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World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (WorldCIST)

作者： Kharoub, Hind Lataifeh, Mohammed Ahmed, Naveed Univ Sharjah Dept Comp Sci Sharjah 27272 U Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9783030161835;9783030161842

We present a new dual-layered 3d user interface for a 3d desktop environment in Virtual Reality (VR). VR technology has proven its potential in supporting higher levels of engagements and intuitive interactions between the human and the machine. Natural and intuitive interaction is still considered as one of the most important user interaction issues in VR. Our novel dual-layered 3d user interface allows the user to interact with multiple screens portrayed within a curved 360-degree effective field of view available for the user. downward gaze allows the user to raise the interaction layer that facilitates several traditional desktop tasks. We perform a quantitative and qualitative user study to validate the usability and user experience of the new user interface. We show that our 3d user interface is well suited for a VR 3d desktop environment.

关键词： Virtual Reality 3dUI 3d desktop user interface 3d user interface

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A Natural user interface for 3d Animation Using Kinect

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ANd HUMAN INTERACTION 2020年第4期16卷 35-54页

作者： Ahmed, Naveed Kharoub, Hind Medjden, Selma Manel Alsaafin, Areej Univ Sharjah Sharjah U Arab Emirates

This article presents a new natural user interface to control and manipulate a 3d animation using the Kinect. The researchers design a number of gestures that allow the user to play, pause, forward, rewind, scale, and rotate the 3d animation. They also implement a cursor-based traditional interface and compare it with the natural user interface. Both interfaces are extensively evaluated via a user study in terms of both the usability and user experience. Through both quantitative and the qualitative evaluation, they show that a gesture-based natural user interface is a preferred method to control a 3d animation compared to a cursor-based interface. The natural user interface not only proved to be more efficient but resulted in a more engaging and enjoyable user experience.

关键词： 3d Animation 3d user interface Kinect Natural user interface Usability user Experience

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ZiTime Studio: A Rapid Generation Framework of 3d user interface Based on Mobile Platform 4

ZiTime Studio: A Rapid Generation Framework of 3D User Inter...

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International Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing

作者： Hu, Fangliang Cao, Yue Yang, Yong Zhou, Hao Tan, Hao Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Comp Sci & Engn Chengdu Peoples R China Cisco Syst Inc Cisco Syst Shanghai Video Technol Co Ltd Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479939039

For the mobile platform, the generation of a user interface which has a stunning visual impact and a good experience is a hard work, because it requires at least two aspects: the content generation with three-dimensional condition and the complex logic editor. In this paper, an integrated development framework is proposed, which contains a graphics rendering engine, and several visual toolkits for content creation and logic editor. This platform becomes a visualizing and full environment for 3d UI generation, which supports WYSWYP (what you see is what you play). The study of this application field will certainly have a positive impact on changing human-computer interaction and improving the user experience.

关键词： 3d user interface mobile platform content creation logic editor WYSWYP rapid generation

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Interactive 3d touch and gesture capable holographic light field display with automatic registration between user and content

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JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION dISPLAY 2022年第12期30卷 877-893页

作者： Salazar Chavarria, Ivan Alexis Sanchez Shimomura, Kyoka Takeyama, Saori Yamaguchi, Masahiro Tokyo Inst Technol Sch Engn Yokohama Kanagawa Japan

This paper presents an interactive three-dimensional (3d) touch and gesture user interface that utilizes a light-field display and a 3d sensor. In contrast to conventional gesture interfaces, in which usually the image space and gesture space are separated, a user can directly interact with the 3d image in this interface system. To achieve this trait, the 3d registration between the sensor and display coordinate systems is necessary. In this study, we propose a method to automatically match the position of the reconstructed 3d image with the position of the hand of the user based on scattered light detection. The proposed calibration process is automatic and enables self-calibration during practical operation without laborious measurement work. The method allows us to use the gesture detection capabilities of the leap motion controller to develop an interface where content and gesture positions match. We show some examples of 3d touch and gesture interactions in which the gesture position and the generated content match on a light field display.

关键词： automatic calibration gesture interface holography light field display scattered light detection 3d interaction 3d touch 3d user interface

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Precise Tool to Target Positioning Widgets (TOTTA) in Spatial Environments: A Systematic Review

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION ANd COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2024年第11期30卷 7020-7030页

作者： dastan, Mine Fiorentino, Michele Uva, Antonio E. Polytech Univ Bari Bari Italy

