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Advanced Semi-Automatic Approach for Identifying damaged Surfaces in Cultural Heritage Sites: Integrating UAVs, Photogrammetry, and 3d data analysis

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REMOTE SENSING 2024年第16期16卷 3061页

作者： Caciora, Tudor Ilies, Alexandru Herman, Grigore Vasile Berdenov, Zharas Safarov, Bahodirhon Bilalov, Bahadur Ilies, dorina Camelia Baias, Stefan Hassan, Thowayeb H. Univ Oradea Fac Geog Tourism & Sport Dept Geog Tourism & Terr Planning 1 Univ St Oradea 410087 Romania LN Gumilyov Eurasian Natl Univ Fac Sci 2 Satpayev St Nur Sultan 010008 Kazakhstan Samarkand State Univ Dept Digital Econ Samarkand 140105 Uzbekistan Azerbaijan Univ Tourism & Management Dept Tourism Business Baku 1172 Azerbaijan King Faisal Univ Coll Arts Social Studies Dept Al Ahsaa 31982 Saudi Arabia Helwan Univ Fac Tourism & Hotel Management Tourism Studies Dept Cairo 12612 Egypt

The analysis and preservation of the cultural heritage sites are critical for maintaining their historical and architectural integrity, as they can be damaged by various factors, including climatic, geological, geomorphological, and human actions. Based on this, the present study proposes a semi-automatic and non-learning-based method for detecting degraded surfaces within cultural heritage sites by integrating UAV, photogrammetry, and 3d data analysis. A 20th-century fortification from Romania was chosen as the case study due to its physical characteristics and state of degradation, making it ideal for testing the methodology. Images were collected using UAV and terrestrial sensors and processed to create a detailed 3d point cloud of the site. The developed pipeline effectively identified degraded areas, including cracks and material loss, with high accuracy. The classification and segmentation algorithms, including K-means clustering, geometrical features, RANSAC, and FACETS, improved the detection of destructured areas. The combined use of these algorithms facilitated a detailed assessment of the structural condition. This integrated approach demonstrated that the algorithms have the potential to support each other in minimizing individual limitations and accurately identifying degraded surfaces. Even though some limitations were observed, such as the potential for the overestimation of false negatives and positives areas, the damaged surfaces were extracted with high precision. The methodology proved to be a practical and economical solution for cultural heritage monitoring and conservation, offering high accuracy and flexibility. One of the greatest advantages of the method is its ease of implementation, its execution speed, and the potential of using entirely open-source software. This approach can be easily adapted to various heritage sites, significantly contributing to their protection and valorization.

关键词： cultural heritage photogrammetry 3d data analysis degradation detection point cloud processing algorithms structural analysis

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Three-dimensional modelling of artificial caves for geomechanical analysis

Three-dimensional modelling of artificial caves for geomecha...

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ISPRS TC II Mid-term Symposium on Role of Photogrammetry for a Sustainable World

作者： Spadaro, Alessandra Piras, Marco Grasso, Nives Lollino, Piernicola Parisi, Alessandro Giordano, daniele Politecn Torino Dept Environm Land & Infrastruct Engn DIATI Turin Italy Univ Bari Dept Earth & Geoenvironm Sci Bari Italy Assoc Gravina Sotterranea Geophys Applicat Proc G Bari Italy Italian Natl Res Council Res Inst Geohydrol Protect IRPI Turin Italy

Accurate cave surveying is crucial for understanding their genesis, current state, and potential hazards, especially in challenging environments marked by limited accessibility and poor visibility. This study applies geomatics techniques, including Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), SLAM-based Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS), and digital photogrammetry, to create three-dimensional models of artificial caves in Gravina in Puglia, Apulia region, southern Italy. The research aims to assess these methodologies' accuracy, reliability, and performance for structural monitoring and hazard assessment. despite challenges such as rough conditions, limited accessibility and poor visibility, the study reveals promising insights into the capabilities of these techniques for efficient surveying in complex underground environments. While highlighting the potential of MMS for cost-effective and rapid data acquisition, digital photogrammetry using spherical cameras also emerges as a viable alternative, offering comprehensive data collection capabilities with minimal capture time. Further research is warranted to optimize these techniques for enhanced hazard assessment and structural monitoring in challenging underground environments.

