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Electronic Navigational Charts for visualization, Simulation, and Autonomous Ship Control

IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 3716-3737页

作者： Blindheim, Simon Johansen, Tor Arne Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU Dept Engn Cybernet Ctr Autonomous Marine Operat & Syst N-7491 Trondheim Norway

Autonomous control and high-level decision-making for autonomous ships in complex environments are largely dependent on real-time navigational data from sensory systems and nautical charts. visualization and manipulation of data contained within electronic navigational charts (ENC) or hydro/geographic information systems (HIS/GIS) is generally handled on the application or operations level. However, accessible and open-source application programming interfaces (API) for displaying and managing spatial bathymetry or other related sea-faring data for research and development are scarce. This work presents an open-source ENC visualization and manipulation API implemented in Python, with heavy emphasis on accessibility and simplicity. The current version of the package provides tools for displaying marine polygon data such as ships, ocean depths, reefs, and shallows, using the transverse Mercator projection. Additionally, polygon- and point-based transformation and calculation methods for application development based on spatial geometry, path planning and numerical optimal control are implemented. Usage of the spatial methods are demonstrated by examples involving high-level path or trajectory planning, optimization, and assisted decision-making for autonomous and remote-controlled ships.

关键词： Autonomous ships bathymetry decision-making electronic navigational charts (ENC) geographic information systems (GIS) maps maritime systems nautical charts optimal control path planning polygon data risk management sea charts simulation trajectory planning 2d visualization

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Web-based Exploration of Annotated Multi-Layered Relightable Image Models

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ACM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING ANd CULTURAL HERITAGE 2021年第2期14卷 1–29页

作者： Jaspe-Villanueva, Alberto Ahsan, Moonisa Pintus, Ruggero Giachetti, Andrea Marton, Fabio Gobbetti, Enrico CRS4 Via Ampere 2 I-09134 Cagliari CA Italy Univ Verona Verona VR Italy

We introduce a novel approach for exploring image-based shape and material models registered with structured descriptive information fused in multi-scale overlays. We represent the objects of interest as a series of registered layers of imagebased shape and material data. These layers are represented at different scales and can come out of a variety of pipelines. These layers can include both Reflectance Transformation Imaging representations, and spatially varying normal and Bidirectional Reflectance distribution Function fields, possibly as a result of fusing multi-spectral data. An overlay image pyramid associates visual annotations to the various scales. The overlay pyramid of each layer is created at data preparation time by either one of the three subsequent methods: (1) by importing it from other pipelines, (2) by creating it with the simple annotation drawing toolkit available within the viewer, and (3) with external image editing tools. This makes it easier for the user to seamlessly draw annotations over the region of interest. At runtime, clients can access an annotated multi-layered dataset by a standard web server. Users can explore these datasets on a variety of devices;they range from small mobile devices to large-scale displays used in museum installations. On all these aforementioned platforms, JavaScript/WebGL2 clients running in browsers are fully capable of performing layer selection, interactive relighting, enhanced visualization, and annotation display. We address the problem of clutter by embedding interactive lenses. This focus-and-context-aware (multiple-layer) exploration tool supports exploration of more than one representation in a single view. That allows mixing and matching of presentation modes and annotation display. The capabilities of our approach are demonstrated on a variety of cultural heritage use-cases. That involves different kinds of annotated surface and material models.

关键词： 3d visualization 2d visualization reflectance transformation imaging annotations

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Comparison of Sentinel-2 and UAV Multispectral data for Use in Precision Agriculture: An Application from Northern Greece

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dRONES 2021年第2期5卷 35-35页

作者： Bollas, Nikolaos Kokinou, Eleni Polychronos, Vassilios Hellenic Mediterranean Univ Sch Agr Sci Dept Agr Iraklion 71004 Crete Greece Corteva Agrisci Hellas SA Natl Rd Thessaloniki Polygyros Thermi 57001 Greece GeoSense Terma Proektasis Maiandrou Str Thessaloniki 57013 Greece

The scope of this work is to compare Sentinel-2 and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) imagery from northern Greece for use in precision agriculture by implementing statistical analysis and 2d visualization. Surveys took place on five dates with a difference between the sensing dates for the two techniques ranging from 1 to 4 days. Using the acquired images, we initially computed the maps of the Normalized difference Vegetation Index (NdVI), then the values of this index for fifteen points and four polygons (areas). The UAV images were not resampled, aiming to compare both techniques based on their initial standards, as they are used by the farmers. Similarities between the two techniques are depicted on the trend of the NdVI means for both satellite and UAV techniques, considering the points and the polygons. The differences are in the a) mean NdVI values of the points and b) range of the NdVI values of the polygons probably because of the difference in the spatial resolution of the two techniques. The correlation coefficient of the NdVI values, considering both points and polygons, ranges between 83.5% and 98.26%. In conclusion, both techniques provide important information in precision agriculture depending on the spatial extent, resolution, and cost, as well as the requirements of the survey.

