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CAd system for quantitative evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on 3-d CT images

International Congress Series 2003年第C期1256卷 1049-1054页

作者： Mori, Kensaku Aiguchi, Takahisa Ikezaki, Masakazu Kitasaka, Takayuki Suenaga, Yasuhito Toriwaki, Jun-ichiro Mori, Masaki Graduate School of Information Science Nagoya University Aichi 464-8603 Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya Japan School of Computer Cognitive Sciences Chukyo University Aichi 470-0393 101 Tokodachi Kaizu-cho Toyota Japan Sapporo Kosei Hospital 8-5 North-Sanjo East Chuou-ku Sapporo Japan

This paper presents a CAd system for quantitative evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPd) based on 3-d chest X-ray CT images. In the system, distribution pattern of COPd is automatically analyzed and its result is presented to medical doctors. The system analyzes COPd by using true 3-d image processing techniques based on precise 3-d chest X-ray CT images. In the proposed CAd system, low attenuation areas (LAAs), which are clearly observed in the case of COPd, are automatically extracted by intensity threshold and intensity variance. The extracted regions are analyzed by using 3-d distance transformation. The analyzed results are also visualized by volume rendering and digital radiography reconstruction. The experimental results show that the proposed system is very useful of quantification of COPd diagnosis. © 2003, Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 3-d image processing Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease distance transformation Pulmonary emphysema

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Engineers and surgeons collaborate

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INdUSTRIAL ROBOT 2001年第2期28卷 131-135页

作者： Hollingum, J Associate Editor of this journal

A day conference at the Institution of Mechanical Engineers on 14 November 2000 brought together engineers engaged in development of robotic aids, and surgeons, some of whom are currently using robotic assistance in their work. The meeting provided a valuable opportunity for sharing of experience. Chairman of the event was dr Patrick Finlay, who, as founder of Armstrong Healthcare, has been a pioneer in the development of medical robotics. dr Finlay himself spoke about the Pathfinder image-guided robot for neurosurgery. The aim of this is to free the surgeon and patient from the rigid stereotactic frame which has been necessary to secure the required 1mm precision of positioning for a tool tip. Mr Rely McCloy described his use of robots in laparoscopic surgery. A delicate drilling operation on flexible bone tissue in the ear was described by Professor Peter Brett, and among other presentations were three relating to 3d image capture for surgery.

关键词： robotics 3-d image processing

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Radix-2 x 2 x 2 algorithm for the 3-d discrete hartley transform

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL processing 2001年第12期49卷 3145-3156页

作者： Boussakta, S Alshibami, OH Aziz, MY Univ Leeds Sch Elect & Elect Engn Inst Integrated Informat Syst Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England

The discrete Hartley transform (dHT) has proved to be a valuable tool, in digital signal/image processing and communications and has also attracted research interests in many multidimensional applications. Although many fast algorithms have been developed for the calculation of one- and two-dimensional (1-d and 2-d) dHT, the development of multidimensional algorithms in three and more dimensions is stili unexplored and has not been given similar, attention;hence, the multidimensional Hartley transform is usually calculated through the row-column approach. However, proper multidimensional algorithms can be more efficient than the row-column method and heed to be developed. Therefore, it is the aim of this paper to introduce the concept and derivation of the three-dimensional (3-d) radix-2 x 2 x 2 algorithm tor fast calculation of the 3-d discrete Hartley transform. The proposed algorithm is based on the principles of the divide-and, conquer approach applied directly in 3-d. It has a simple butterfly structure and has been found to offer significant savings in arithmetic operations compared with the row-column approach based on similar algorithms.

关键词： 3-d filtering 3-d Hartley transform 3-d image processing 3-d radix-2 x 2 x 2 3-d spectrum analysis

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Computer-generated holograms of three-dimensional real objects

Computer-generated holograms of three-dimensional real objec...

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Conference on Algorithms and Systems for Optical Information processing V

作者： Li, YZ Abookasis, d Rosen, J Ben Gurion Univ Negev IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel

ISBN: (纸本)0819441856

We propose a method of synthesizing computer-generated holograms of real-life three-dimensional (3-d) objects. An ordinary digital camera illuminated by incoherent white light records several projections of the 3-d object from different points of view. The recorded data are numerically processed to yield a two-dimensional complex function, which is then encoded as a computer-generated hologram. When this hologram is illuminated by a plane wave, a 3-d real image of the object is reconstructed.

