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International Conference on Extended Reality (XR Salento)

作者： Balloni, Emanuele Pierdicca, Roberto Paolanti, Marina Santarnecchi, Emiliano Univ Politecn Marche Dept Informat Engn DII Via Brecce Bianche 12 I-60131 Ancona Italy Univ Politecn Marche Dept Civil Engn Bldg & Architecture DICEA Via Brecce Bianche 12 I-60131 Ancona Italy Univ Macerata Dept Polit Sci Commun & Int Relat Via Don Minzoni 22-A I-62100 Macerata Italy Harvard Med Sch 25 Shattuck St Boston MA 02115 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Precis Neurosci & Neuromodulat Program PNN Gordon Ctr Med Imaging 125 Nashua St Boston MA 02114 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Network Control Lab Gordon Ctr Med Imaging 125 Nashua St Boston MA 02114 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031717031;9783031717048

The ability to understand the complex architecture and dynamic functionality of the human brain is critical to the advancement of neuroscience research and clinical applications. Traditional 2d neuroimaging techniques often fall short in providing a comprehensive view of brain activity, particularly when attempting to correlate structural and functional data. This limitation affects our capacity to accurately diagnose and treat neurological disorders. To address this challenge, this paper describes the brain Visualizer, a novel tool designed to process Electroencephalography (EEG) signals and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data to dynamically reconstruct and visualize brain activity in three dimensions. By integrating the high temporal resolution of EEG with the high spatial resolution of MRI, the brain Visualizer provides a comprehensive and interactive representation of brain networks and tracts. The platform offers a user-friendly interface, advanced visualisation techniques and real-time interaction capabilities, making it a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians and educators. In addition, the tool has potential applications in the development of neuroadaptive systems and brain-computer interfaces, thereby advancing the field of neuroscience and improving the quality of life for people with disabilities.

关键词： brain Visualization Computer Graphics EEG MRI 3d brain model Neuroimaging brain-Computer Interface

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Potential Involvement of Varicella Zoster Virus in Alzheimer's disease via Reactivation of Quiescent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

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JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS dISEASE 2022年第3期88卷 1189-1200页

作者： Cairns, dana M. Itzhaki, Ruth F. Kaplan, david L. Tufts Univ Biomed Engn Dept 4 Colby St Medford MA 02155 USA Univ Oxford Inst Populat Ageing Oxford England

Background: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (Ad), and vaccination against shingles, caused by VZV, has been found to decrease the risk of Ad/dementia. VZV might reside latently in brain, and on reactivation might cause direct damage leading to Ad, as proposed for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a virus strongly implicated in Ad. Alternatively, shingles could induce neuroinflammation and thence, reactivation of HSV-1 in brain. Objective: To investigate these possibilities by comparing the effects of VZV and HSV-1 infection of cultured cells, and the action of VZV infection on cells quiescently infected with HSV-1. Methods: We infected human-induced neural stem cell (hiNSC) cultures with HSV-1 and/or VZV and sought the presence of Ad-related phenotypes such as amyloid-beta (A beta) and P-tau accumulation, gliosis, and neuroinflammation. Results: Cells infected with VZV did not show the main Ad characteristics, A beta and P-tau accumulation, which HSV-1 does cause, but did show gliosis and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that VZV's action relating to Ad/dementia is indirect. Strikingly, we found that VZV infection of cells quiescently infected with HSV-1 causes reactivation of HSV-1 and consequent Ad-like changes, including A beta and P-tau accumulation. Conclusion: Our results are consistent with the suggestion that shingles causes reactivation of HSV1 in brain and with the protective effects against Ad of various vaccines, as well as the decrease in herpes labialis reported after certain types of vaccination. They support an indirect role for VZV in Ad/dementia via reactivation of HSV-1 in brain.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease 3d brain model herpes simplex virus type 1 latent quiescent reactivation varicella zoster virus

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Surface Tension and Neuronal Sorting in Magnetically Engineered brain-Like Tissue

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AdVANCEd SCIENCE 2023年第27期10卷 e2302411页