关键词： Underground survey 3d data analysis LidAR technology Spherical photogrammetry 360 degrees camera Geo-mechanics

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3d digital analysis for geo-structural monitoring and virtual documentation of the saint Michael cave in Minervino Murge, Bari (Italy)

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digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 2024年 32卷

作者： Cardia, Stefano Langella, Francesco Pagano, Marco Palma, Biagio Sabato, Luisa Tropeano, Marcello Parise, Mario Earth and Geo-environmental Sciences Department Aldo Moro University Bari Italy Idrogeo SRL Vico Equense Napoli Italy

The presence of caves and, in general, of subterranean landforms produced by karst processes is among the most typical geological features of the territory of Apulia, southern Italy. Several examples can be counted throughout the region, especially in the Murge area. The need to perform geo-structural analysis aimed at evaluating the stability conditions is especially significant for those caves open to the public. In the Murge area, the cave of Saint Michael at Minervino Murge is among the most famous. Beside the religious and historical interests, the whole cave needed a detailed analysis of the rock mass stability, both for protection of its architectural and archaeological values, and for safeguard of the visitors. At these aims, we performed various digital surveys by means of laser scanners and drones equipped with high-resolution cameras, in order to understand the geological setting of the entire cave and to identify unstable blocks. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： 3d data analysis Cultural heritage digital documentation Geo-mechanics Historical setting Underground environment

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A Robust Method for 2d Occupancy Map Building for Indoor Robot Navigation 2

A Robust Method for 2D Occupancy Map Building for Indoor Rob...

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Conference on Multimodal Sensing and Artificial Intelligence - Technologies and Applications II

作者： Patruno, Cosimo Reno, Vito Mosca, Nicola di Summa, Maria Nitti, Massimiliano CNR Inst Intelligent Ind Technol & Syst Adv Mfg Amendola 122 D-O I-70126 Bari Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781510644052

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644052

This paper proposed an efficient method to provide a robust occupancy grid useful for robot navigation tasks. An omnidirectional indoor robot accomplishing logistics tasks, has been equipped with stereocameras for detecting the presence of moving and fixed obstacles. The stereocamera provides a 3d point cloud. Starting from the tridimensional information, the occupancy map can be computed. Nevertheless, the point cloud often has unstable points mainly due to low accurate disparity map and to light reflections on the floor that produce mismatching during the stereo matching phase. The point cloud has been opportunely filtered by using a cascade approach in order to get more robust occupancy grids. Passthrough filters are applied to remove the 3d points which are too far. The remaining points related to the floor are then filtered out by taking advantage of the knowledge about the camera tilt. Then, a preliminary 2d occupancy grid is built to sample the point cloud. A distribution analysis about the point spread is performed for each bin of occupancy map. If specific conditions are not met, the cell value is set to zero. The cells containing a low number of points are also cleared. Finally, the isolated cells of occupancy grid and the cells that do not have enough valid neighboring cells are reset. The noisy points and the edge points of objects do not concur to produce inaccurate occupancy maps. Final outcomes prove as the proposed methodology enables to provide robust occupancy maps ensuring high performance in terms of processing time.