TOTTA outlines the spatial position and rotation guidance of a real/virtual tool (TO) towards a real/virtual target (TA), which is a key task in Mixed reality applications. The task error can have critical consequences regarding safety, performance, and quality, such as surgical implantology or industrial maintenance scenarios. The TOTTA problem lacks a dedicated study and it is scattered in different domains with isolated designs. This work contributes to a systematic review of the TOTTA visual widgets, studying 70 unique designs from 24 papers. TOTTA is commonly guided by the visual overlap -an intuitive, pre-attentive "collimation" feedback- of simple shaped widgets: Box, 3d Axes, 3d Model, 2d Crosshair, Globe, Tetrahedron, Line, Plane. Our research discovers that TO and TA are often represented with the same shape. They are distinguished by topological elements (e.g. edges/vertices/faces), colors, transparency levels, and added. shapes, widget quantity, and size. Meanwhile some designs provide continuous "during manipulation feedback" relative to the distance between TO and TA by text, dynamic color, sonification, and amplified graphical visualization. Some approaches trigger discrete "TA reached feedback" such as color alteration, added sound, TA shape change, and added text. We found the lack of golden standards, including in testing procedures, as current ones are limited to partial sets with different and incomparable setups (different target configurations, avatar, background, etc.). We also found a bias in participants: right-handed, young male, non-color impaired.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Resists Visualization Input devices 6-dOF Surgery Shape Virtual environments 3d user interface tool to target manipulation widgets 3d positioning

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Leaning-Based interfaces Improve Simultaneous Locomotion and Object Interaction in VR Compared to the Handheld Controller

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION ANd COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2024年第8期30卷 4665-4682页

作者： Hashemian, Abraham M. Adhikari, Ashu Aguilar, Ivan A. Kruijff, Ernst von der Heyde, Markus Riecke, Bernhard E. Simon Fraser Univ Sch Interact Arts & Technol Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada Bonn Rhein Sieg Univ Appl Sci Inst Visual Comp D-53757 St Augustin Germany Simon Fraser Univ VdH IT Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada

Physical walking is often considered the gold standard for VR travel whenever feasible. However, limited free-space walking areas in the real-world do not allow exploring larger-scale virtual environments by actual walking. Therefore, users often require handheld controllers for navigation, which can reduce believability, interfere with simultaneous interaction tasks, and exacerbate adverse effects such as motion sickness and disorientation. To investigate alternative locomotion options, we compared handheld Controller (thumbstick-based) and physical walking versus a seated (HeadJoystick) and standing/stepping (NaviBoard) leaning-based locomotion interface, where seated/standing users travel by moving their head toward the target direction. Rotations were always physically performed. To compare these interfaces, we designed a novel simultaneous locomotion and object interaction task, where users needed to keep touching the center of upward moving target balloons with their virtual lightsaber, while simultaneously staying inside a horizontally moving enclosure. Walking resulted in the best locomotion, interaction, and combined performances while the controller performed worst. Leaning-based interfaces improved user experience and performance compared to Controller, especially when standing/stepping using NaviBoard, but did not reach walking performance. That is, leaning-based interfaces HeadJoystick (sitting) and NaviBoard (standing) that provided additional physical self-motion cues compared to controller improved enjoyment, preference, spatial presence, vection intensity, motion sickness, as well as performance for locomotion, object interaction, and combined locomotion and object interaction. Our results also showed that less embodied interfaces (and in particular the controller) caused a more pronounced performance deterioration when increasing locomotion speed. Moreover, observed differences between our interfaces were not affected by repeated interface usage.

关键词： 3d user interface dual task continuous interaction motion sickness cybersickness locomotion travel techniques virtual reality

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An Extended Fitts' Law Model for Hand Interaction Evaluation in Virtual Reality: Accounting for Spatial Variables in 3d Space and the Arm Fatigue Influence

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 2024年

作者： Lou, Xiaolong Song, Xuanbai Hu, Xiaofan Ma, Mengzhen Fu, Lili Zhuang, Xinran Fan, Xueer Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Sch Humanity Art & Digital Media Hangzhou Peoples R China Beihang Univ State Key Lab Virtual Real Technol & Syst Beijing Peoples R China Southeast Univ State Key Lab Digital Med Engn Nanjing Peoples R China

Fitts' law is a standard tool for assessing user performance and interaction device effectiveness in human-computer interaction (HCI). However, it disregards spatial variables in 3d space and arm fatigue impacts. To address these limitations in evaluating hand interaction performance in virtual reality (VR), a target pointing and acquisition experiment was conducted in which two mapping principles of hand movements (translation, angular rotation) and two interaction methods (hand controller, freehand) were compared. The results indicated that (1) in target acquisition, azimuth and inclination angles exhibited a sinusoidal relationship with hand movement time (MT);(2) arm fatigue significantly affected MT, demonstrating an exponential relationship with task duration;(3) in the case of translational movement mapping, freehand interaction exhibited less influence from fatigue compared to controller interaction;while (4) in the angular rotation mapping case, controller pointing demonstrated greater stability, with fewer declines in efficiency than freehand pointing. Based on the findings, new model formulations were developed to accommodate varying conditions.