作者： Perez, Jose E. Jan, Audric Villard, Catherine Wilhelm, Claire PSL Univ Sorbonne Univ Inst Curie Lab Physico Chim CurieCNRSUMR 168 F-75005 Paris France CNRS Inst Pierre Gilles Gennes IPGG Technol Platform UMS 3750 F-75005 Paris France Univ Paris Cite Lab Interdisciplinaire Energies Demain UMR 8236 CNRS F-75013 Paris France

Engineered 3d brain-like models have advanced the understanding of neurological mechanisms and disease, yet their mechanical signature, while fundamental for brain function, remains understudied. The surface tension for instance controls brain development and is a marker of cell-cell interactions. Here, 3d magnetic brain-like tissue spheroids composed of intermixed primary glial and neuronal cells at different ratios are engineered. Remarkably, the two cell types self-assemble into a functional tissue, with the sorting of the neuronal cells toward the periphery of the spheroids, whereas the glial cells constitute the core. The magnetic fingerprint of the spheroids then allows their deformation when placed under a magnetic field gradient, at a force equivalent to a 70 g increased gravity at the spheroid level. The tissue surface tension and elasticity can be directly inferred from the resulting deformation, revealing a transitional dependence on the glia/neuron ratio, with the surface tension of neuronal tissue being much lower. The results suggest an underlying mechanical contribution to the exclusion of the neurons toward the outer spheroid region, and depict the glia/neuron organization as a sophisticated mechanism that should in turn influence tissue development and homeostasis relevant in the neuroengineering field.

关键词： 3d brain model bioengineering glia neuron organization magnetic nanoparticles spheroids surface tension

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3d axon growth by exogenous electrical stimulus and soluble factors

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brain RESEARCH 2018年第0期1678卷 288-296页

作者： Tang-Schomer, Min d. Jackson Lab Genom Sci 10 Discovery Dr Farmington CT 06032 USA Univ Connecticut Dept Pediat Hlth Ctr Farmington CT 06030 USA

Axon growth and alignment are fundamental processes during nervous system development and neural regeneration after injury. The present study investigates the effects of exogenous stimulus of electrical signals and soluble factors on axon 3d growth, using a silk protein material-based 3d brain tissue model. Electrical stimulus was delivered via embedded gold wires positioned at the interface of the scaffold region and the center matrix gel-filled region, spanning the axon growth area. This setup delivered applied electrical field directly to growing axons, and the effects were compared to micro-needle assisted local delivery of soluble factors of extracellular (ECM) components and neurotrophins. dissociated rat cortical neurons were exposed to an alternating field of 80 mV/mm at 0.5 Hz to 2 kHz or soluble factors for up to 4 days, and evaluated by of beta III-tubulin immunostaining, confocal imaging and 3d neurite tracing. 0.5-20 Hz were found to promote axon growth, with 2 Hz producing the biggest effect of similar to 30% axon length increase compared to control cultures. delivery of ECM components of laminin and fibronectin resulted significantly greater axon initial length increases compared to neurotrophic factors, such as BdNF, GdNF, NGF and NT3 (all at 1 mu M). Though axon lengths under 2 Hz stimulation and LN or FN exposure were statistically similar, significant AC-induced axon alignment was found under all frequencies tested. The effects included perpendicular orientation of axons trespassing an electrode, large populations of aligned axon tracts in parallel to the field direction with a few perpendicularly aligned along the middle point of the EF. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that an electrode in AC field could act as an alternating cathode that attracts the growing tip of the axon. These results demonstrate the use of alternating electric field stimulation to direct axon 3d length growth and orientation. Our study provides basis for f

关键词： Electrical stimulation 3d brain model Axon growth guidance Neural regeneration Growth factors Extracellular matrix

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Alzheimer's detection Based on Segmentation of MRI Image 7

Alzheimer's Detection Based on Segmentation of MRI Image

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7th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communications (ICACC)