关键词： Mobile indoor robot navigation occupancy map 3d data analysis stereovision obstacle detection point cloud

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3d-TTA: A Software Tool for Analyzing 3d Temporal Thermal Models of Buildings

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REMOTE SENSING 2020年第14期12卷 2250-2250页

作者： Garcia, Juan Quintana, Blanca Adan, Antonio Perez, Victor Castilla, Francisco J. Univ Castilla La Mancha 3D Visual Comp & Robot Lab Ciudad Real 13071 Spain Univ Nacl Educ Distancia Dept Elect Elect Control Telemat & Chem Appl Engn Madrid 28040 Spain Univ Castilla La Mancha Modelizac & Anal Energet & Estruct Edificac & Obr Cuenca 16002 Spain

Many software packages are designed to process 3d geometric data, although very few are designed to deal with 3d thermal models of buildings over time. The software 3d Temporal Thermal analysis (3d-TTA) has been created in order to visualize, explore and analyze these 3d thermal models. 3d-TTA is composed of three modules. In the first module, the temperature of any part of the building can be explored in a 3d visual framework. The user can also conduct separate analyses of structural elements, such as walls, ceilings and floors. The second module evaluates the thermal evolution of the building over time. A multi-temporal 3d thermal model, composed of a set of thermal models taken at different times, is handled here. The third module incorporates several assessment tools, such as the identification of representative thermal regions on structural elements and the comparison between real and simulated (i.e., obtained from energy simulation tools) thermal models. The potential scope of this software and its applications within the field of energy efficiency are presented in various case studies at the end of the paper.

关键词： 3d thermal models 3d data analysis 3d visualization image processing

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Web-based visualization for 3d data in archaeology: The AdS 3d viewer

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JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS 2016年 9卷 1-11页

作者： Galeazzi, Fabrizio Callieri, Marco dellepiane, Matteo Charno, Michael Richards, Julian Scopigno, Roberto Univ York Archaeol Data Serv York N Yorkshire England ISTI CNR Visual Comp Lab Pisa Italy

The solid geometry of archaeological deposits is fundamental to the interpretation of their chronological sequence. However, such stratigraphic sequences are generally viewed as static two-dimensional diagrammatic representations which are difficult to manipulate or to relate to real layers. The AdS 3d Viewer is a web-based resource for the management and analysis of archaeological data. The viewer was developed to take advantage of recent developments in web technology, namely the adoption of WebGL (Web Graphics Library) by current web browsers. The AdS 3d Viewer combines the potential of the 3d Heritage Online Presenter (3dHOP), a software package for the web-based visualization of 3d geometries, with the infrastructure of the Archaeology data Service (AdS) repository, in the attempt to create a platform for the visualization and analysis of 3d data archived by the AdS. Two versions of the viewer have been developed to answer the needs of different users. The first version, the Object Level 3d Viewer, was implemented to extend the browsing capability of AdS project archives by enabling the visualization of single 3d models. The second version, the Stratigraphy 3d Viewer, is an extension which allows the exploration of a specific kind of aggregated data: the multiple layers of an archaeological stratigraphic sequence. This allows those unable to participate directly in the fieldwork to access, analyse and re-interpret the archaeological context remotely. This has the potential to transform the discipline, allowing inter-disciplinary, cross-border and 'at-distance' collaborative workflows, and enabling easier access to and analysis of archaeological data. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 3d documentation Archaeological excavation Archaeological stratigraphy Web-based 3d visualization 3d web Online repository 3d data analysis

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The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) of Mars Express and its approach to science analysis and mapping for Mars and its satellites

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PLANETARY ANd SPACE SCIENCE 2016年第Jul.期126卷 93-138页