关键词： Fitts' law target pointing human performance model virtual reality arm fatigue 3d user interface

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Leaning-Based interfaces Improve Ground-Based VR Locomotion in Reach-the-Target, Follow-the-Path, and Racing Tasks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION ANd COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2023年第3期29卷 1748-1768页

作者： Hashemian, Abraham M. M. Adhikari, Ashu Kruijff, Ernst von der Heyde, Markus Riecke, Bernhard E. E. Simon Fraser Univ Sch Interact Arts & Technol Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada Bonn Rhein Sieg Univ Appl Sci Inst Visual Comp D-53757 Bonn Germany Simon Fraser Univ VdH IT Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada

Using standard handheld interfaces for VR locomotion may not provide a believable self-motion experience and can contribute to unwanted side effects such as motion sickness, disorientation, or increased cognitive load. This paper demonstrates how using a seated leaning-based locomotion interface -HeadJoystick- in VR ground-based navigation affects user experience, usability, and performance. In three within-subject studies, we compared controller (touchpad/thumbstick) with a more embodied interface ( "HeadJoystick ") where users moved their head and/or leaned in the direction of desired locomotion. In both conditions, users sat on a regular office chair and used it to control virtual rotations. In the first study, 24 participants used HeadJoystick versus Controller in three complementary tasks including reach-the-target, follow-the-path, and racing (dynamic obstacle avoidance). In the second study, 18 participants repeatedly used HeadJoystick versus Controller (8 one-minute trials each) in a reach-the-target task. To evaluate potential benefits of different brake mechanisms, in the third study 18 participants were asked to stop within each target area for one second. All three studies consistently showed advantages of HeadJoystick over Controller: we observed improved performance in all tasks, as well as higher user ratings for enjoyment, spatial presence, immersion, vection intensity, usability, ease of learning, ease of use, and rated potential for daily and long-term use, while reducing motion sickness and task load. Overall, our results suggest that leaning-based interfaces such as HeadJoystick provide an interesting and more embodied alternative to handheld interfaces in driving, reach-the-target, and follow-the-path tasks, and potentially a wider range of scenarios.

关键词： Task analysis Legged locomotion Navigation user experience Usability Throughput Brakes 3d user interface motion sickness cybersickness locomotion travel techniques virtual reality

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FocusFlow: 3d Gaze-depth Interaction in Virtual Reality Leveraging Active Visual depth Manipulation 24

FocusFlow: 3D Gaze-Depth Interaction in Virtual Reality Leve...

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ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Sytems (CHI)

作者： Zhang, Chenyang Chen, Tiansu Shaffer, Eric Soltanaghai, Elahe Univ Illinois Urbana IL 61820 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400703300

Gaze interaction presents a promising avenue in Virtual Reality (VR) due to its intuitive and efficient user experience. Yet, the depth control inherent in our visual system remains underutilized in current methods. In this study, we introduce FocusFlow, a hands-free interaction method that capitalizes on human visual depth perception within the 3d scenes of Virtual Reality. We first develop a binocular visual depth detection algorithm to understand eye input characteristics. We then propose a layer-based user interface and introduce the concept of "Virtual Window" that offers an intuitive and robust gaze-depth VR interaction, despite the constraints of visual depth accuracy and precision spatially at further distances. Finally, to help novice users actively manipulate their visual depth, we propose two learning strategies that use different visual cues to help users master visual depth control. Our user studies on 24 participants demonstrate the usability of our proposed virtual window concept as a gaze-depth interaction method. In addition, our findings reveal that the user experience can be enhanced through an effective learning process with adaptive visual cues, helping users to develop muscle memory for this brand-new input mechanism. We conclude the paper by discussing potential future research topics of gaze-depth interaction.

关键词： Gaze Interaction Visual depth Virtual Reality 3d user interface Eye Tracking

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EyeGuide & EyeConGuide: Gaze-based Visual Guides to Improve 3d Sketching Systems 24

EyeGuide & EyeConGuide: Gaze-based Visual Guides to Improve ...

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Sytems (CHI)

作者： Turkmen, Rumeysa Gelmez, Zeynep Ecem Batmaz, Anil Ufuk Stuerzlinger, Wolfgang Asente, Paul Sarac, Mine Kadir Has Univ Istanbul Turkiye Concordia Univ Montreal PQ Canada Simon Fraser Univ Vancouver BC Canada Adobe Res Redwood City CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400703300

Visual guides help to align strokes and raise accuracy in Virtual Reality (VR) sketching tools. Automatic guides that appear at relevant sketching areas are convenient to have for a seamless sketching with a guide. We explore guides that exploit eye-tracking to render them adaptive to the user's visual attention. EYEGUIdE and EYECONGUIdE cause visual grid fragments to appear spatially close to the user's intended sketches, based on the information of the user's eye-gaze direction and the 3d position of the hand. Here we evaluated the techniques in two user studies across simple and complex sketching objectives in VR. The results show that gaze-based guides have a positive effect on sketching accuracy, perceived usability and preference over manual activation in the tested tasks. Our research contributes to integrating gaze-contingent techniques for assistive guides and presents important insights into multimodal design applications in VR.

关键词： 3d Sketching Eye-Gaze VR 3d user interface

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