductors intrinsic buffer layer semiconductor heterojunctions silicon heterojunction interdigitated back contact solar cells silicon strips solar cells

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Temporal variation of braided intensity and morphodynamic changes in a regulated braided river using 2d modeling and satellite images

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RIVER RESEARCH ANd APPLICATIONS 2024年第5期40卷 708-724页

作者： Balouchi, Behnam Ruether, Nils Schwarzwaelder, Kordula Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Civil & Environm Engn Trondheim Norway Tech Univ Munich Chair Hydraul Engn Munich Germany

The river morphology of a braided-type river is rather complex. High sediment transport rates and frequently changing discharges are the cause of dynamic planform evolution. Over the past few decades, scientific attention has been directed toward understanding the coexistence of alternating bars and the consequent emergence of confluences and divergences, all of which interact intricately with the process of bank erosion. It is still rather challenging to estimate or predict the total sediment transport rate in this type of river, especially by considering various hydrologic data and climate effects. This study is focused on the reach of the devoll River in Albania, located upstream of the Banja dam. Understanding the morphodynamics of this river reach holds significance due to the expanding delta upstream of the dam reservoir. The objectives of the two-dimensional depth-averaged approach of the present study are to investigate the temporal variation of braided intensity of devoll River and the effect of using a discharge hydrograph from hydrologic data compared to the regulated one from the upstream dam on the morphodynamics and sediment transport of the river. After evaluating various parameters such as 11 different sediment transport functions, the best results were reached for a cell size of 5 x 5 m2, Manning roughness coefficient of 0.03, Meyer-Peter and Muller's sediment function, Hayashi et al. (1980) hiding function, and Van Rijn bed roughness predictor in this study. In addition, the results of comparing satellite images and modeling the river from 2019 to 2023 show that the braided index decreased, and this can be due to the fact that the real scenario of the river has a regulated discharge compared to the non-regulated discharge from hydrologic data, in the mentioned period.

关键词： 2d modeling braided intensity (BI) braided river morphodynamics regulated discharge satellite images

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2d modeling and simulation of deformation bands' effect on fluid flow: Implications for hydraulic properties in siliciclastic reservoirs

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JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY 2022年 158卷

作者： de Souza, Franklyn Macedo Gomes, Igor Fernandes Costa Nogueira, Francisco Cezar Vasconcelos, david Lino Canabarro, Bruno Braz de Souza, Jorge Andre do Nascimento Guimaraes, Leonardo Jose de Sa Beserra, Leila Brunet Univ Fed Pernambuco Civil Engn Postgrad Program BR-50740530 Recife PE Brazil Univ Fed Campina Grande Campina Grande Paraiba Brazil Petrobras Res Ctr CENPES Rio De Janeiro Brazil

deformation bands can influence fluid flow within reservoirs, mainly acting as flow barriers. This study aims to characterize deformation bands and evaluate the influence of these structures on fluid flow through 2d modeling and numerical simulation using the equivalent permeability tensor computed numerically through a flow-based upscaling procedure in siliciclastic reservoirs. To do so, we analyze arkosic sandstones of the Antenor Navarro Formation in the Rio do Peixe Basin, NE Brazil. The characterization of deformation bands involved: 1) acquisition of aerial imagery using a drone;2) conducting direct field-based structural analysis along one scanline (frequency of deformation bands/m);and 3) collection of samples in the field to perform petrophysical (porosity and permeability) tests. After the characterization phase, we built a 2d geological model using the previously acquired parameters and performed a single-phase numerical flow simulation of water using finite element code. We simulated four different horizontal and vertical flow scenarios for both measured and exaggerated host rock permeability. Our structural analysis demonstrated that the deformation bands preferentially strike NE-SW, with secondary E-W- to N-S-orientations. Our petrophysical analysis showed that samples affected by deformation bands have lower porosity (by up to two orders of magnitude) and permeability (by up to four orders of magnitude) values than samples collected in the host rocks. The numerical fluid flow simulation allowed us to conclude that the deformation bands act as partial flow barriers where the hydraulic head can indicate the barrier effect intensity. Pressure drops between host rock regions separated by deformation bands reached values from 10 to 40%, depending on the fluid flow direction, especially for cases with a high contrast between the permeability values (three orders of magnitude) of the deformation bands and the host rock. The results of this study focus on the

关键词： deformation bands Porous sandstones Permeability Porosity 2d modeling Fluid flow

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Reservoir characterization of McMurray Formation by 2d geostatistical modeling

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Natural Resources Research 2006年第2期15卷 111-117页