关键词： precision agriculture NdVI Sentinel-2 UAV 2d visualization

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Flow-SNE: A New Approach for Flow Cytometry Clustering and visualization 3

Flow-SNE: A New Approach for Flow Cytometry Clustering and V...

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International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI)

作者： Pouyan, M. Baran Nourani, M. Univ Texas Dallas Qual Life Technol Lab Richardson TX 75080 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467395489

Flow cytometry is a technology by which the expression of multiple cellular markers are measured simultaneously for each cell. Analysis of the extracted cytometry dataset is invaluable for biologists in many applications such as identification of various cell types with specific phenotypic properties. Specifically, identification of rare subpopulation in presence of infectious diseases can reveal the effects of that disease on immune system reflex. In this paper, we propose a new automatic clustering technique to extract meaningful cell subtypes from the flow cytometry datasets. In contrast with other methods, our approach is able to visualize the dataset in 2d. Also, it is designed to easily handle very large flow cytometry datasets. We compared our method against others using three famous publicly available flow cytometry datasets. The results indicate a much better performance and an effective visualization.

关键词： Biology Clustering algorithms data visualization Estimation Kernel Manuals Sociology 2d visualization Clustering Flow Cytometry Phenotypic Signature Flow Cytometry data visualisation Clustering algorithms Sociology dataset Biological Science disciplines biology visualization Cluster Analysis Kernel

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Inter-annual variation of streamflow,precipitation and evaporation in a small humid watershed(Chengcun Basin,China)

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第2期32卷 455-468页

作者： Mark AMO-BOATENG 李致家管仪庆 College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University

For sustainable water resource management,it is important to determine the relationship between streamfl ow and other variables that infl uence availability of water ***,many catchments do not have suffi cient data to allow for a more detailed study of these *** faced a similar challenge in the Chengcun Basin(limited historical data: from 1986–1999); and therefore we used a new approach to overcome *** found that,using nonparametric trend methods in conjunction with the climate elasticity analyses and the 2d visualization of hydrologic data,it is possible to assess the relationships between streamfl ow and other hydro-climatic *** the past,streamfl ow trends in the basin were more correlated with precipitation than with potential evapotranspiration(PET).In addition,there is a gradual shift in the hydrological regime of the catchment,which may affect the occurrence of available water resources and activities that depend on *** addition,based on our climate sensitivity analyses,the streamfl ow is dependent and more sensitive to variations in precipitation than to PET(δQ=0.79δP+0.42δE; precipitation elasticity,ε P=1.32; PET elasticity,ε E=-2.10).Therefore pending more detailed studies,the use of our approach will provide a rapid means to assess the variation of water resources(streamfl ow)in a *** the future,we hope to carry out related research in other watersheds and also perform a more detailed studies to improve upon the results of this study.

关键词： trend Mann-Kendall test climate elasticity Sen＇s slope streamflow 2d visualization hydrologic data

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Ultrasonic Evaluation of Adhesive Coverage in Bonded Joints using a 2d Array Technique

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MATERIALS EVALUATION 2013年第7期71卷 875-882页

作者： Maev, R. Gr Titov, S. Bogachenkov, A. Ghaffari, B. Lazarz, K. Ondrus, d. Barsanti, L. Tessonics Corp Windsor ON Canada Ford Motor Co Dearborn MI 48121 USA

An ultrasonic nondestructive technique capable of robust evaluation of adhesive coverage in bonded metal sheets is presented. Several signal processing techniques for detecting the presence of adhesive between the sheets using pulse-echo data from joints are analyzed. It is shown that an algorithm based on the energy of the reflected waveform weighted within a certain time gate is an efficient and robust parameter for discrimination between adhesion and no adhesion areas. This algorithm was applied using a matrix array of small flat ultrasonic transducers for 2d visualization of adhesive distribution under the metal sheet and estimation of bond width. The developed technique has been successfully tested in laboratory and industrial environments. Accuracy of the adhesive width measurements, conducted in automotive plants on production parts, was shown to be 96% in matching the teardown measurements within 1 mm.