关键词： 3-d image processing 3-d holography computer-generated hologram

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deformation analysis to detect and quantify active lesions in three-dimensional medical image sequences

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEdICAL IMAGING 1999年第5期18卷 429-441页

作者： Thirion, JP Calmon, G FOCUS Imaging Les Genets F-06560 Valbonne France

Evaluating precisely the temporal variations of lesion volumes is very important for at least three types of practical applications: pharmaceutical trials, decision making for drug treatment or surgery, and patient follow-up. In this paper we present a volumetric analysis technique, combining precise rigid registration of three-dimensional (3-d) (volumetric) medical images, nonrigid deformation computation, and how-held analysis. Our analysis technique has two outcomes: the detection of evolving lesions and the quantitative measurement of volume variations. The originality of our approach is that no precise segmentation of the lesion is needed but the approximative designation of a region of interest (ROI) which can be automated. We distinguish between tissue transformation (image intensity changes without deformation) and expansion or contraction effects reflecting a change of mass within the tissue. A real lesion is generally the combination of both effects. The method is tested with synthesized volumetric image sequences and applied, in a first attempt to quantify in vivo a mass effect, to the analysis of a real patient case with multiple sclerosis (MS).

关键词： lesion mass effect motion field analysis multiple sclerosis 3-d deformable grid 3-d image processing stereology volume measurement

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Three-dimensional imaging of interphase cell nuclei with laser scanning microscopy.

Three-dimensional imaging of interphase cell nuclei with las...

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Conference on Applications of digital image processing XXI

作者： Bocker, W Radtke, T Streffer, C Univ Klinikum Essen Inst Med Strahlenbiol D-45122 Essen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819429155

during the past decade 3-dimensional image processing has become an important key component in biological research mainly due to two different developments. The first is based on an optical instrument, the so-called confocal laser scanning microscope, allowing optical sectioning of the biological specimen. The second is a biological preparatory method, the so-called FISH-technique (Fluorescence-In-Situ-Hybridization), allowing labeling of certain cellular and sub-cellular compartments with highly specific fluorescent dyes. Both methods make it possible to investigate the 3-dimensional biological framework within cells and nuclei. image acquisition with confocal laser scanning microscopy must deal with different limits of resolution along and across the optical axis. Although lateral resolution is about 0.7 times better than in non-confocal arrangements, axial resolution is more than 3- 4 times poorer than that of the lateral (depending on the pinhole size). For 3d reconstruction it is desirable to improve axial resolution in order to provide nearly identical image information across the 3 dimensional specimen space. This presentation will give an overview of some of the most popular restoration and deblurring algorithms used in 3d image microscopy. After 3d image restoration, segmentation of certain details of the cell structure is usually the next step in image processing. We compared two different kinds of algorithms for segmentation of chromosome territories in interphase cell nuclei. One is based on Mathematical Morphology, the other on Split & Merge methods. The segmented image regions provided the basis for chromosome domain reconstruction as well as for regional localization for subsequent quantitative measurements. As a result the chromatin density within certain chromosome domains as well as some terminal dNA sequences (telomere signals) could be measured.

关键词： 3-d image processing confocal laser scanning microscopy image restoration mathematical morphology automatic segmentation chromosome reconstruction

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Mutual conversion between 3-d images and light rays

Mutual conversion between 3-D images and light rays

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Meeting on Visual Communications and image processing

作者： Takeuchi, K Naemura, T Harashima, H Univ Tokyo Dept Informat & Commun Engn Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1138656 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819431249

In the field of 3-d image, several kinds of input/output methods are developed and still making rapid progress. Considering such situation, it is desirable that the format of 3-d data is independent on input/output methods. For this purpose, ray-based representation has been proposed. In this method, 3-d physical space is represented by rays which propagate in the space. If whole light rays are completely described, 3-d space can be reproduced correctly from light ray data. However, we can only obtain sample data of light rays, e.g. multiview images. Moreover, the parameters which represent the position and direction of light rays are also sampled. If the sampling of ray parameters is not proper, it is probable that original images are not reproduced correctly from the light rays. In this paper, we discuss the effects of the sampling in mutual conversion between multiview images and light rays. Furthermore, we present sampling methods to reproduce original images correctly for several camera arrangements.