作者： Ren, Weishan McLennan, Jason A. Leuangthong, Oy deutsch, Clayton V. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Alberta CNRF NREF Building Edmonton Alta. T6G ZWZ 3-133 Markin Canada

There is a need to estimate reserve uncertainty for large lease areas. detailed 3d models of heterogeneity are not necessarily required but there is a need to integrate all available data into an in-situ reserve estimate with uncertainty. A 2d mapping approach is presented to appraise reserves accounting for multiple variables multiple data sources and uncertainty. The approach can be considered in three primary steps: (1) Bayesian updating is used to determine local distributions of uncertainty for each primary variable while integrating multiple secondary information (2) matrix simulation is employed to jointly and simultaneously simulate multiple collocated variables to determine a derived variable such as OOIP and (3) probability field simulation then is applied to permit joint simulation of multiple locations. This methodology permits local and global uncertainty assessment while integrating multiple sources of information. An application to the McMurray Formation in Alberta Canada is demonstrated. © International Association for Mathematical Geology 2006.

关键词： 2d modeling Bayesian updating data integration Resources estimation Uncertainty assessment

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Streamer-to-filament transition in pulsed nanosecond atmospheric pressure discharge: 2d numerical modeling

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PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023年第11期32卷 115014-115014页

作者： Zhang, Bin Zhu, Yifei Zhang, Xiaobing Popov, Nikolay Orriere, Thomas Pai, david Z. Starikovskaia, Svetlana M. Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys Moscow 119991 Leninsky gory Russia Univ Poitiers Inst Pprime Dept Fluides Therm & Combust CNRS UPR 3346ENSMA bd Marie & Pierre CurieTéléport 2B F-86962 Futuroscope France Univ Paris Sud Sorbonne Univ Inst Polytech Paris Lab Plasma PhysCNRSEcole PolytechObserv Paris Route Saclay F-91128 Palaiseau France

The streamer-to-filament transition in air at atmospheric pressure, in a nanosecond pin-to-pin discharge, is studied by a 2d model. The main aim is to implement a kinetic scheme providing a sharp electron density increase to the 2d PASSKEy code, to validate the results on the available experimental data, and to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the transition. Results show that after the formation of a conductive channel across the discharge gap, two discharge modes appear during a few nanoseconds: a glow phase, with a relatively homogeneous distribution with the electron density of 1.0x1014 cm-3, and a filamentary phase, with the electron density of 1.0x1018 cm-3. Two filaments appear at the cathode and anode respectively, and propagate towards the middle of the gap with a velocity of about 1.1 & sdot;107 cm s-1, forming a narrow channel. Simultaneously, the gas temperature increases from 350 to 2800 K. The diameter of the channel at the middle gap decreases from 210 to 90 mu m. dissociation and ionization of the electronically excited states of molecules N2(A 3 n-ary sumation u+ , B 3 pi g , a ' 1 n-ary sumation u- , C 3 pi u ), and ionization of ground and electronically excited states of O and N atoms are the most important processes for the transition. Numerical results also reveal the influence of the memory effect (pre-heating, pre-ionization, and pre-dissociation) from previous pulses on the streamer-to-filament transition.

关键词： plasma kinetics 2d modeling streamer-to-filament transition nanoseconds

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Geophysical characterization and 2d gravimetric modeling: Application to tectonic control of the Vitoria-Trindade Ridge (VTR-ES, Brazil)

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JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES 2024年 148卷

作者： dos Santos, Adilson Oliveira Mohriak, Webster Ueipass dutra, Alanna Costa dos Santos, Anderson Costa Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro UERJ Programa Posgrad Geociencias PPGG Fac Geol Sao Francisco Xavier St524 Maracana BR-22550013 Rio De Janeiro RJ Brazil Univ Fed Bahia UFBA Ctr Pesquisa Geofis & Geol CPGG Inst Fis IF BR-40170115 Salvador BA Brazil Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro Tektos & GeoAtlantico Grp Rio De Janeiro Brazil Univ Aveiro Dept Geociencias Geobiotec P-3810193 Aveiro Portugal