作者： Gwinner, K. Jaumann, R. Hauber, E. Hoffmann, H. Heipke, C. Oberst, J. Neukum, G. Ansan, V. Bostelmann, J. dumke, A. Elgner, S. Erkeling, G. Fueten, F. Hiesinger, H. Hoekzema, N. M. Kersten, E. Loizeau, d. Matz, K. -d. McGuire, P. C. Mertens, V. Michael, G. Pasewaldt, A. Pinet, P. Preusker, F. Reiss, d. Roatsch, T. Schmidt, R. Scholten, F. Spiegel, M. Stesky, R. Tirsch, d. van Gasselt, S. Walter, S. Waehlisch, M. Willner, K. German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Planetary Res Rutherfordstr 2 D-12489 Berlin Germany Free Univ Berlin Inst Geol Sci Malteserstr 74-100 D-12249 Berlin Germany Leibniz Univ Hannover Inst Photogrammetry & Geoinformat IPI D-30167 Hannover Germany CNRS Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes 2 Rue Houssiniere F-44322 Nantes 3 France Univ Nantes 2 Rue Houssiniere F-44322 Nantes 3 France Univ Munster Inst Planetol Wilhelm Klemm Str 10 D-48149 Munster Germany Brock Univ Dept Earth Sci 500 Glenridge Ave St Catharines ON L2S 3A1 Canada Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res Justus von Liebig Weg 3 D-37077 Gottingen Germany Univ Lyon 1 Lab Geol Lyon 2 Rue Raphael Dubois F-69622 Villeurbanne France Tech Univ Berlin Dept Geodesy & Geoinformat Sci Str 17 Juni 135 D-10623 Berlin Germany Univ Toulouse 3 Observ Midipyrenees UMR 5562 14 Ave Edouard Belin F-31400 Toulouse France Pangaea Sci 5736 Fairfield RdRR 5 Brockville ON K6V 5T5 Canada

The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) of ESA's Mars Express is designed to map and investigate the topography of Mars. The camera, in particular its Super Resolution Channel (SRC), also obtains images of Phobos and deimos on a regular basis. As HRSC is a push broom scanning instrument with nine CCd line detectors mounted in parallel, its unique feature is the ability to obtain along-track stereo images and four colors during a single orbital pass. The sub-pixel accuracy of 3d points derived from stereo analysis allows producing dTMs with grid size of up to 50 m and height accuracy on the order of one image ground pixel and better, as well as corresponding orthoimages. Such data products have been produced systematically for approximately 40% of the surface of Mars so far, while global shape models and a near global orthoimage mosaic could be produced for Phobos. HRSC is also unique because it bridges between laser altimetry and topography data derived from other stereo imaging instruments, and provides geodetic reference data and geological context to a variety of non-stereo datasets. This paper, in addition to an overview of the status and evolution of the experiment, provides a review of relevant methods applied for 3d reconstruction and mapping, and respective achievements. We will also review the methodology of specific approaches to science analysis based on joint analysis of dTM and orthoimage information, or benefiting from high accuracy of co-registration between multiple datasets, such as studies using multi-temporal or multi-angular observations, from the fields of geomorphology, structural geology, compositional mapping, and atmospheric science. Related exemplary results from analysis of HRSC data will be discussed. After 10 years of operation, HRSC covered about 70% of the surface by panchromatic images at 10-20 m/pixel, and about 97% at better than 100 m/pixel. As the areas with contiguous coverage by stereo data are increasingly abundant, we also pr

关键词： Mars Phobos Planetary topography Planetary mapping Photogrammetry Surface reconstruction 3d data analysis

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Using noise function-based patterns to enhance photogrammetric 3d reconstruction performance of featureless surfaces

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JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE 2015年第5期16卷 664-670页

作者： Koutsoudis, Anestis Ioannakis, George Vidmar, Blaz Arnaoutoglou, Fotis Chamzas, Christodoulos Athena Res & Innovat Ctr Xanthis Div Multimedia Res Grp Xanthi 67100 Greece Democritus Univ Thrace Fac Elect & Comp Engn GR-67100 Xanthi Greece Univ Ljubljana Fac Civil & Geodet Engn Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia

One of the factors that determine the data quality produced by targetless photogrammetric techniques is the feature richness of the surface being captured. The Structure-From-Motion and Multiple View Stereovision (SFM-MVS) pipeline is no exception to this rule as it relies on the ability to identify corresponding points within a collection of unordered images. In this work, we question the introduction of noise function-based pattern (NFP) projection in the SFM-MVS data collection phase in order to enhance the reconstruction performance when applied on featureless surfaces. We selected a set of NFPs and we demonstrate their reconstruction performance enhancement on a Cycladic figurine by using a commercial SFM-MVS software package. We quantify each NFP's behaviour in relation to the produced data. We correlate the reconstruction results with band limiting and aliasing pattern characteristics. We compare the SFM-MVS data with those produced by digitising the same artefact with a laser triangulation scanner. We discuss the NFPs performance along with the advantages of the proposed methodology and its limitations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Structure from motion Multiple view stereovision dense stereo 3d data analysis data quality Noise function based patterns 3d laser scanning Featureless artefacts

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Assessment of Solar Irradiance on the Urban Fabric for the Production of Renewable Energy using LIdAR data and Image Processing Techniques 1

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12th Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe (AGILE) Conference/Workshop of the International-Society-of-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing (ISPRS)

作者： Carneiro, Claudio Morello, Eugenio desthieux, Gilles Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Geog Informat Syst Lab LASIG Lausanne Switzerland MIT SENSEable City Lab Cambridge MA USA Politecn Milan Human Space Lab DIAP Milan Italy Univ Appl Sci Western Switzerland HES SO HEPIA Delemont Switzerland

ISBN: (数字)9783642003189

ISBN: (纸本)9783642003189

A general understanding of the solar admittance and solar gains incident on the urban fabric is very useful to assess the potential implementation of renewable energies at the scale of the city. The authors propose a tool that uses Light detection and Ranging (LIdAR) data to automatically derive this information in a fast and accurate way with no need to refer to the construction of complex models of the urban layout. In particular, a complete methodology from the extraction of LIdAR data to the environmental analysis of urban models and the visualization of results is presented. Aim of the work is to establish a process to investigate digital urban models integrating cross-disciplinary competences, like remote sensing, GIS, image processing and urban and environmental studies. Toward this goal, working on several interfaces, tools and datasets was necessary to provide a consequent structure to the introduced methodology. Case study for application was two districts in Geneva (a historical district, and a modern one) where LIdAR data are available. The use of a hybrid approach from raw LIdAR data and vectorial digital maps (GIS data) of roofs footprints derived from a 3-d urban model of the city of Geneva allowed to interpolate a 2.5-d urban surface model (dUSM) of roofs buildings, with a resolution grid of 0.50 by 0.50 metres. This step reveals itself as fundamental for processing the environmental analysis of the urban texture. In particular, the implemented tool calculates solar radiation and solar accessibility on buildings' roofs, in order to investigate the potential for implementing photovoltaic panels.

关键词： 3d data analysis LIdAR 2.5-d urban surface models urban morphology image processing solar radiation 2-d and 3-d visualization

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Registration and change detection techniques using 3d laser radar data from natural environments

Registration and change detection techniques using 3D laser ...

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Conference on Electro-Optical Remote Sensing II

作者： Tolt, Gustav Wiklund, Anders Andersson, Pierre Chevalier, Tomas Gronwall, Christina Gustafsson, Frank Larsson, Hakan Swedish Def Res Agy FOI Dept Laser Syst Div Sensor Technol Linkoping Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9780819464941

In this paper, we present techniques related to registration and change detection using 3d laser radar data. First, an experimental evaluation of a number of registration techniques based on the Iterative Closest Point algorithm is presented. As an extension, an approach for removing noisy points prior to the registration process by keypoint detection is also proposed. Since the success of accurate registration is typically dependent on a satisfactorily accurate starting estimate, coarse registration is an important functionality. We address this problem by proposing an approach for coarse 2d registration, which is based on detecting vertical structures (e.g. trees) in the point sets and then finding the transformation that gives the best alignment. Furthermore, a change detection approach based on voxelization of the registered data sets is presented. The 3d space is partitioned into a cell grid and a number of features for each cell are computed. Cells for which features have changed significantly (statistical outliers) then correspond to significant changes.

关键词： laser radar data 3d data analysis registration ICP keypoints change detection

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