关键词： integrated 3-d visual communication 3-d image processing ray-based representation light rays multiview images sampling

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Virtualized endoscope system - An application of virtual reality technology to diagnostic aid

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION ANd SYSTEMS 1996年第6期E79D卷 809-819页

作者： Mori, K Urano, A Hasegawa, J Toriwaki, J Anno, H Katada, K Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya-shi 464-01 Japan

In this paper we propose a new medical image processing system called ''Virtualized Endoscope System (VES)'', which can examine the inside of a virtualized human body. The virtualized human body is a 3-d digital image which is taken by such as X-ray CT scanner or MRI scanner. VES consists of three modules;(1) imaging, (2) segmentation and reconstruction and (3) interactive operation. The interactive operation module has following thee major functions;(a) display of, (b) measurement from, and (c) manipulation to the virtualized human body. The user of the system can observe freely both the inside and the outside of a target organ from any point and any direction freely, and can perform necessary measurement interactively concerning angle and length at any time during observation. VES enables to observe repeatedly an area where the real endoscope can not enter without pain from any direction which the real endoscope can not. We applied this system to real 3-d X-ray CT images and obtained good result.

关键词： 3-d image processing virtual reality computer graphics endoscope X-ray CT medical image processing

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ALGORITHMS FOR IMPROVING CALCULATEd STREAMLINES IN 3-d PHASE-CONTRAST ANGIOGRAPHY

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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEdICINE 1994年第1期31卷 22-30页

作者： BUONOCORE, MH Department of Radiology UC Davis Medical Center Sacramento California

Streamline display is a unique alternative to cross-sectional slice or projection display, because streamlines more clearly show the patterns of blood flow within the vessel. Flow patterns associated with atherosclerosis, such as streamline separation and recirculation, can be quickly identified with this display. Streamlines can be calculated using velocity data obtained from 3-d phase contrast angiographic pulse sequences. However, these streamlines often pass through the wall of vessel or show intraluminal sources and sinks of blood. The author has developed iterative least squares algorithms to improve the realism of streamlines. The velocity data is modified so that the resulting streamlines do not pass through the vessel wall and there are no intraluminal sources or sinks. He has applied the algorithms to velocity data obtained from a flow phantom and the carotid arteries of normal volunteers. Streamlines derived from the processed velocity fields are more realistic and provide more precise flow quantitation.

关键词： 3-d image processing PHASE CONTRAST ANGIOGRAPHY FLOW STREAMLINES ATHEROSCLEROSIS

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3-d texture characterized by accessibility measurements, based on the grey weighted distance transform

Bioimaging

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Bioimaging 1994年第1期2卷 1-21页

作者： Strasters, K.C. Smeulders, A.W.M. Van der Voort, H.T.M. Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology Faculty of Biology University of Amsterdam 1018 TV Amsterdam Plantagemuidergracht 14 Netherlands

A method of extracting texture information from a 3-d grey level distribution is proposed, based on the concept of accessibility. We apply this method to cell nuclei in confocally scanned images. Inaccessibility of a point is defined as the minimal sum of optical density that is encountered when traversing from outside the object of interest to this point. The inaccessibility of all object voxels can be determined by applying a Grey weighted distance Transform (GdT). From the inaccessibility patterns three texture features are extracted: object inaccessibility, object inaccessibility compared to a homogeneous distribution, and object homogeneity. Normalization of these features enables objective inter object comparison of texture. Simulations on artificial textures in varying object shapes show the shape independence and discriminating power of the proposed texture features. The processing steps that are necessary for confocally scanned data are discussed and an application of analysing a cell nucleus is shown.

关键词： 3-d image processing chromatin organization confocal microscopy feature extraction grey weighted distance transform nuclear texture texture analysis

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