关键词： bonded joint adhesive coverage matrix array 2d visualization

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Identification of covalent binding sites of ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate, methyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in human hemoglobin using LC/MS/MS techniques

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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEdICAL ANd LIFE SCIENCES 2010年第27期878卷 2474-2482页

作者： Jeppsson, Marina C. Mortstedt, Harriet Ferrari, Giovanni Jonsson, Bo A. G. Lindh, Christian H. Univ Lund Hosp Inst Lab Med Dept Occupat & Environm Med SE-22185 Lund Sweden

Acrylates are used in vast quantities, for instance in paints, adhesive glues, molding. They are potent contact allergens and known to cause respiratory hypersensitivity and asthma. Here we study ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (ECA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). There are only limited possibilities to measure the exposure to acrylates, especially for biological monitoring. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical structures of adducts formed after reaction of hemoglobin (Hb) with ECA, MMA, and HEMA. This information may be used to identify adducted Hb peptides for biological monitoring of exposure to acrylates. Hb-conjugates with ECA, MMA, and HEMA were synthesized in vitro. The conjugates were digested by trypsin and pronase E. Adducted peptides were characterized and analyzed by liquid chromatography and nano electro spray/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) as well as tandem quadrupole MS. The search for the adducted peptides was facilitated by visualizing the MS data by different computer programs. The results showed that ECA binds covalently to cysteines at the 104 position in the a and the position 112 in the beta-chains in Hb. MMA and HEMA bound to all the cysteines in both chains, Cys(104) in the alpha-chain and Cys(93) and 112 in the beta-chain. The full-length spectra of in un-digested Hb confirmed this binding pattern. There was no reaction with N-acetyl-L-lysine at physiological pH. The adducted peptides were possible to measure using LC/MS/MS in selected reaction monitoring mode. These peptides may be used for biological monitoring of exposure to ECA. MMA and HEMA. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Methacrylate Cyanoacrylate Hemoglobin Adduct Mass spectrometry 2d visualization Biological monitoring

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From modeling to medicinal chemistry: Automatic generation of two-dimensional complex diagrams

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CHEMMEdCHEM 2007年第6期2卷 853-860页

作者： Stierand, Katrin Rarey, Matthias Univ Hamburg Ctr Bioinformat Bundesstr 43 D-20146 Hamburg Germany

As a result of the increasing application of structure-based drug design, the visualization of protein-ligand complexes has become an important feature in medicinal chemistry. The large number of experimentally resolved complex structures and the further development of computer-aided methods like docking or de novo design establishes new possibilities in this field. during lead finding and optimization, a manual investigation of many complexes and their interaction patterns is typically performed. We present an algorithm that automatically generates 2d-protein-ligand diagrams as a possible solution for a transparent visualization of the contact partners in a complex and as a support for scientists in the evaluation of structure-based design results. Running the software on representative test data sets, it generates collision free layouts for similar to 76% of the cases in the range of, tenths of a second per complex. The success rate for complexes with ligands which have a molecular weight < 500 do is 87%.

关键词： 2d visualization molecular interactions protein-ligand complex structurediagrams

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Understanding the course and state of evolutionary optimizations using visualization: Ten years of industry experience with evolutionary algorithms

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ARTIFICIAL LIFE 2006年第2期12卷 217-227页

作者： Pohlheim, H DaimlerChrysler AG Res & Technol D-10559 Berlin Germany

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are widely employed to solve a broad range of optimization problems. Even though they work in an algorithmically simple manner, it is not always easy to understand what is going on during a particular optimization run. It is especially desirable to gain further insight into the state and course of the algorithm if the optimization does not yield the expected results or if we are not sure whether the result achieved is really the best result possible. during an optimization run an EA produces a vast amount of data. The extraction of useful information is a nontrivial task. In this article, we review visualization methods used to extract this useful information. We also demonstrate the application of visualization techniques and explain how they help us to understand the course and state of the EA. This extra information gained by the use of visualization techniques is often the difference between a good result and a very good result. In complex real-world applications, merely achieving a good result often means that the approach has failed. On the other hand, a success means large gains in productivity or safety or a decrease in costs.

关键词： 2d visualization 3d visualization image plot scaling convergence real-world application genetic algorithm search space solution space

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