作者： Biju, K. S. Alfa, S. S. Lal, Kavya Antony, Alvia Kurup, Akhil M. Govt Engn Coll Dept Elect & Commun Engn Thiruvananthapuram 695035 Kerala India

In recent years, digital medical imaging technology has opened its door to the community. In this paper we provide a software solution for detecting the brain abnormalities for detection of Alzheimer's disease. The proposed algorithm is to produce a 3d representation of the brain from the MRI slices. This method is more accurate and reliable. MRI slices undergo different processes such as de-noising, segmentation, slice-o-matic (3d construction), and calculation of residual volume of brain parts. It uses the grey to white matter ratio for determining if the person is affected by Alzheimer's disease. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Computing & Communications.

关键词： Alzheimer disease Magnetization Resonance image Wavelet Transform 3d brain model

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Alzheimer’s detection Based on Segmentation of MRI Image

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Procedia Computer Science 2017年 115卷 474-481页

作者： K.S. Biju S.S. Alfa Kavya Lal Alvia Antony M Kurup Akhil Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering Government. Engineering College Bartonhill Thiruvananthapuram-695035 India

In recent years, digital medical imaging technology has opened its door to the community. In this paper we provide a software solution for detecting the brain abnormalities for detection of Alzheimer’s disease. The proposed algorithm is to produce a 3d representation of the brain from the MRI slices. This method is more accurate and reliable. MRI slices undergo different processes such as de-noising, segmentation, slice-o-matic (3d construction), and calculation of residual volume of brain parts. It uses the grey to white matter ratio for determining if the person is affected by Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： Alzheimer disease Magnetization Resonance image Wavelet Transform 3d brain model

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ECoG based cortical function mapping using general linear model

ECoG based cortical function mapping using general linear mo...

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33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBS)

作者： Qian, Tianyi Wu, Wei Zhou, Wenjing Gao, Shangkai Hong, Bo Tsinghua Univ Dept Biomed Engn Sch Med Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Second Aff Hosp Tsinghu Univ Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441228

Electrocorticography (ECoG) is an emerging tool to map brain functions in the context of neurosurgical intervention. Previous mapping methods based on the event related power spectrum are prone to noise. To improve the robustness of cortical function mapping, general linear model (GLM), which has been widely used in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, is applied to bandpass filtered ECoG signals from each electrode. For a specific task, electrodes with best fitting parameters of the signal are identified, and the statistical significance of the fitting is mapped on the standard 3d brain model to provide a personalized map of sensorimotor functions. With the analysis of four patients' data, the proposed approach yields consistent results with those obtained by electrical cortical stimulation (ECS), while showing promising performance against noise.

关键词： 3d brain model brain modeling ECoG based cortical function mapping Educational institutions Electrodes Foot Humans Noise Tongue biomedical MRI brain function mapping brain models electrical cortical stimulation electrocorticography electrodes fMRI functio

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Vizualizace elektrických signálů mozku

Vizualizace elektrických signálů mozku

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作者： Ševčík, Ivan Brno University of Technology

EEG je neinvazivn37; metoda pro měřen37; mozkov33; aktivity, která poskytuje důležit3; náhled do činnosti lidsk33;ho mozku. Tato práce prezentuje aplikaci, která slouž37; jako v... 详细信息

EEG je neinvazivní metoda pro měření mozkové aktivity, která poskytuje důležitý náhled do činnosti lidského mozku. Tato práce prezentuje aplikaci, která slouží jako vizuálni nástroj pro analýzu EEG dat. Koncept aplikace je založen na jiných existujících řešeních, které byly v rámci práce analyzovány. Aplikace kombinuje prohlížeč signálů ve formě vícenásobného čárového grafu s 2d a 3d vizualizacemi užitečnými pro rozpoznání specifické mozkové aktivity. Součásti aplikace je i sada metod pro zpracování signálu. Závěr práce je věnován shrnutí dosažených výsledků a plánů pro další vývoj aplikace.

关键词： lidský mozek elektroencefalografie zpracování signálu vizualizace dat OpenGL 3d model mozku human brain electroencephalography signal processing data visualization OpenGL 3d brain model Text

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