There are numerous inquiries regarding the origin and development of the Vitoria-Trindade Ridge (VTR) in eastern Brazil, a major tectonic feature composed of seamounts, guyots, banks, and islands, prompting extensive studies in the region. These investigations aim to create a more precise crustal model to aid in understanding various geological phenomena, such as the separation of South America from Africa, the interaction between continental and oceanic crusts, and the behavior of oceanic fracture zones. These zones may have served as conduits for magma feeding into the ridge and adjacent areas, or the seamounts could have formed due to a fixed mantle plume related to the West-East trend. This study focuses on exploring the tectonic structure of the region, particularly the subsurface of the VTR, utilizing geophysical data modeling techniques. This includes data from topography, gravimetric and magnetic anomalies, and analysis of reflection seismic lines. The research aims to accurately characterize the geological and geophysical context of the continental margin and some igneous features in the offshore region of the Espirito Santo and Bahia states. The anomalous hotspots correlate with preexisting fracture zones resulting from the Mesozoic rifting of South American and African continents, which due to later tectonic episodes, have masked traces of deep-seated tectonic structures. The integration of geophysical methods, particularly gravimetry and magnetometry, when combined with reflection seismic data and 2d modeling techniques, offer insights into the geodynamic processes involved in the formation of the volcanic ridge. The results obtained showed the interference generated by magmatism in the oceanic crust and the transition zone. The seismic data allowed the visualization of the approximate geometries and interrelationships of some volcanic edifices that are compared with the davis Bank, located in the central region of the VTR.

关键词： Geophysics Potential methods Ridge Magmatism 2d modeling

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2d and 3d Computational modeling of Surface Flooding in Urbanized Floodplains: modeling Performance for Various Building Layouts

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WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 2024年第5期60卷 e2023WR035149-e2023WR035149页

作者： Li, Xuefang dellinger, Guilhem Erpicum, Sebastien Chen, Lihua Yu, Shuyue Guiot, Leo Archambeau, Pierre Pirotton, Michel dewals, Benjamin Guangxi Univ Coll Civil Engn & Architecture Guangxi Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Engn Safety Nanning Peoples R China Natl Sch Water & Environm Engn ICube Lab Strasbourg France Univ Liege ULiege Hydraul Environm & Civil Engn HECE Liege Belgium

Understanding the strengths and limitations of the modeling capacity of surface flooding in urbanized floodplains is of utmost importance as such events are becoming increasingly frequent and extreme. In this study, we assess two computational models against laboratory observations of surface urban flooding in a reduced-scale physical model of idealized urban districts. Four urban layouts were considered, involving each three inlets and three outlets as well as a combination of three- and four-branch crossroads together with open spaces. The first model (2d) solves the shallow-water equations while the second one (3d) solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Both models accurately predict the flow depths in the inlet branches. For the discharge partition between the outlets, deviations between the computations and laboratory observations remain close to the experimental uncertainties (maximum 2.5 percent-points). The velocity fields computed in 3d generally match the measured surface velocity fields. In urban layouts involving mostly a network of streets, the depth-averaged velocity fields computed by the 2d model agree remarkably well with those of the 3d model, with differences not exceeding 10%, despite the presence of helicoidal flow (revealed by the 3d computations). In configurations with large open areas, the 3d model captures generally well the trajectory and velocity distribution of main surface flow jet and recirculations;but the 2d model does not perform as well as it does in relatively channelized flow regions. Visual inspection of the jet trajectories computed by the 2d model in large open areas reveals that they substantially deviate from the observations. Advancing our modeling capacity of urban flooding is of utmost importance for improving the design of risk reduction measures. during extreme urban flooding, complex flow patterns develop in urban environments, involving three-dimensional flow structures. Though, urban floods are commonl

关键词： urban flooding 3d modeling flow structure flow recirculation experimental observations 2d modeling

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Utility of forward and inverse modeling in 2d electric tomography for Hydrogeologic studies

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APPLIEd WATER SCIENCE 2021年第2期11卷 15页

作者： Melouah, Oualid Hichem, Zerrouki Univ Kasdi Merbah Fac Hydrocarbures Energies Renouvelables & Sci Te Lab Reservoirs Souterrains Petr Gaziers & Aquifer BP 511Route Ghardaia Ouargla Algeria Univ Larbi Ben Mhidi Fac Sci Terres & Architecture Dept Geol Oum El Bouaghi Algeria

The choice of adequate techniques and arrays in electric tomography prospection is a difficult task;it depends generally on subsurface geology and the referred objective, this study is conducted in southern Algerian Sahara aquifer using 2d electric tomography techniques, the goal is testing different arrays configuration, using 2d model simulating the subsurface geology, the validated parameters from the theoretical study are applied to the real data, the results attest the usefulness of synthetic modeling choosing the correct parameters in geophysical prospection.

关键词： Electric tomography Algerian Sahara 2d modeling Arrays Synthetic modeling Geophysical prospection

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